Unit 1 People of Achievement三-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第一册（人教版）

高中选修一人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修一Unit1 People of Achievement 单元词汇总览 gentle/'d3ent/adj.温柔的：文静come to power(开始)掌权；上encounter/m'kavnta()/t.偶然 的 台 碰到；遇到；n.邂逅；遭遇 patent/'peitnt,.'ett/n.专利；institution/,Inst'tju:jn/n.社会professor /pr3'fesa()/n.教授 专利证书；获得专利；adj.有专公共机构：制度：习俗 mourn/m3n/t.&vi.哀悼；忧伤 利的：受专利保护的 institute/'strtju:t/n.（教育、专remarkable /rI'ma:kb/adj.非 passion/pen/n.酷爱；激情 业等)机构：机构建筑 凡的：显著的 doctorate/'doktarat/n.博士学位consequence/konsikwans/n.结device./d'vais/n.方法；技巧；装 extraordinary k'stro:dnri;果；后果 置；仪器 NAmE ik'stro:dari/adj.不一般take up a position担任；任职 sum/sm/vi.总结；概括；n.金 的：非凡的：意想不到的 moustache(especially US mus-额；款项；总数：总和 gradually/'gred3uali/adv.逐渐tache)m3'sta∫，NAmE'mAstaef sum up总结：概括 地；逐步地 n.上唇的胡子：髭 draft/dra:ft/n.草稿：草案；t. photoelectric /,fautaor'lektrik/peculiarity /pI,kju:li'rti/n.个起草；草拟 adj.光电的 性：特点；怪异的性质 易错词汇精讲 1.patent./'pertnt,'t/n.专利：专利证书：获得专利：adj.有专利的：受专利保护的 ·易错点：词性及发音易混淆，作名词/形容词时重音在第一音节/'pett/,作动词“获得专利”时 重音在第二音节/'pett:易误用作可数名词泛指“专利”时忽略复数形式。 ·精讲：作名词表示“专利证书”时可数，如a patent:表示“专利制度”时不可数。固定搭配 apply for a patent(申请专利)。 ·例句：This new invention has been granted a patent.(这项新发明已获得专利证书。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：The company decided to apply for a for its new device.(答案：patent) 2.consequence/'kpnsikwans/n.结果；后果 ·易错点：易与result混淆，consequence更强调“不良后果”，且常与介词of搭配；result可指 任何结果，搭配in/from。 ·精讲：固定搭配as a consequence=as a result(因此)：the consequence of.(…的后果)。 ·例句：Smoking can lead to serious health consequences..(吸烟会导致严重的健康后果。) 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：His carelessness had serious for the project..（答案：consequences). 3.encounter/m'kaonta()/t.偶然碰到；遇到：n.邂逅；遭遇 ·易错点：作动词时易误加介词with,如“encounter with sb.”为错误表达，直接接宾语；作名 词时需加with,即“have an encounter with sb.”。 ·精讲：动词强调“偶然遇见”，区别于meet(计划性见面)。 .(1)I encountered an old friend in the street yesterday.(vt.)(2)She had a pleasant encounter with her favorite author.(n.) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：During his travel,he many difficulties but never gave up.(答案：encountered) 4.susm/i.总结：概括；n.金额；款项；总数：总和 ·易错点：易混淆动词短语sum up（总结)与名词搭配a sum of（一笔…)：sum作动词时不 及物，需加up后接宾语。 ·精讲：sum up sth.=make a summary of sth.;a large sum of money(一大笔钱)。 ·例句：(I)The teacher asked us to sum up the main idea of the text.(vi,)(2)He spent a huge sum on his new house.(n.) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：Could you the key points of the meeting in five minutes?(答案：sum up) 5.draft/draf/n.草稿：草案：t.起草；草拟 ·易错点：作动词时易误加out,如“draft out a plan”为冗余表达，直接用“draft a plan”;名词 复数形式为drafts,易误写为draught(英式拼写，指“通风”)。 ·精讲：draft a document(起草文件)；first draft(初稿)。 ·例句：She is drafting a letter to her parents.(她正在给父母草拟一封信。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：The committee has prepared the first of the new policy.(答案：draft) 6.institution/.mstr'tju:fn/n.社会公共机构；制度：习俗 ·易错点：易与institute(n.机构建筑：研究院)混淆，institution侧重“长期存在的社会机构或 制度”，institute侧重“具体的研究/教育机构”。 ·精讲：educational institution(教育机构)：social institutions(社会制度)。 ·例句：Universities are important institutions for higher education.（大学是重要的高等教育机构。) ·真题链接：：（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：The family is the basic of society..(答 案：institution) 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 7.device/d'vais/n.方法：技巧：装置；仪器 ·易错点：易与devise(t.设计：发明)混淆，词性不同；device为可数名词，复数形式为devices. ·精讲：electronic device(电子装置)：a device for doing sth.(做某事的方法)。 ·例句：This new device can help people with hearing problems..(这种新装置能帮助听力有障碍的 人。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：Smartphones are now essential in our daily life.(答案：devices) 8.take up a position担任；任职 ·易错点：易误写为take a position,漏写up;position在此短语中意为“职位”，而非“位置”。 ·精讲：后接表示职位的名词，如take up a position as a professor(担任教授一职)。 ·例句：He took up a position as the manager of the company last year..(他去年担任了公司经理 职。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：After graduation,she as a teacher in her hometown..(答案：took up a position) 9.come to power(开始)掌权；上台 ·易错点：易误写为come into power(虽正确但教材常用come to power):power为不可数名词， 无复数形式；此短语无被动语态。 ·精讲：主语通常为政党或领导人，如The new government came to power in2020, ·例句：The party came to power after winning the election.(该党在选举获胜后开始掌权。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：The president in 2018 and has made great contributions since then.(came to power 10.mourn /mo:n/vt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤 ·易错点：作不及物动词时需加介词for/over,即“mourn for/over sb./sth.”:作及物动词时直接 接宾语，如“mourn sb.”。 ·精讲：mourn the death of sb.(哀悼某人的去世)；mourn for lost time(为逝去的时光忧伤)。 ·例句：The whole nation mourned the passing of the great leader.（全国哀悼这位伟大领袖的逝世。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：People gathered to for the victims of the accident..(答案：morn) 11.remarkable/r'ma:kabl/adj.非凡的：显著的 ·易错点：易与extraordinary混淆，remarkable侧重“值得注意的优秀”，extraordinary侧重“超 出常规的非凡”；常与介词for搭配，表示“因…而显著”。 ·精讲：be remarkable for sth.(因…而著称)。 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·例句：She is remarkable for her courage and determination.(她因勇气和决心而引人注目。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：Hs achievements in science have made him world-famous.(答案：remarkable) 12.peculiarity /pI,kju:li'rati/n.个性；特点；怪异的性质 ·易错点：易误写为peculiarity(正确拼写)，易与particular（ad.特别的)混淆，词性为名词， 指“个性；特点”。 ·精讲：强调独特或怪异的特征，如cultural peculiarities(文化特性)。 ·例句：One peculiarity of this region is its unusual architecture.(这个地区的一个特点是其独特的 建筑风格。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：The of his writing style makes his novels easily recognizable.(答案：peculiarity) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The company plans to apply for a to protect its new invention. ●A.patent ·B.consequence 。C.device ●D.draft 2.His reckless driving has led to serious for both himself and others. ●A.results ●B.consequences ●C.encounters ●D.sums 3.During the journey,they a group of tourists from Japan by chance ●A.net with 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·B.encountered with ●C.encountered 。D.met up 4.Could you please the main points of the report in three minutes? ●A.sum ·B.sum up ◆C.add up ●D.daft 5.The committee spent three months the new environmental policy. ●A.drafting out ●B.drafting 。C.drawing ·D.devising 6.Universities and hospitals are important social in modern society. ●A.institutes ●B.institutions ·C.devices ●D.patents 7.Smartphones are now essential for communication and work. ●A.devices ●B.devises ·C.tools ●D.nethods 8.After graduating from college,she as a lawyer in a famous firm 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·A.took a position ●B.took up a position ·C.got ajob ●D.made a career 9.The new government last year and has since introduced several reforms. ●A.came into power ●B.came to power ·C.took power ·D.got power 10.The whole nation the loss of the great scientist for three days. ●A.mourned for ●B.nourned over ●C.nourned ·D.sorrowed 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The inventor spent years developing the new product and finally got a_ (专利 2.We must face the (后果)of our actions,whether good or bad. 3.She had an unexpected with her childhood friend at the airport. 4.The teacher asked us to (the main idea of the passage after reading. 5.Please bring the first (草稿)of your essay to class tomorrow.. 6.The family is the most basic (社会机构in any culture.. 7.This electronic (can help monitor heart rate during exercise. 8.He (as the head of the department after his father re- tired. 9.The political party (掌权)in2020 and promised to improve people's lives. 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 10.People gathered in the square to (哀悼)the victims of the disaster. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The new technology has been granted a p to prevent others from copying it. 2.Asac of his laziness,he failed the final exam. 3.Ie an old classmate while walking in the park yesterday. 4.To save time,let'ss up the discussion and make a decision. 5.The first d of the contract needs to be revised before signing. 6.Schools and churches are important i in our community. 7.This smart d can translate languages in real time. 8.After returning from abroad,she t_ up a position as a professor at the university. 9.The president c_ to power in 2019 and has been working on economic reforms. 10.The whole country m. for the brave soldiers who lost their lives in the war. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company has applied for three (patent)for its new products. 2.Smoking can lead to serious health (consequence) 3.She (encounter)many difficulties during her studies but never gave up. 4.The teacher asked us to (sum)up the key points of the lesson. 5.They spent a month (draft)the new company policy. 6.Educational (institution)play a key role in shaping young minds. 7.These electronic (device)are widely used in daily life. 8.He (take)up a position as CEO of the company last year. 9.The party (come)to power after winning the majority of votes 10.The nation (mourn)the death of the respected leader for a week. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.B5B6B7.A8B9.B10.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.patent 2.consequences 3.encounter 4.sum 5.draft 6.institution 7.device 8.took up a position 9.came to power 10.mourn 高中选修一人教 寒假专版 ·三、 首字母填空 1.patent 2.consequence 3.encountered 4.sum 5.draft 6.institutions 7.device 8.took 9.came 10.mourned ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.patents 2.consequences 3.encountered 4.sum 5.drafting 6.institutions 7.devices 8.took 9.came 10.mourned