高一英语必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（暑假单元自测）新高一英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元自测卷（人教版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（基础题）和第Ⅱ卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一．单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1.The eruption of this _________ (火山)would be destructive. 2.The rising price of fuel is largely a result of an independence between _______(供应) and demand. 3.They escaped through an __________(紧急)exit and called the police. 4.If you choose an article in French ,please still write your ___________(概要). 5.I tried to persuade him , but with little or no __________(效果). 6.The president will _____________(发表) a speech on education. 7.My mother often reminds me ,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,and I need that advice frequently. 8.Mary __________(轻拍)her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 9.In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones(旋风),while in the Atlantic are typically called ________(飓风). 10.The plane _________(坠毁)mysteriously near the island. 1. volcano 2.supply 3. emergency 4. summary 5.effect 6.deliver 7.calm 8.tapped 9.hurricanes 10.crashed 二．单词变形（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 11.If cancers are spotted early, there is a high chance of __________(survive). 12.There is worldwide concern about the_________(destroy) of the rainforests. 13.I was looking for my handbag, which _________(bury) under a pile of books . 14.The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish________(trap) in the ice. 15.Thanks to recent research ,_________(effect) treatments are available. 16.We are moved into a cabin with________(electric) but no running water. 17.The dam broke down and as a result the land________(flood). 18.He felt too _______(shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down. 19.Dry hair can_______(damage)by washing it too frequently. 20.Most parts of African countries have suffered from________(dry) in recent years. 21.At least one well had some smelly gas ________(come)out of it. 22.Mike ran out of the fields looking for places_______(hide),and fish jumped out of the water. 23.But city’s one million people _______(be) asleep as usual that night. 24.Two ______(three) of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 25.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ________(be) more than 400,000. 26.Water, food and electricity were hard ______(get). 27.Soon after the quakes ,the army sent 150,000soilders to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and ____(bury) the dead. 28.Indian_______(office)said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. 29.Another 254 were found _______(die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. 30.In southern Thailand,1,900 people _______(hurt)and many more were missing ,local officials said. 11. survival 12. destruction13.was buried 14.trapped 15.effective 16.electricity 17.was flooded 18.shocked 19. be damaged 20.drought 21.coming 22.to hide 23.were 24.thirds 25.was 26.to get 27. to bury 28.officials 29.dead 30.were hurt 三．短语填空（10分） 31.Strong winds just_______ __most of the dust.（吹散） 32.Now I can walk to work __________ going by car.（代替，而不是） 33.It you don’t know a word, _______ it_______ in the dictionary.（查阅） 34.The city police ________ roadblocks to check passing vehicles.（设立） 35.In other words, you are treating the workers _______ they were machines.（仿佛） 36.She looked at her son________, waiting for him to tell her that she had misunderstood everything .（吃惊） 37.That afternoon, the squirrel came to our backyard ________（像往常一样） 38.The firefighters _______the big fire, though the burning building might fall down at any moment.（冲进） 39.Earthquakes can leave cities and countries ________ .(废墟) 40.People often hope all good things won’t _____________.（结束） 31. blew away 32. instead of 33. look, up 34. set up 35. as if 36. in shock 37. as usual 38. rushed into 39. in ruins 40. come to an end 第Ⅱ卷 四．完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） I arrived at this village in Asia two weeks ago with a group of classmates from Ohio University. You might have seen the news talking about the 41 . We are here to help them 42 from the recent typhoon. Although we were told what we might expect, it was still a bit 43 to get used to the gravity (严重性) of the situation. For example, we have to 44 water every day to have something safe to drink. Also, there is no extra 45 , so we have to stay in tents. There is also no 46 , which means that there are no refrigerators or lights. In addition to providing food for the 47 , we must also feed ourselves, which takes some creativity as we must 48 over a fire and most days see a heavy rainfall. 49 , we have been able to make adjustment and are doing well. In addition to helping 50 the village and save the harvest, we have also been doing 51 development work. The farmers used to go to the well every morning to get 52 for their fields. We helped 53 a new irrigation canal (灌溉渠), so now watering their fields is 54 . Hopefully, we can work on other 55 to improve the infrastructure (基础建设) of the village before we leave. 41．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behavior 42．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer 43．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange 44．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research 45．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing 46．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere 47．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers 48．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing 49．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually 50．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend 51．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term 52．A．paper B．power C．water D．help 53．A．give up B．put up C．pick up D．use up 54．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder 55．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．D 46．C 47．D 48．C 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．C 【导语】文章主要讲述作者随同学前往亚洲某村庄，协助台风灾后重建，并参与基础设施建设工作的经历。 【详解】41．考查名词。句意：你可能看过新闻报道这次灾难。A. accident事故；B. disaster灾难；C. development发展；D. behavior行为。根据后文“recent typhoon”可知，台风是一场自然灾害。 42．考查动词。句意：我们来这里帮助他们从最近的台风中恢复。A. recover恢复；B. hear听到；C. come来；D. suffer遭受。根据后文“from the recent typhoon”可知，台风过后，村民需要“恢复”正常生活。 43．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们知道可能会面临什么，但要适应情况的严重性还是有点困难。A. quick快速的；B. difficult困难的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. strange奇怪的。根据前文“Although we were told what we might expect”和后文“get used to the gravity of the situation”可知，尽管有心理准备，适应起来仍很“困难”。 44．考查动词。句意：例如，我们必须每天煮（沸）水才能喝到安全的饮用水。A. boil煮沸；B. save节省；C. pour倾倒；D. research研究。根据后文“to have something safe to drink”可知，为了获得安全的饮用水，通常需要“煮沸”杀菌。 45．考查名词。句意：此外，没有多余的住房，所以我们不得不住在帐篷里。A. transport交通工具；B. food食物；C. clothes衣服；D. housing住房。根据后文“so we have to stay in tents”可知，缺少“住房”。 46．考查名词。句意：也没有电，这意味着没有冰箱和灯光。A. shop商店；B. forest森林；C. electricity电；D. atmosphere大气。根据后文“there are no refrigerators or lights”可知，这是缺乏“电”的表现。 47．考查名词。句意：除了给村民们提供食物，我们自己也得解决吃饭问题，这得动点脑筋，因为我们得在火上做饭，而且大部分日子都会下大雨。A. reporters记者；B. teachers老师；C. soldiers士兵；D. villagers村民。根据前文“We are here to help them ____ from the recent typhoon.”和下文“the village and save the harvest”可知，志愿者来到村庄，主要是帮助当地的“村民”。 48．考查动词。句意同上。A. play玩耍；B. jump跳跃；C. cook烹饪；D. sing唱歌。根据前文“we must also feed ourselves, which takes some creativity”和后文“over a fire”可知，努力解决饮食，生火为了“做饭”。 49．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我们已经能够做出调整，并且做得很好。A. Suddenly突然；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Generally通常；D. Actually实际上。根据后文“we have been able to make adjustment and are doing well”结合前文讲述诸多艰苦条件，此处转折表情况转好，用“幸运的是”。 50．考查动词。句意：除了帮助重建村庄和拯救收成，我们还做了长期的发展工作。A. rebuild重建；B. research研究；C. record记录；D. recommend推荐。根据前文“We are here to help them ____ from the recent typhoon.”和“the gravity (严重性) of the situation”可知，台风摧毁了村庄，需要“重建”。 51．考查形容词。句意同上。A. heavy沉重的；B. rapid快速的；C. regular定期的；D. long-term长期的。根据后文“We helped ____ a new irrigation canal (灌溉渠)”可知，修建灌溉渠属于基础设施，是“长期的”发展工作。 52．考查名词。句意：农民们过去每天早上都要去井边打水浇地。A. paper纸；B. power力量；C. water水；D. help帮助。根据后文“for their fields”和“watering their fields”可知，去井边是为了取“水”。 53．考查动词短语。句意：我们帮忙修建了一条新的灌溉渠，所以现在浇灌田地更容易了。A. give up放弃；B. put up建造，搭起；C. pick up捡起；D. use up用完。根据后文“a new irrigation canal”和后文“we can work on other ____ to improve the infrastructure (基础建设) of the village before we leave.”可知，这是“修建”的工程。 54．考查形容词。句意同上。A. easier更容易的；B. busier更忙的；C. slower更慢的；D. louder更大声的。根据前文“We helped ____ a new irrigation canal (灌溉渠), so now watering their fields”可知，有了灌溉渠，浇水自然变得“更容易”。 55．考查名词。句意：希望我们在离开前能开展其他项目来改善村里的基础设施。A. studies研究；B. standards标准；C. projects项目；D. titles标题。根据后文“to improve the infrastructure (基础建设) of the village before we leave”可知，改善基础设施通常涉及多个工程“项目”。 五． 阅读理解（满分40分） A Campus ResourcesBookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 56．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 57．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 58．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. 【答案】56．C 57．D 58．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了书店、图书馆和两门课程等校园资源。 【详解】56．细节理解题。根据Library部分中“The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 (南校区图书馆以应用技术、媒体与传播艺术和工程技术为重点。地点：南校区J楼586.445.7401)”可知，在南校区J楼586.445.7401，可以找到工程技术的多媒体材料。故选C项。 57．细节理解题。根据Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010部分中“This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. (如果你在职业道路上犹豫不决，或者对自己想做什么有想法，但不确定如何实现，那么建议你选择这门课程。在这门课上，你将参观公司，并与不同行业的专业人士交谈。)”可知，开设LIFE课程的目的是帮助学生做出合适的职业选择。故选D项。 58．推理判断题。通读全文，根据文章标题“Campus Resources (校园资源)”以及下面的小标题“Bookstore (书店)”和“Library (图书馆)”和“College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 (大学成功技能-CSSK-1200)”以及“Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 (职业发展与决策-LIFE-1010)”可知，这段文字可能来自学生指南。故选B项。 B Can you survive an unannounced storm? Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cell phones, there’re still some examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise. While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time, endangering everyone and everything in their path. There’ve been oil workers trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Field archeologists (野外考古学家) have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning. It wasn’t but a few decades ago that a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise. There’ve been a few cases when travellers were trapped on an island or in a coastal area and unable to escape in time. Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us — but not for all. Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without so much as a public shelter to hide in. Most ride out the storm in their homes. But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense. If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks, you should always carry a flashlight with extra batteries, a GPS device, and a basic medical box. If you’re travelling in your car,remember you may suffer from high winds. You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car. Keeping your head and your courage up is important to survival in any type of danger. Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 59．According to the text, most Atlantic hurricanes ______. A．form in the Caribbean Sea B．come from Gulf of Mexico C．develop off the coast of Africa D．are from the Pacific Ocean 60．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The bad situations of oil workers. B．People trapped by sudden storms. C．The danger of travelling on an island. D．The Texas National Guard group. 61．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give some advice. B．To encourage travelling. C．To stress the danger of hurricanes. D．To give some warnings. 62．In which part of a website would you most probably find the text? A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture. 【答案】59．C 60．B 61．A 62．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了突然来袭的风暴尤其是飓风会给人们带来危险与困境，并针对意外紧急情况给出了实用的生存准备建议。 【详解】59．细节理解题。根据第二段“While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time, endangering everyone and everything in their path.(虽然大多数大西洋飓风是在非洲海岸附近形成的，并且能提前发出大量警报，但加勒比海和墨西哥湾的飓风却会在短短一天之内突然形成并迅速移动，威胁着其路径上的一切生命和财产。)”可知，大多数大西洋飓风形成于非洲海岸附近。故选C。 60．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There’ve been oil workers trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Field archeologists have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning.(当突发风暴出现时，有石油工人被困在海岸外。野外考古学家在没有风暴预警的情况下被困在沿海地区)”等内容可知，本段主要讲述被突发风暴困住的人们。故选B。 61．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense.(但是你可以做一些事情来为一些意外的紧急情况做好准备。为意外做好准备可能是你最好也是唯一的防御)”等内容可知，本段目的是给出一些应对意外风暴的准备建议。故选A。 62．推理判断题。本文主要介绍突发风暴的危险以及应对建议，内容与日常生活安全相关，最可能出现在网站的生活版块。故选C。 C The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature never fails to impress with its power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, among the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough — average temperatures can hit 46℃. Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, the winter season offers much milder weather that is ideal for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, considered one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around -50℃, and the lowest ever recorded was -71.2℃ in 1924. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts for only three hours each day. Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish. Yet in summer, the weather turns surprisingly warm and wet—the summer temperatures can get up to 34℃. Not far away from Oymyakon lies Verkhoyansk, referred to as the “cold pole”. It holds the record for the largest annual temperature range on Earth-an astonishing 106℃. Winters are bitterly cold and extended — temperatures in January can reach as low as -70℃, while summers can reach 38℃. This area also offers the unique experience of polar days and polar nights. Closer to us, Xining in China is known for its sharp daily temperature changes, particularly in April. A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary. This quick change allows people to live through two different seasons in just one day. 63．What problem do strong winds bring to Araouane, Mali? A．They make winter weather much colder. B．They cause frequent sandstorms on the dry land. C．They lead to extremely high summer temperatures. D．They destroy the outdoor activity areas in winter. 64．Why do local people in Oymyakon eat raw fish? A．Because raw fish is delicious and popular. B．Because the daylight lasts for only three hours each day. C．Because it is a traditional food in their culture. D．Because the ground is frozen throughout the year. 65．What can we infer from the text about Xining in April? A．The lowest temperature. B．Light clothing to wear. C．Light and heavy clothing to prepare. D．Small temperature difference. 66．Which is the best title for the text? A．Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates. B．People’s Adaption to Extreme Climates. C．The Hottest and Coldest Places on Earth. D．Temperature Changes Around the World. 【答案】63．B 64．D 65．C 66．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地球上多处有着极端且奇特气候的地方，讲述各地区的气候特征及当地人们的适应方式，展现自然的力量与多样性。 63．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms.(强风经常掠过这片干旱的土地，引发多次沙尘暴。)”可知，强风给马里的阿拉万带来的问题是在干旱的土地上引发频繁的沙尘暴。故选B项。 64．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish.(因为这里的土地终年冰封，当地人形成了吃生鱼的饮食习惯。)”可知，奥伊米亚康的当地人吃生鱼是因为这里的土地全年都被冻住了。故选D项。 65．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary.(温暖的下午气温可能在24℃左右，适合穿轻便的衣服，但到了黄昏，气温会降到接近0℃，必须穿上厚外套。)”可知，四月的西宁午后适合穿轻便衣物，夜晚则需要厚外套，由此可推断人们需要准备薄厚两种衣物。故选C项。 66．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates.(地球上有许多地方有着奇特且往往极端的气候。)”以及后文依次介绍的马里阿拉万、俄罗斯奥伊米亚康、维尔霍扬斯克和中国西宁这些气候极端的地区可知，文章核心就是介绍地球上有着奇特和极端气候的地方，因此“气候极端且独特的地区”适合作为本文标题。故选A项。 D From 2025 to 2026, the global climate has shown an increasingly unstable trend, with frequent extreme weather events such as sudden heavy rainstorms, prolonged high temperatures, rare cold waves and strong unstable stormy weather sweeping across many regions. These climate disasters have caused huge losses to people’s lives and property, making “adaptation to extreme climate and scientific survival” a hot topic widely discussed by the public in 2026. Faced with frequent extreme weather, some people hold a negative attitude, believing that individual power is too small to resist natural disasters, so they do nothing to prepare. This kind of thought is extremely dangerous. In fact, every individual can take simple and effective measures to protect themselves and their families. For instance, families can prepare special emergency survival supplies containing bottled water, compressed biscuits, flashlights, batteries, first-aid supplies and warm blankets, which can support life for 3 to 5 days when trapped by disasters. Others over-rely on government rescue and modern scientific and technological means, ignoring individual subjective initiative. While government rescue teams and advanced weather forecast systems play a key role in disaster prevention and relief, they often need time to arrive at disaster areas. During this period, individual survival awareness and skills determine whether people can survive safely. For example, in the sudden urban flooding caused by heavy rain, people who know to avoid lowland areas, underground spaces and fast - flowing water are far less likely to be in danger. Scientific survival in the context of extreme climate requires the joint efforts of individuals, communities and the government. Individuals should take the initiative to learn climate survival knowledge and participate in community emergency training; communities should establish disaster early warning mechanisms and set clear escape routes and shelters; the government should strengthen infrastructure construction to resist disasters and spread useful life-saving knowledge through media, communities and schools. Extreme climate is a severe challenge faced by all mankind, but it is not unconquerable. As long as everyone establishes a sense of crisis, masters scientific survival methods, and makes sufficient preparations, we can greatly reduce the harm caused by extreme weather. Protecting ourselves in extreme climate is not only responsible for our own lives, but also a kind of social responsibility to maintain social stability. 67．What extreme weather phenomena are mentioned in the text? A．Earthquakes and tsunamis. B．Heavy rainstorms and high temperatures. C．Volcanic eruptions and mudslides. D．Sandstorms and droughts. 68．Why does the author think relying only on government rescue is not enough? A．Government rescue is often inefficient. B．Government rescue cannot cover all disaster areas. C．Rescue teams need time to arrive, and individual skills matter during this period. D．Modern technology is more reliable than government rescue. 69．What is the author’s attitude towards dealing with extreme climate disasters? A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 70．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Extreme Climate: A Global Disaster. B．Individual Preparation: Key to Survival in Extreme Weather. C．Government Rescue: The Only Hope for Disasters. D．Challenges of Global Climate Change. 【答案】67．B 68．C 69．B 70．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了极端气候频发背景下，个人、社区和政府应共同努力，科学应对灾害。 【详解】67．细节理解题。根据第一段中“frequent extreme weather events such as sudden rain rainstorms, prolonged high temperatures, rare cold waves and strong unstable stormy weather(频繁的极端天气事件，如突发暴雨、持续高温、罕见寒潮和强烈不稳定风暴天气)”可知，文中提到了暴雨和高温。 68．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Others over-rely on government rescue and modern scientific and technological means, ignoring individual subjective initiative. While government rescue teams and advanced weather forecast systems play a key role in disaster prevention and relief, they often need time to arrive at disaster areas. During this period, individual survival awareness and skills determine whether people can survive safely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”可知，救援队需要时间到达，而在这段时间内个人技能很重要。故选C。 69．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Faced with frequent extreme weather, some people hold a negative attitude, believing that individual power is too small to resist natural disasters, so they do nothing to prepare. This kind of thought is extremely dangerous. In fact, every individual can take simple and effective measures to protect themselves and their families.(面对频发的极端天气，部分人持消极态度，认为个人力量过于渺小，无法抵御自然灾害，因而对准备工作置之不理。这种想法极其危险。事实上，每个人都可以采取简单易行且有效的措施来保护自己和家人。)”、第三段中“Others over-rely on government rescue and modern scientific and technological means, ignoring individual subjective initiative. While government rescue teams and advanced weather forecast systems play a key role in disaster prevention and relief, they often need time to arrive at disaster areas. During this period, individual survival awareness and skills determine whether people can survive safely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”、第四段“Scientific survival in the context of extreme climate requires the joint efforts of individuals, communities and the government. Individuals should take the initiative to learn climate survival knowledge and participate in community emergency training; communities should establish disaster early warning mechanisms and set clear escape routes and shelters; the government should strengthen infrastructure construction to resist disasters and spread useful life-saving knowledge through media, communities and schools.(在极端气候背景下实现科学生存，需要个人、社区和政府三方共同努力。个人应主动学习气候生存知识，积极参与社区应急培训；社区应建立灾害预警机制，设定明确的逃生路线和避难场所；政府则应加强防灾基础设施建设，并通过媒体、社区和学校普及实用的救生知识。)”可知，作者既指出了个人消极态度的危险，也指出了过度依赖政府的不足，并提出个人、社区、政府三方应共同努力，语气客观理性。 70．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“Others over-rely on government rescue and modern scientific and technological means, ignoring individual subjective initiative. While government rescue teams and advanced weather forecast systems play a key role in disaster prevention and relief, they often need time to arrive at disaster areas. During this period, individual survival awareness and skills determine whether people can survive safely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”可知，文章先介绍极端天气现状，重点纠正人们防灾错误观念，强调个人准备、求生技能的重要性，并结合多方力量说明科学求生的方法，核心围绕个人准备应对极端天气展开。本文最佳标题为“Individual Preparation: Key to Survival in Extreme Weather(个人准备：极端天气中生存的关键)”。 E For thousands of years, fire has been a regular natural process in Australia, shaping the landscape and impacting the evolution (进化) of its species. 71 That is to say, fire has become a fundamental ecological force. Australia’s tendency for severe bush fires is a combination of climate, landscape, and ignition sources. The continent is naturally hot and dry. 72 Thus, forests there are exceptionally flammable (易燃的). Strong winds also play a part, carrying burning pieces long distances to start new fires far ahead of the main front. 73 Many of the native plants, particularly the dominant eucalyptus forests, are naturally flammable. Eucalyptus trees are rich in volatile (挥发的) oils that can turn into gas at high temperatures, creating a highly flammable atmosphere. These trees also drop large amounts of bark and leaves, which build up on the forest floor as a thick layer of fuel. The final element is the source that starts bush fires. Bush fires can start from natural causes, with lightning strikes being the most common during dry thunderstorms. 74 These can range from accidental events like small burning pieces from machinery or fallen power lines, to carelessly managed campfires, and also include acts of setting fires on purpose. The ecological harm of severe bush fires is huge, affecting wildlife, plant life, and the broader environment. For animals, the immediate impact is often deadly, as fast-moving fires endanger mobile species. The effects can be disastrous, as survivors face a landscape lacking food and shelter. 75 A．Australia has a high forest coverage rate. B．Australian plants and animals can survive fires. C．Fire has long been part of Australia’s environment. D．That means they are at risk of hunger and being hunted. E．This is often worsened by climatic cycles of low rainfall. F．Human activities are the other major cause of many fires. G．The nature of the Australian bush itself helps fires spread. 【答案】71．C 72．E 73．G 74．F 75．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了澳大利亚山火的成因，包括气候、植被特性和起火源，并阐述了山火对生态环境的巨大危害。 【详解】71．上文“For thousands of years, fire has been a regular natural process in Australia, shaping the landscape and impacting the evolution of its species.(数千年来，火灾一直是澳大利亚的一个常规自然过程，塑造了景观，影响了物种的进化)”说明火灾在澳大利亚长期存在并深刻影响生态演化。下文“That is to say, fire has become a fundamental ecological force.(也就是说，火已经成为一种基本的生态力量)”进一步解释说明，即火已成为一种基本的生态力量。空处承上启下，强调火灾在环境中的基础性地位。所以C项“火长期以来一直是澳大利亚环境的一部分”​ 符合语境。C选项中的“long been part of” 与前文“for thousands of years”相呼应。 72．上文“The continent is naturally hot and dry.(这片大陆自然炎热干燥)”说明澳大利亚气候炎热干燥。下文“Thus, forests there are exceptionally flammable (易燃的).(因此，那里的森林非常易燃)”用thus表因果，说明因此森林极易燃烧。空处需补充导致干燥加剧的原因。所以E项“这种情况常常因降雨量少的气候周期而加剧。”​ 符合语境。E 选项中的“this”指代前文的炎热干燥气候，低降雨周期进一步增加了可燃性。 73．下文“Many of the native plants, particularly the dominant eucalyptus forests, are naturally flammable.(许多本土植物，特别是占主导地位的桉树林，天生易燃)”说明澳大利亚本土植被本身易燃。空处和下文为总分关系，概括植被特性助长火势。所以G项“澳大利亚灌木丛本身的特点助长了火势的蔓延。”​符合语境。G 项中的“the nature of the Australian bush”统领后文桉树的具体例子。 74．上文“Bush fires can start from natural causes, with lightning strikes being the most common during dry thunderstorms.(丛林大火可能是由自然原因引起的，在干燥的雷暴期间，雷击是最常见的)”说明自然因素是起火原因之一。空处后文“These can range from accidental events like small burning pieces from machinery or fallen power lines, to carelessly managed campfires, and also include acts of setting fires on purpose.(这些事件可能包括意外事件，如机器或掉落的电线上的小碎片燃烧，也可能是管理不善的营火，还包括故意纵火的行为)”列举的都是人为原因。空处和前文为并列递进关系，引出另一类起火原因。所以F项“人类活动是许多火灾的另一个主要原因。”​ 符合语境。F项中的“the other major cause”与前文“natural causes”形成逻辑上的并列补充。 75．上文“The effects can be disastrous, as survivors face a landscape lacking food and shelter.(这些影响可能是灾难性的，因为幸存者面临着缺乏食物和住所的局面)”说明幸存动物面临生存环境恶化。空处和前文为因果解释关系，具体说明缺乏食物和庇护所带来的后果。所以D项“这意味着他们有饥饿和被猎杀的风险。”​ 符合语境。D项中的they指代前文的“survivors”， hunger对应“lacking food”， “being hunted”对应“lacking shelter”。 六．语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 28, 2025, central Myanmar suffered from a strong 7.9 earthquake 76 caused major damage in the area. The center of the earthquake was near the country’s second-largest city Mandalay. 2,719 people were killed in the disaster and 4,521 people 77 (injure). The disaster unfolded in two phases: the first earthquake destroyed buildings, roads and 78 (bridge), while aftershocks continued to cause problems. The earthquake happened along the Sagaing Fault (实皆断层), 79 place where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates meet. Over many years, pressure built up between the plates and caused this earthquake 80 last. Meanwhile, Myanmar’s old buildings made of wood and mud were not strong enough to withstand the earthquake, and this made the situation even worse. Countries around the world responded 81 (immediate). China was one of them, 82 (provide) medical supplies, shelter materials, and special equipment. With more rescue resources reaching the area, the situation got greatly improved. The rescuers found 83 easier to carry out the tasks. The people there also jumped into actions. Adults cleared the roads, planted crops in temporary fields and helped the rescuers. Children returned to school in tents. The earthquake not only showed Myanmar’s weaknesses, 84 also showed the 85 (strong) of the people and the world’s support. Myanmar’s people are determined to rebuild their lives and hope for a better future. 【答案】76．which/that 77．were injured 78．bridges 79．the 80．at 81．immediately 82．providing 83．it 84．but 85．strength/strengths 【导语】文章主要讲述了2025年缅甸中部强震造成的破坏及各方的救援行动。 【详解】76．考查定语从句。句意：2025年3月28日，缅甸中部发生7.9级强震，给该地区造成重大破坏。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that。 77．考查动词语态。句意：2719人在灾难中丧生，4521人受伤。本空作谓语，根据上文were可知用一般过去时，主语4,521 people与injure之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，injure的过去分词是injured。 78．考查名词复数。句意：灾难分两个阶段展开：第一次地震摧毁了建筑物、道路和桥梁，余震继续造成问题。本空与buildings，roads并列作destroy的宾语，应用名词bridge的复数形式，表示不止一座桥梁。 79．考查冠词。句意：地震发生在实皆断层，印度板块和欧亚板块在此交汇。本空修饰名词place，表示特指印度板块和欧亚板块的交汇处，应用定冠词the。 80．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，板块之间的压力不断积累，最终引发了这次地震。表示“最终”，用at last，本空用介词at。 81．考查副词。句意：世界各国立即作出反应。本空修饰动词responded，作状语，用副词immediately“立即”。 82．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是其中之一，提供了医疗用品、避难所材料和特殊设备。本句已有谓语was，空格需用非谓语动词；provide与逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。 83．考查形式宾语。句意：救援人员发现执行任务更容易了。本空作find的宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语to carry out the tasks，用形式宾语it。 84．考查连词。句意：地震不仅暴露了缅甸的弱点，也显示了人民的力量/优势和世界的支持。not only...but also...为固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 85．考查名词。句意：地震不仅暴露了缅甸的弱点，也显示了人民的力量/优势和世界的支持。本空作show的宾语，与weaknesses并列，应用名词strength的复数形式strengths，表示“优势，长处”。或者本空表示“力量”用不可数名词strength。 七．写作（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”的演讲活动，请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2. 应掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备； 3. 自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】   Good morning, everyone! Today I want to talk about how to deal with natural disasters. Natural disasters can happen at any time. They often cause a heavy loss of life and damage. How should we deal with them? First of all, we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them. Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. As the old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份以主题“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】  1. 词汇积累 处理：deal with → address 引起：cause → give rise to 充分的：adequate → sufficient 镇静的：calm→ composed 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Natural disasters can happen at any time. 拓展句：Natural disasters, which can cause great damage, can happen at any time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. (运用了“Only+状语”位于句首的部分倒装结构) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司12 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元自测卷（人教版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（基础题）和第Ⅱ卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一．单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1.The eruption of this _________ (火山)would be destructive. 2.The rising price of fuel is largely a result of an independence between _______(供应) and demand. 3.They escaped through an __________(紧急)exit and called the police. 4.If you choose an article in French ,please still write your ___________(概要). 5.I tried to persuade him , but with little or no __________(效果). 6.The president will _____________(发表) a speech on education. 7.My mother often reminds me ,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,and I need that advice frequently. 8.Mary __________(轻拍)her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 9.In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones(旋风),while in the Atlantic are typically called ________(飓风). 10.The plane _________(坠毁)mysteriously near the island. 二．单词变形（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 11.If cancers are spotted early, there is a high chance of __________(survive). 12.There is worldwide concern about the_________(destroy) of the rainforests. 13.I was looking for my handbag, which _________(bury) under a pile of books . 14.The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish________(trap) in the ice. 15.Thanks to recent research ,_________(effect) treatments are available. 16.We are moved into a cabin with________(electric) but no running water. 17.The dam broke down and as a result the land________(flood). 18.He felt too _______(shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down. 19.Dry hair can_______(damage)by washing it too frequently. 20.Most parts of African countries have suffered from________(dry) in recent years. 21.At least one well had some smelly gas ________(come)out of it. 22.Mike ran out of the fields looking for places_______(hide),and fish jumped out of the water. 23.But city’s one million people _______(be) asleep as usual that night. 24.Two ______(three) of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 25.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ________(be) more than 400,000. 26.Water, food and electricity were hard ______(get). 27.Soon after the quakes ,the army sent 150,000soilders to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and ____(bury) the dead. 28.Indian_______(office)said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. 29.Another 254 were found _______(die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. 30.In southern Thailand,1,900 people _______(hurt)and many more were missing ,local officials said. 三．短语填空（10分） 31.Strong winds just_______ __most of the dust.（吹散） 32.Now I can walk to work __________ going by car.（代替，而不是） 33.It you don’t know a word, _______ it_______ in the dictionary.（查阅） 34.The city police ________ roadblocks to check passing vehicles.（设立） 35.In other words, you are treating the workers _______ they were machines.（仿佛） 36.She looked at her son________, waiting for him to tell her that she had misunderstood everything .（吃惊） 37.That afternoon, the squirrel came to our backyard ________（像往常一样） 38.The firefighters _______the big fire, though the burning building might fall down at any moment.（冲进） 39.Earthquakes can leave cities and countries ________ .(废墟) 40.People often hope all good things won’t _____________.（结束） 第Ⅱ卷 四．完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） I arrived at this village in Asia two weeks ago with a group of classmates from Ohio University. You might have seen the news talking about the 41 . We are here to help them 42 from the recent typhoon. Although we were told what we might expect, it was still a bit 43 to get used to the gravity (严重性) of the situation. For example, we have to 44 water every day to have something safe to drink. Also, there is no extra 45 , so we have to stay in tents. There is also no 46 , which means that there are no refrigerators or lights. In addition to providing food for the 47 , we must also feed ourselves, which takes some creativity as we must 48 over a fire and most days see a heavy rainfall. 49 , we have been able to make adjustment and are doing well. In addition to helping 50 the village and save the harvest, we have also been doing 51 development work. The farmers used to go to the well every morning to get 52 for their fields. We helped 53 a new irrigation canal (灌溉渠), so now watering their fields is 54 . Hopefully, we can work on other 55 to improve the infrastructure (基础建设) of the village before we leave. 41．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behavior 42．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer 43．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange 44．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research 45．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing 46．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere 47．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers 48．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing 49．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually 50．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend 51．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term 52．A．paper B．power C．water D．help 53．A．give up B．put up C．pick up D．use up 54．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder 55．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles 五． 阅读理解（满分40分） A Campus ResourcesBookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 56．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 57．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 58．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. B Can you survive an unannounced storm? Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cell phones, there’re still some examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise. While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time, endangering everyone and everything in their path. There’ve been oil workers trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Field archeologists (野外考古学家) have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning. It wasn’t but a few decades ago that a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise. There’ve been a few cases when travellers were trapped on an island or in a coastal area and unable to escape in time. Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us — but not for all. Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without so much as a public shelter to hide in. Most ride out the storm in their homes. But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense. If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks, you should always carry a flashlight with extra batteries, a GPS device, and a basic medical box. If you’re travelling in your car,remember you may suffer from high winds. You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car. Keeping your head and your courage up is important to survival in any type of danger. Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 59．According to the text, most Atlantic hurricanes ______. A．form in the Caribbean Sea B．come from Gulf of Mexico C．develop off the coast of Africa D．are from the Pacific Ocean 60．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The bad situations of oil workers. B．People trapped by sudden storms. C．The danger of travelling on an island. D．The Texas National Guard group. 61．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give some advice. B．To encourage travelling. C．To stress the danger of hurricanes. D．To give some warnings. 62．In which part of a website would you most probably find the text? A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture. C The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature never fails to impress with its power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, among the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough — average temperatures can hit 46℃. Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, the winter season offers much milder weather that is ideal for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, considered one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around -50℃, and the lowest ever recorded was -71.2℃ in 1924. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts for only three hours each day. Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish. Yet in summer, the weather turns surprisingly warm and wet—the summer temperatures can get up to 34℃. Not far away from Oymyakon lies Verkhoyansk, referred to as the “cold pole”. It holds the record for the largest annual temperature range on Earth-an astonishing 106℃. Winters are bitterly cold and extended — temperatures in January can reach as low as -70℃, while summers can reach 38℃. This area also offers the unique experience of polar days and polar nights. Closer to us, Xining in China is known for its sharp daily temperature changes, particularly in April. A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary. This quick change allows people to live through two different seasons in just one day. 63．What problem do strong winds bring to Araouane, Mali? A．They make winter weather much colder. B．They cause frequent sandstorms on the dry land. C．They lead to extremely high summer temperatures. D．They destroy the outdoor activity areas in winter. 64．Why do local people in Oymyakon eat raw fish? A．Because raw fish is delicious and popular. B．Because the daylight lasts for only three hours each day. C．Because it is a traditional food in their culture. D．Because the ground is frozen throughout the year. 65．What can we infer from the text about Xining in April? A．The lowest temperature. B．Light clothing to wear. C．Light and heavy clothing to prepare. D．Small temperature difference. 66．Which is the best title for the text? A．Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates. B．People’s Adaption to Extreme Climates. C．The Hottest and Coldest Places on Earth. D．Temperature Changes Around the World. D From 2025 to 2026, the global climate has shown an increasingly unstable trend, with frequent extreme weather events such as sudden heavy rainstorms, prolonged high temperatures, rare cold waves and strong unstable stormy weather sweeping across many regions. These climate disasters have caused huge losses to people’s lives and property, making “adaptation to extreme climate and scientific survival” a hot topic widely discussed by the public in 2026. Faced with frequent extreme weather, some people hold a negative attitude, believing that individual power is too small to resist natural disasters, so they do nothing to prepare. This kind of thought is extremely dangerous. In fact, every individual can take simple and effective measures to protect themselves and their families. For instance, families can prepare special emergency survival supplies containing bottled water, compressed biscuits, flashlights, batteries, first-aid supplies and warm blankets, which can support life for 3 to 5 days when trapped by disasters. Others over-rely on government rescue and modern scientific and technological means, ignoring individual subjective initiative. While government rescue teams and advanced weather forecast systems play a key role in disaster prevention and relief, they often need time to arrive at disaster areas. During this period, individual survival awareness and skills determine whether people can survive safely. For example, in the sudden urban flooding caused by heavy rain, people who know to avoid lowland areas, underground spaces and fast - flowing water are far less likely to be in danger. Scientific survival in the context of extreme climate requires the joint efforts of individuals, communities and the government. Individuals should take the initiative to learn climate survival knowledge and participate in community emergency training; communities should establish disaster early warning mechanisms and set clear escape routes and shelters; the government should strengthen infrastructure construction to resist disasters and spread useful life-saving knowledge through media, communities and schools. Extreme climate is a severe challenge faced by all mankind, but it is not unconquerable. As long as everyone establishes a sense of crisis, masters scientific survival methods, and makes sufficient preparations, we can greatly reduce the harm caused by extreme weather. Protecting ourselves in extreme climate is not only responsible for our own lives, but also a kind of social responsibility to maintain social stability. 67．What extreme weather phenomena are mentioned in the text? A．Earthquakes and tsunamis. B．Heavy rainstorms and high temperatures. C．Volcanic eruptions and mudslides. D．Sandstorms and droughts. 68．Why does the author think relying only on government rescue is not enough? A．Government rescue is often inefficient. B．Government rescue cannot cover all disaster areas. C．Rescue teams need time to arrive, and individual skills matter during this period. D．Modern technology is more reliable than government rescue. 69．What is the author’s attitude towards dealing with extreme climate disasters? A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 70．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Extreme Climate: A Global Disaster. B．Individual Preparation: Key to Survival in Extreme Weather. C．Government Rescue: The Only Hope for Disasters. D．Challenges of Global Climate Change. E For thousands of years, fire has been a regular natural process in Australia, shaping the landscape and impacting the evolution (进化) of its species. 71 That is to say, fire has become a fundamental ecological force. Australia’s tendency for severe bush fires is a combination of climate, landscape, and ignition sources. The continent is naturally hot and dry. 72 Thus, forests there are exceptionally flammable (易燃的). Strong winds also play a part, carrying burning pieces long distances to start new fires far ahead of the main front. 73 Many of the native plants, particularly the dominant eucalyptus forests, are naturally flammable. Eucalyptus trees are rich in volatile (挥发的) oils that can turn into gas at high temperatures, creating a highly flammable atmosphere. These trees also drop large amounts of bark and leaves, which build up on the forest floor as a thick layer of fuel. The final element is the source that starts bush fires. Bush fires can start from natural causes, with lightning strikes being the most common during dry thunderstorms. 74 These can range from accidental events like small burning pieces from machinery or fallen power lines, to carelessly managed campfires, and also include acts of setting fires on purpose. The ecological harm of severe bush fires is huge, affecting wildlife, plant life, and the broader environment. For animals, the immediate impact is often deadly, as fast-moving fires endanger mobile species. The effects can be disastrous, as survivors face a landscape lacking food and shelter. 75 A．Australia has a high forest coverage rate. B．Australian plants and animals can survive fires. C．Fire has long been part of Australia’s environment. D．That means they are at risk of hunger and being hunted. E．This is often worsened by climatic cycles of low rainfall. F．Human activities are the other major cause of many fires. G．The nature of the Australian bush itself helps fires spread. 六．语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 28, 2025, central Myanmar suffered from a strong 7.9 earthquake 76 caused major damage in the area. The center of the earthquake was near the country’s second-largest city Mandalay. 2,719 people were killed in the disaster and 4,521 people 77 (injure). The disaster unfolded in two phases: the first earthquake destroyed buildings, roads and 78 (bridge), while aftershocks continued to cause problems. The earthquake happened along the Sagaing Fault (实皆断层), 79 place where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates meet. Over many years, pressure built up between the plates and caused this earthquake 80 last. Meanwhile, Myanmar’s old buildings made of wood and mud were not strong enough to withstand the earthquake, and this made the situation even worse. Countries around the world responded 81 (immediate). China was one of them, 82 (provide) medical supplies, shelter materials, and special equipment. With more rescue resources reaching the area, the situation got greatly improved. The rescuers found 83 easier to carry out the tasks. The people there also jumped into actions. Adults cleared the roads, planted crops in temporary fields and helped the rescuers. Children returned to school in tents. The earthquake not only showed Myanmar’s weaknesses, 84 also showed the 85 (strong) of the people and the world’s support. Myanmar’s people are determined to rebuild their lives and hope for a better future. 七．写作（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”的演讲活动，请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2. 应掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备； 3. 自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司12 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $