Unit 1 Science and Scientists 三-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修2Unit1 Science and Scientists 单元词汇总览 aerospace/'earauspeis/n.航空航leadership/'li:dap/n.领导；领astronomy/A'strpnami/n.天文学 天工业 导地位：领导才能 telescope/'teliskaup/n.望远镜 patriotic/.pertri'Dtik/adj.爱国的trace/treIs/t.追溯；追踪；查出besides/bI'saIdz/prep.除…之 mechanical /m3'kenk/adj.机械n.痕迹：遗迹；踪迹 外（还adv.而且：此外 的：发动机的；机器的 outstanding/aot'staendr/adj.优brilliant/'briliant/ad.聪颖的： mechanic /m'kenk/n.机械师；秀的：杰出的：明显的 绝妙的：明亮的 机械修理工 gifted/'gftd/adj.有天赋的：有furthermore/f3:a'mo:r)/adv break out短语（战争、打斗等不天才的：天资聪慧的 此外：再者 愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 come down短语患（病）：染上above all短语最重要的是：尤其 aviation/,eIvi'erfn/n.航空制造（小病） 是 业：航空：飞行 abstract/'ebstraekt/adj.抽象的；fault/fo:lt/n.弱点；过错 defend/d'fend/t.保卫：防守；理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要 shift /fft/n.改变；转换；轮班 辩解 steady/'sted/adj.稳定的；平稳vi.&vt.转移：挪动：转向 jet/d3et/n.喷气式飞机 的：稳步的 ivid/'vrvid/adj..生动的：鲜明 assistant/A'sIstant/n.助理；助手concept/,'kpnsept/n.概念；观念的：丰富的 in charge of短语主管：掌管 astronomer /'stronama(r)/n. missile/'misal/n.导弹 文学家 易错词汇精讲 1.abstract/'aebstraekt/adj.抽象的：理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要 ·易错点：易混淆形容词含义与名词含义；发音易误读为/'ebstraekt/（名词)和/eb'straekt/(动 词)，需注意多词性发音差异。 ·精讲：作形容词时表示“抽象的”，如abstract concept(抽象概念)：作名词时指“摘要”，如 write an abstract(写摘要)：作动词时意为“提取”，教材中较少涉及。 ·例句：Abstract art is difficult for some people to understand.(抽象艺术对有些人来说难以理解。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习)：Please write a200-word (摘要)of the article after reading.(答案：abstract). 2.besides/br'saidz/prep.除…之外（还）adv.而且；此外 ·易错点：易与except混淆，besides表示“包含在内”，except表示“排除在外”。 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·精讲：作介词时，Besides English,he studies French.(除英语外，他还学法语，英语包含在内)： except则为He studies no foreign languages except English.(除英语外他不学其他外语，英语排 除在外)。 ·例句：Besides literature,we have to study history and philosophy.(除文学外，我们还得学历史和 哲学。) ·真题链接： math,she also likes physics and chemistry..(答案：Besides) 3.defend/dl'fend/vt.保卫；防守：辩解 ·易错点：易混淆defend与protect,.defend强调“抵御攻击”，protect强调“保护免受伤害”；固 定搭配defend.against/from易漏介词。 ·精讲：defend the country against enemies(保卫国家抵御敌人)：protect children from danger(保 护孩子远离危险)。 ·例句：We must defend our rights as citizens.(我们必须捍卫公民权利。) ·真题链接：The soldiers fought bravely to (保卫)their homeland..(答案：defend) 4.fault /fo:lt/n.弱点：过错 ·易错点：易误写为mistake,fault侧重“责任或性格上的缺陷”，mistake侧重“行为上的错误”； 固定搭配at fault(有责任)易误用。 ·精讲：It's my fault that we missed the train.(我们误了火车是我的错，强调责任)；make a mistake (犯错误)。 ·例句：He has many faults,but honesty is not one of them.(他有很多缺点，但诚实不是其中之一。) ·真题链接：Who is (有责任)for the accident?(答案：at fault) 5.gifted/'gftd/adj.有天赋的：有天才的 ·易错点：易误用为talent(名词)，忽略be gifted in搭配中介词im;易误写为gift(名词，礼物)。 ·精讲：be gifted in sth/doing sth.(在某方面有天赋)，如She is gifted in music.(她有音乐天赋)： talent为名词，如have a talent for。 ·例句：The gifted pianist won the first prize in the competition..(这位有天赋的钢琴家赢得了比赛 一等奖。) ·真题链接：Heis (有天赋的)in painting and wants to be an artist.(答案：gifted) 6.shift /fft/n.改变；转换；轮班vi.&t.转移：挪动；转向 ·易错点：易混淆shit与change,shif侧重“位置或方向的移动”，change侧重“性质或状态的 改变”；作名词“轮班”时易误写为tum。 ·精讲：shift the focus(转移焦点)：work in shifts(轮班工作)：change the plan(改变计划)。 ·例句：The wind shifted from east to north.(风向从东转向北。) 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：We need to (转换)our attention to the next problem.(答案：shift) 7.steady /'stedr/adj.稳定的；平稳的 ·易错点：易误写为stedy(字母顺序错误)：固定搭配steady increase(稳步增长)易误用为stable, steady更强调“持续的平稳”。 ·精讲：steady progress(稳步进步)：stable prices(稳定的价格)，stable侧重“不变化”。 ·例句：The patient's condition is now steady.(病人的病情现在稳定了。) ·真题链接：The economy has maintained a (平稳的)growth rate this year. (答案： steady） 8.trace/treis/vt.追溯：追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 ·易错点：易混淆动词和名词含义，作动词时“追溯”后接to,如trce.to.(追溯到)：作名词 时“痕迹”易误写为track。 ·精讲：trace the origin to ancient times(追溯起源到古代)：find traces of blood(发现血迹)：track 侧重“路径”，如animal tracks(动物足迹)。 ·例句：The custom can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty.(这个习俗可追溯到明朝。) ·真题链接：The police are trying to (追踪)the missing child.(答案：trace) 9.above all短语最重要的是；尤其是 ·易错点：易与first of all混淆，above all强调“重要性”，first of all强调“顺序”。 ·精讲：above all用于列举时突出最重要的一点，如We need to be honest,reliable,.and above all,. responsible.(我们要诚实、可靠，最重要的是有责任心)；first of all意为“首先”，如First of all,let's introduce ourselves. ·例句：When learning a language,we must practice,and above all,speak it often.(学语言时，我们 必须练习，尤其是要常说。) ·真题链接： (最重要的是)，you should keep calm in an emergency.(答案：Above all). 10.come down短语患（病）：染上（小病） ·易错点：易误用为get down(下来)，come down with后接疾病名词，易漏with。 ·精讲：come down with a cold(感冒)；get down则为He got down from the tree.(他从树上下 来)。 ·例句：She came down with a fever after working too hard.(她因工作太累发烧了。) ·真题链接：He (染上)a bad cold and had to stay in bed.(答案：came down with) l1.in charge of短语主管：掌管 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：易与in the charge of混淆，in charge of主语是人（主动管理），in the charge of主语是 物（被管理）。 ·精讲：He is in charge of the project.(他主管这个项目，人作主语)：The project is in the charge of him.(项目由他主管，物作主语)。 ·例句：Who is in charge of the company's marketing department?(谁主管公司的市场部？) ·真题链接：Mr.Li (主管)the research team now.(答案：is in charge of) 12.brilliant/'briliant//adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 ·易错点：易误写为brillant(字母顺序错误)：易与bright混淆，brilliant程度更强，指“卓越 的”，bright侧重“光线亮或头脑聪明”。 ·精讲：a brilliant scientist(杰出的科学家)：a bright room（明亮的房间)。 ·例句：Her brilliant idea solved the problem completely..(她的绝妙主意彻底解决了问题。) ·真题链接：The student gave a (绝妙的)answer to the question.(答案：brilliant) 13.furthermore/f3:δa'm:r)/adv.此外：再者 ·易错点：易误写为further more(错误拆分)，该词为副词，需连写：易与besides混淆，furthermore 更正式，强调递进关系。 ·精讲：用于句首或句中，前后用逗号隔开，如He is clever,furthermore,he works hard.(他聪明， 再者，他工作努力)。 ·例句：The house is too small,,and furthermore,it's too far from the city..(这房子太小，而且离市 区太远。) ·真题链接：The plan is practical; (此外)，it's cost-effective.(答案：furthermore) 14.shift/ft/n.改变：转换：轮班vi.&t.转移：挪动：转向 ·易错点：易混淆shit与change,shift侧重“位置或方向的移动”，change侧重“性质或状态的 改变”；作名词“轮班”时易误写为tm ·精讲：shift the focus(转移焦点)：work in shifts(轮班工作)：change the plan(改变计划)。 ·例句：The wind shifted from east to north.(风向从东转向北。) ·真题链接：We need to (转换)our attention to the next problem.(答案：shift) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The of the research paper should summarize its main findings briefly. ●A.abstract 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 。B.concept ●C.theory ●D.summary math,we also have physics and chemistry this semester ·A.Except ●B.Besides ●C.Vithout 。D.Including 3.The soldiers were trained to the country against any possible attack. ·A.protect ●B.defend ●C.guard ●D.prevent 4.It was his own that he missed the important meeting. 。A.mistake ●B.eTor 。c.fault ·D.wrong 5.She is in music and has won several prizes in competitions. ·A.talent ·B.gifted ●C.skillful ·D.clever 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 6.You need to _your focus from problems to solutions. 。A.change ●B.shift ●C.move 。D.tm 7.The company has achieved a growth in sales over the past five years. ·A.steady ●B.stable ·C.fixed ●D.regular 8.The police are trying to the origin of the stolen goods. ●A.track ●B.trace 。C.follow ●D.hunt 9.When traveling, you should keep your personal belongings safe. 。A.first of all 。B.after all ●C.above all ·D.in all 10.He a fever last night and had to see a doctor. ●A.came down with ●B.got down to 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·C.put up with ●D.kept up with 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Please write a 300-word (摘要)for your experiment report. 2. (此外)，we need to consider the environmental impact of this project. 3.The lawyer tried to (辩解)his client's actions in court. 4.Who is (有责任)for the broken window? 5.The (绝妙的)idea helped the team win the innovation award. 6.The company's management decided to (转换)their business model.. 3.三、首字母填空 1.F the project will save us a lot of time and money. 2.The manager is i charge of the entire department. 3.Her b performance in the exam surprised everyone. 4.You can t the history of this tradition back to the 16th century. 5.Thes increase in prices has affected people's daily life 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She is (gift)in painting and dreams of becoming an artist 2.The wind (shift)suddenly,causing the boat to change direction 3.We need to find the person (fault)for the accident. 4.The (abstract)of the article should be no more than 200 words. 5.He (defend)his thesis successfully at the conference. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3B4.C5B6B7.A8B9.C10.A ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.abstract 2.Furthermore 3.defend 4.at fault 5 brilliant 6.shift ·三、首字母填空 1.Furthermore 2.in 3.brilliant 4.trace 5.steady 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.gifted 2.shifted 3.at fault 4.abstract 5.defended