Unit 1 People of Achievement一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第一册（人教版）

高中选修一人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修一Unit1 People of Achievement 单元词汇总览 physiology/,fizi'olad3in.生理academy/e'kaedami/n.(艺术、录；（用力）拔出 学：生理机能 文学、科学等的)研究院：学会：wormwood/w3mw心d/n.蒿：洋 artemisinin/,a:tr'mi:snm/n.[药]专科院校 艾 青蒿素 academic/.eka'demk/adj.学y业boil /bor/t.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮 crucial/'kau/adj.至关重要的；的：学术的 开；烧开；n.沸腾；沸点 关键性的 objective /ab'd3ektv/n.日标；目liquid/'likwid/n.液体；ad.液 malaria/ma'learia/n.疟疾 的：adj.客观的 体的：液态的 vital/vart/adj.必不可少的：极botanical /ba'taenikl/adj.植物学obtain/b'tenm/t.(尤指经努 其重要的：充满生机的 的 力)获得：赢得：vi.(规章、习 committed /ka'mrtd/adj.尽心尽 evaluate/'vaeljuert/.t.评价：评俗等)存在：流行 力的：坚定的；坚信的 估 acknowledge/k'nDld/t.承认 commit /k3'mrt/t.承诺：保证；property /'prppati/n.性质；特（属实、权威等）：（公开）感谢 vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、征：财产 defeat/dr'fi:t/n.失败：挫败：t. 活动等) distinct/.d'stkt/ad.清晰的：清击败：战胜 commit oneself to(sth/doing楚的；有区别的 analyse (NAmE-ze)/'aenalaIz/vt. sth/do sth)承诺；保证（做某extract/'ekstraekt//n.提取物：摘分析 事、遵守协议或安排等) 录：k'stkt/t.提取：提炼：摘 易错词汇精讲 l.commit /ka'mit/t.承诺：保证；vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等） ·易错点：commit oneself to结构中to为介词，易误接动词原形，需接名词、代词或动名词。 ·精讲：commit作“承诺”时，常用搭配commit oneself to(doing)sth.,其中to是介词，后接动 名词形式。 ·例句：He committed himself to helping the poor.(他承诺帮助穷人。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：She has committed herself to (finish)the task by Friday..(答案：finishing) 2.extract/'ekstrakt/n.提取物：摘录：k'straekt//t.提取；提炼 ·易错点：易混淆名词/动词词性及发音，名词发音为/ekstraekt/,动词为/k'straekt/。 ·精讲：作名词时指“提取物”或“摘录”，作动词时表示“提取”或“摘录”，需根据语境区分 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 词性和发音。 ·例句：(1)This is an extract from the novel.(n.)(2)They extract oil from olives..(t.) ·真题链接：The (extract)of the plant has medicinal value..(答案：extract) 3.obtain/ob'ten/t.(尤指经努力)获得：赢得：vi.存在；流行 ·易错点：易与get,gain混淆，obtain更强调通过努力、正式程序或请求而获得。 ·精讲：obtain语气较正式，侧重通过努力或一定手段获得，而get较口语化，gain侧重获得利 益或好处。 ·例句：He obtained a scholarship to study abroad.(他获得了出国留学的奖学金。) ·真题链接：We need to (obtain)permission before entering the lab.(答案：obtain) 4.acknowledge/k'nold3/t.承认：感谢 ·易错点：后接宾语从句时易漏用tht,或混淆“承认”与“感谢”的用法。 ·精讲：表示“承认”时可接hat从句或名词，“感谢”时常用acknowledge sb.for sth.结构。 ·例句：(I)She acknowledged that she was wrong..(承认)(2)We acknowledged him for his help. (感谢) ·真题链接：He finally acknowledged (make)a mistake in the report.(答案：naking) 5.analyse (NAmE-Ze)/'enlarz/t.分析 ·易错点：美式拼写易误写为analyse(应为analyze),词尾-yse/-ze混淆。 ·精讲：英式拼写为analyse,美式拼写为analyze,人教版教材中通常标注NAmE-ze。 ·例句：We need to analyze the data carefully.(我们需要仔细分析数据。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一单元测试）：The scientists spent months (analyse) the results..(答案：analysing/analyzing） 6.distinct/dr'stkt/adj.清晰的；有区别的 ·易错点：易与distinctive混淆，distinct表示“清晰的；不同的”，distinctive表示“独特的”。 ·精讲：distinct强调“明显的：有区别的”，常用搭配be distinct from;distinctive侧重“独特的， 有特色的”。 ·例句：(I)The two ideas are distinct from each other.(2)Her voice is very distinctive. ·真题链接：The two species have (distinct)characteristics.(答案：distinct) 7.objective/ab'd3 ektiv/n.目标；adj.客观的 ·易错点：易混淆名词“目标”与形容词“客观的”用法，或误写为object(物体；反对)。 ·精讲：作名词时指“目标”，相当于goal:作形容词时表示“客观的”，反义词为subjective。 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·例句：(I)Our main objective is to win the game.(n.)(2)We need to make an objective decision. (adj.) ·真题链接：What is your (objective)for this semester?(答案：objective) 8.academic/.ek'demik/adj.学业的；学术的 ·易错点：易误用于指“学院的”（应为academic institution),或混淆与academy(学会：院校） 的词性。 ·精讲：academic为形容词，修饰名词如academic research(学术研究)；academy为名词，指 “研究院”或“专科院校”。 ·例句：He has made great achievements in academic field..(他在学术领域取得了巨大成就。) ·真题链接：She is studying in an (academy)of music.(答案：academy) 9.property/'prDpati/n.性质；财产 ·易错点：易混淆“性质”与“财产”的含义，或误用作不可数名词（指“财产”时为不可数，“性 质”时可数)。 ·精讲：表示“财产”时为不可数名词，“性质”时为可数名词，常用复数形式properties。 ·例句：(I)The plant has medicinal properties..(性质)(2)He lost all his property in the fire..(财产) ·真题链接：This material has special (property)that make it useful.(答案：properties) 10.defeat/dr'fit/n.失败：t.击败 ·易错点：易混淆名词“失败”与动词“击败”的用法，或误与beat混淆(defeat可接人或团队， beat通常接对手)。 ·精讲：作动词时直接接宾语，作名词时指“失败的状态”，常用suffer defeat搭配。 ·例句：(I)Our team was defeated in the final..(vt.)(2)The defeat made them sad.(n.) ·真题链接：They (defeat)the enemy in the battle.(答案：defeated) 11.crucial/'ku/adj.至关重要的 ·易错点：易误用于It is crucial+for sb.+do sth.结构（应为It is crucial for sb.to do sth..)。 ·精讲：常用句型It is crucial for sb.to do sth.或crucial that从句（从句用虚拟语气should+动词 原形，should可省略)。 ·例句：It is crucial for us to protect the environment.(保护环境对我们至关重要。) ·真题链接：It is crucial that we (stat)the project immediately..(答案：start/should start) 12.ital/'vatl/adj.必不可少的：极其重要的 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：易混淆固定搭配be vital to与be vital for,to后接名词，for后接动名词或名词。 ·精讲：表示“对…至关重要”时，be vital to sth.或be vital for(doing)sth.,to侧重对象，for 侧重目的。 ·例句：(I)Water is vital to life.(2)Exercise is vital for keeping healthy ·真题链接：This information is vital our decision-naking.(答案：to) 13.liquid/lkwd/n.液体；adj.液体的 ·易错点：易误用作不可数名词（指“液体”时为可数，可加$；泛指“液态”时为不可数）。 ·精讲：作可数名词时指具体的液体种类，不可数时指“液态”这一状态。 ·例句：(I)The bottle contains various liquids.(n.)(2)The substance is in liquid form.(adj.) ·真题链接：Please pour the (liquid)into the container.(答案：liquid) 14.commit oneself to(sth/doing sth)承诺：保证 ·易错点：反身代词oneself易根据主语人称漏用或误用，如主语为he时需用himself。 ·精讲：oneself需与主语人称一致，即I一nyself,you一yourself,he-himself等。 ·例句：You must commit yourself to what you promise.（你必须对自己的承诺负责。) 真题链接：They committed (they)to finishing the work on time.(答案：themselves) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The manager committed himself to the project by the end of this month. ●A.finish 。B.finishing 。C.finished ●D.to finish 2.The of the experiment showed that the new drug was effective. 。A.extract ●B.extracts 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·C.extracting ●D.extracted 3.It is crucial we take immediate action to solve the problem. ●A.for ●B.that ●C.to 。D.of 4.Water is vital all living things on Earth. ●A.to ·B.for 。C.with ●D.at 5.The scientists spent three months the data collected from the field. ●A.analyse ·B.analysing ●C.analysed 。D.to analyse 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The two cultures have (有区别的)traditions and customs. 2.Our main (this year is to improve customer satisfaction. 3.She has made great achievements in the (学术的)field. 4.This material has special (性质)that make it suitable for medical use. 5.The team suffered a heavy (失败)in the final match. 3.三、首字母填空 1.You need to o permission from the teacher before leaving the classroom. 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 2.The company a his contribution to the project with a bonus. 3.The liquid was heated until it changed into a different s 4.It is c to read the instructions carefully before using the machine. 5.The property includes both the house and its s land. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.They committed (they)to helping the homeless during the winter. 2.The (analyse)of the samples took longer than expected. 3.He finally acknowledged (break)the window by accident. 4.It is vital for us (protect)the environment for future generations 5.The (defeat)team refused to give up and prepared for the next game. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.distinct 2.objective 3.academic 4.properties 5.defeat ·三、首字母填空 1.obtain 2.acknowledged 3.state 4.crucial 5.surrounding ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.themselves 2.analysis 3.breaking 4.to protect 5.defeated