Unit 3 Sea Exploration二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修4Unit3 Sea Exploration二 单元词汇总览 press conference短语记者招待coral/kpral/m.珊瑚 mercy/m3:sin.仁慈；宽恕：恩 会：新闻发布会 migration /mar'grem/h.迁移；迁惠 applaud /s'plo:dt.&vi.鼓掌徙：移居 possession /pa'zefn/n.[usually t.称赞；赞赏 directory/d'rektari/n.名录：电pl]个人财产；拥有：控制 tax/taeks/vt.对…征税：使纳话号码簿：（计算机文件或程序opponentp3 nant/n.反对者： 税n.税：税款 的)目录 对手：竞争者 manned /mand/adj.有人控制的： meanwhile/'mi:nwarl/ad.与此log/og;NAmE 15:g/t.把…载 需人操纵的 同时：（比较两方面）对比之下入正式记录：记录n.正式记录： submersible/sab'm3sabl/m.潜水exploit/k'sploit/vi.开发：利用：日志：原木 器；可潜船 剥削 narine /ma'rin/adj.海的：海产 underwater/,nds'wo:ta(r)/adv.gallon/'gaelan/n.加仑（容积单的：海生的 在水下ad.水下的 位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)arrest'rest/h.逮捕：拘留；中 capsule/'kapsju:l/n.胶囊；太空 murder/m3:dr)/t.谋杀；凶止t.逮捕：拘留：阻止 舱 杀：毁坏n.谋杀：凶杀 易错词汇精讲 1.tax /taeks/vt.对…征税：使纳税n.税：税款 ·易错点：易混淆动词含义“征税”与名词含义“税款”：作动词时易误加介词，如误写为taxo sth.（正确为tax sth.)。 ·精讲：作名词时常用搭配pay tax(纳税)，作动词时直接接宾语，如tax the rich(对富人征税)。 .The government plans to tax luxury goods heavily next year.(vt.)/He was fined for not paying his taxes on time.(n.) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习）：The new policy will (对…征税) imported cars to protect domestic industry..(答案：tax) 2.exploit /ik'splt/t.开发；利用：剥削 ·易错点：易混淆“利用”与“剥削”的含义，褒贬语境易误用；发音易误读为/'eksploit/(正确 重音在第二个音节)。 ·精讲：表示“开发资源、利用机会”时为中性，如exploit natural resources;表示“剥削”时为 贬义，如exploit workers。. 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·例句：We should exploit solar energy to reduce pollution.(开发)/The boss was accused of exploiting his employees..(剥j削) ·真题链接：It is wrong to child labor in any form.（答案：exploit) 3.possession /p3'zeh.[usually pl.]个人财产：拥有：控制 ·易错点：易忽略“财产”含义常用复数形式possessions;易混淆in possession of(拥有)与in the possession of(被…拥有)。 ·精讲：表示“财产”时必须用复数，如personal possessions;固定搭配sb.be in possession of sth.sth.be in the possession of sb.. ·例句：She lost all her possessions in the fire.(财产)/He is in possession of the rare painting.(拥 有) ·真题链接：The house is (in possession of in the possession of)Mr.Smith now. 案：in the possession of) 4.opponent/月p9 onant/m.反对者：对手；竞争者 ·易错点：易与competitor(单纯竞争者)混淆，opponent强调“立场对立的对手”；易误写为 opponant(漏写第二个p)。 ·精讲：指辩论、比赛中的“对手”，带有对抗性，如political opponent(政治对手)：competitor 侧重“竞争关系”。 ·例句：He defeated his opponent in the final match./Her main opponent in the election is a young politician ·真题链接：In the debate,.each tried to prove their point with facts.(答案：opponent) 5.log /log;NAmE 15:gt.把…载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录：日志；原木 ·易错点：易混淆“日志”与“原木”的含义；作动词“记录”时易误加dowm,如误写为log down sth.(正确为log sth.)。 ·精讲：作名词“日志”时常用搭配keep a log(记日志)：作动词时直接接宾语，如log the data (记录数据)。 ·例句：The captain logs the ship's speed every hour.(vt.)/We cut down a log to make a bench.(n. 原木) ·真题链接：Scientists (the temperature changes in the Arctic for ten years. (答 案：log） 6.arrest'rest/n.逮捕：拘留；中止t.逮捕；拘留；阻止 ·易错点：易混淆“逮捕”与“阻止”的含义：作名词时易误加冠词，如误写为make an arrest (正确，但常用under arrest)。 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·精讲：作动词“逮捕”时搭配arrest sb.for sth.;“阻止”时搭配arrest progress（阻止进展)：作 名词常用be under arrest(被捕)。 ·例句：The thief was arrested for stealing a wallet.(逮捕)/We must arrest the spread of the disease immediately.(阻止) ·真题链接：The suspect has been (逮捕)and will be questioned tomorrow.(答案： arrested) 7.meanwhile/'mi:nwar/adv.与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下 ·易错点：易误用作连词连接句子，如误写为I was reading,meanwhile he was watching TV.(正 确需加and或分号)。 ·精讲：作副词，单独使用时需用逗号与主句隔开，或用meanwhile+主谓结构。 ·例句：I was doing my homework;meanwhile,my brother was playing games../Meanwhile,the team is preparing for the next match ·真题链接：She was cooking in the kitchen, her husband was setting the table.(答案： Meanwhile) 8.capsule/'kapsju:lm.胶囊；太空舱 ·易错点：易混淆“胶囊”与“太空舱”的含义：拼写易漏写末尾的e,误写为ca即sul。 ·精讲：指“药物胶囊”时常用take a capsule（服用胶囊)：指“太空舱”时如space capsule。 ·例句：Take two capsules three times a day after meals.(胶囊)/The astronauts returned to Earth in the capsule.(太空舱) ·真题链接：The (太空舱)successfully landed on the moon after a three-day journey. (答案：capsule) 9.marine /me'ri:n/adj.海的海产的：海生的 ·易错点：易误用作名词“海洋”（正确名词为ocean/sea):易与maritime(海事的）混淆，marine 侧重“海生/海产”。 ·精讲：常用搭配marine life(海洋生物)，marine products(海产品)：maritime侧重“航海相 关”，如maritime law。 .Marine pollution is threatening the survival of many species./This restaurant specializes in marine delicacies. ·真题链接：The research team is studying (海生的)organisms in the deep sea.(答案： marine) 10.directory/da'rektari/n.名录；电话号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录 ·易错点：易混淆“电话号码簿”与“计算机目录”的含义：拼写易误写为diretory(漏写c)。 ·精讲：指“纸质名录”时如telephone directory:指“计算机目录”时为tech术语，如file directory。 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·例句：You can find his address in the company directory./The software stores data in the default directory. ·真题链接：Please save the document in the”Downloads” (目录)on your computer. (答案：directory) 11.mercy/'m3sim.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 ·易错点：易混淆固定搭配at the mercy of(受…支配)与show mercy to(对…仁慈)，介词 易误用。 ·精讲：at the mercy of表被动，如at the mercy of the storm(任凭风暴摆布)：show mercy to sb. =have mercy on sb. ·例句：The villagers were at the mercy of the cruel king./The judge showed mercy to the young criminal. ·真题链接：The sailors were (受…支配)of the rough sea and couldn't control the boat.(答案：at the mercy) 12.manned /maend/adj.有人控制的：需人操纵的 ·易错点：易误认为是man的过去式（正确过去式为manned,但此处为形容词)：易误写为maned (有鬃毛的)。 ·精讲：由动词man(配备人员)的过去分词转化为形容词，修饰交通工具，如manned spaceship (载人飞船)。 .China successfully launched its first manned lunar probe last year./This is a manned submarine, not an autonomous one. ·真题链接：The (有人控制的)mission to Mars is scheduled to start in2030.(答案： manned) 13.migration /mar'gren/h.迁移：迁徙；移居 ·易错点：易与动词migrate(迁移)混淆，词性易误用；拼写易漏写中间的i,误写为migraton。 ·精讲：名词，常用搭配bird migration(鸟类迁徙)，migration from rural areas(从农村移居)：动 词为migrate。 .The annual migration of salmon is a spectacular natural phenomenon./Many people migrate to cities for better jobs.(动词) ·真题链接：The (of elephants is influenced by changes in climate and food sources. (答案：migration) 14.applaud'plbd/t.&vi.鼓掌t.称赞：赞赏 ·易错点：易混淆“鼓掌”与“称赞”的含义；作“称赞”时易误加介词，如误写为applaud for sb.(正确为applaud sb./sth.)。 ·精讲：作不及物 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The government plans to imported cars to increase revenue. ●A.tax on ●B.tax 。C.taxing ●D.taxed 2.It is unethical to workers by paying them very low wages. ·A.exploit ●B.explore ·C.export ·D.explode 3.The old man lost all his in the flood last summer. ·A.possession ●B.possessions ●C.possess ●D.possessed 4.In the debate,each tried to prove their point with strong evidence. ·A.competitor 。B.opponent 。C.partner 。D.colleague 5.The captain the ship's position in the logbook every hour. ·A.logs 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ●B.log down 。C.logging ·D.logged down 6.The police the thief for stealing a mobile phone. ●A.arrested ●B.arrest ●C.arresting ●D.be arrested 7.She was reading a novel; her brother was playing video games. ·A.while ·B.meanwhile 。C.but ●D.however 8.The successfully returned to Earth after a 300-day space mission. ●A.capsule 。B.cap ·C.case ●D.container 9. life in the ocean is facing serious threats from plastic pollution. ●A.Marine ●B.Maritime ●C.Ocean 。D.Sea 10.You can find the company's contact information in the telephone 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·A.directory ●B.direction ●C.director ·D.direct 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The new policy will (对…征税)luxury goods to reduce consumption 2.We should (renewable energy instead of relying on fossil fuels. 3.She kept her personal (财产)in a safe box. 4.The (in the final match was much stronger than expected 5.The scientist has been (记录)climate data for over20 years, 6.The suspect was at the airport when trying to leave the country. 7.I was doing my homework; (与此同时)，my sister was listening to music. 8.Take two (胶囊)three times a day after meals. 9.The research focuses on protecting (海生的)animals in the coral reef. 10.Please save the file in the "Documents" (目录)on your computer.. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The government plans to t_ sugary drinks to fight obesity. 2.Some companies e child labor to cut production costs. 3.After the fire,she had no p. left except the clothes she was wearing. 4.His main o in the election withdrew due to health problems. 5.The scientist 1 the temperature changes in the lab every hour. 6.The police a the suspect after a two-week investigation 7.I was cooking dinner;m my husband was setting the table. 8.The a returned to Earth safely in the space c 9.M pollution is harmful to fish and other sea creatures. 10.You can find his phone number in the company d_ 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 1.The government decided (tax)tobacco products more heavily 2.The boss was accused of (exploit)his employees. 3.She lost all her (possess)in the earthquake. 4.He defeated all his (opponent)in the tennis tournament. 5.The captain (log)the ship's speed every hour during the voyage. 6.The thief (arrest)by the police yesterday. 7. (meanwhile),the team is working on a new project. 8.The (capsule)will carry three astronauts to the space station. 9. (marine)biologists are studying the effects of climate change on sea turtles. 10.The file is stored in the default (directory)of the computer. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3B4.B5.A6.A7B8.A9.A10.A ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.tax 2.exploit 3.possessions 4.opponent 5.logging 6.arrested 7.meanwhile 8.capsules 9.marine 10.di- rectory ·三、首字母填空 1.tax 2.exploit 3.possessions 4.opponent 5.logs 6.arrested 7.meanwhile 8.astronauts,capsule 9.Marine 10.directory ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.to tax 2.exploiting 3.possessions 4.opponents 5.logged 6.was arrested 7.Meanwhile 8.capsule 9.Ma- rine 10.directory