Unit 4 Natural disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·必修一Unit4 Natural disasters二 单元词汇总览 ruin/r:n/n.废墟：毁坏；t.buy/'ber/t.埋葬；安葬 苦、悲伤等)受苦：受难：受折 破坏；毁灭 calm /ka'm/t.&vi.(使)平磨；t.遭受；蒙受 in ruins严重受损：破败不堪 静：（使）镇定；adj.平静的；suffer from遭受；患病 survivor/sa'varva(r)/n.幸存者：镇静的：沉着的 unify/'ju:nfar/vi.&t.统一：（使） 生还者：残存物 calm down平静下来；镇定下来成一体 shock/okt.使震惊：使惊愕：effort/efat/n.努力：艰难的尝smart/smat/adj.聪明的：机敏 n.震惊：惊愕：休克 试：尽力 的：智能的 electricity/,lek'trIsrtr/n.电；电wisdom/'wIzdam/n.智慧；才智phone /faon/n.电话；电话机： 能 context/'kpntekst/n.上下文；语vt.&vi.打电话 trap /traep/t.使落入险境：使陷境 入圈套；n.险境：陷阱 suffer/sAfa(r)/vi.(因疾病、痛 易错词汇精讲 1.ruim/um/n.废墟；毁坏；t.破坏；毁灭 ·易错点：易混淆名词“废墟”（常用复数形式uins)与动词“毁灭”的用法；固定搭配in ruins 易误写为in ruin。 ·精讲：作名词表“废墟”时常用uins,如ancient ruins(古代废墟)；作动词时，主语多为事 物，如The storm ruined the crops..(暴风雨毁坏了庄稼)。 ·例句：The old city lay in ruins after the war.(战后这座古城成了一片废墟。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The heavy rain (毁坏)all the flowers in the garden..(答案：ruined) 2.shock/小Dkt.使震惊：使惊愕：n.震惊：惊愕；休克 ·易错点：作名词时，“震惊”为不可数名词，易误加复数：作动词时，主动语态主语多为事物， 被动语态主语为人。 ·精讲：固定搭配be shocked at/by sth.(对某事感到震惊)：in shock(处于震惊中)。 ·例句：(I)The news shocked the whole country.(这条新闻震惊了全国。)(2)She was in shock after hearing the bad news.(听到坏消息后，她处于震惊中。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：People were (震惊by the sudden accident.. (答案：shocked) 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 3.trap /traep/t.使落入险境：使陷入圈套：n.险境：陷阱 ·易错点：易混淆动词“使陷入”与名词“陷阱”的搭配：被动语态易漏写b动词，如误写为 trapped in而非be trapped in。 ·精讲：作动词时常用被动语态be trapped in（被困在…中)：作名词时，lay a trap for..（为 …设陷阱)。 ·例句：Many people were trapped in the burning building.(许多人被困在着火的大楼里。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The climbers (被困)on the mountain because of the heavy snow.(答案：were trapped) 4.calm /ka:m/t.&vi.(使)平静：（使）镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 ·易错点：易混淆形容词“平静的”与动词“使平静”的用法；固定搭配calm down易误写为 calm up。 ·精讲：作形容词时，be calm(保持冷静)：作动词时，calm sb.dowm(使某人平静下来)。 ·例句：He tried to calm the crying child down.（他试图让哭泣的孩子平静下来。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：Please (平静下来)and tell me what happened.(答案：calm down) 5.suffer/'sfr)/vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；受难：受折磨；t.遭受；蒙受 ·易错点：不及物动词时需加fom,后接疾病或痛苦（如suffer from headaches),易漏写from: 及物动词后直接接损失（如suffer losses)。 ·精讲：suffer from+疾病/痛苦（强调状态)：suffer+损失/伤害（强调结果）。 ·例句：(I)She has suffered from asthma for many years.(她患哮喘多年了。）(2)The company suffered heavy losses last year.(这家公司去年损失惨重。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：H (遭受)a lot from his leg injury last month.(答案：suffered) 6.effort/efat/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ·易错点：易误用为可数名词，如误写为make an efforts:固定搭配make an effort to do sth.易漏 写an。 ·精讲：efot作“努力”时为不可数名词，如with effort(努力地)：表示“一次尝试”时为可 数名词，如make an effort(尽力)。 ·例句：We should make an effort to protect the environment.(我们应该努力保护环境。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：She made every (努力)to pass the exam. (答案：effort) 7.context/'kpntekst/n.上下文；语境 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：易误写为contest（竞赛)或content(内容)，拼写相近易混淆；固定搭配in context (在上下文中)易误写为in the context。 ·精讲：常用搭配understand a word from the context(通过上下文理解单词)。 ·例句：You can guess the meaning of the new word from the context.(你可以通过上下文猜出这个 生词的意思。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：To understand the sentence better,you need to read it in (上下文).（答案：context) 8.unify/'ju:nnfa/vi.&t.统一；（使）成一体 ·易错点：易误写为unite(团结)，两词近义但用法有别：unify强调“形成单一整体”，unite强 调“联合行动”；易漏写词尾y。 ·精讲：nify.into.(将…统一为…)，如unify the country into one nation(将国家统一为 个民族)。 ·例句：The government tried to unify the two parties.(政府试图统一两个政党。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The country was (统一)under a new leader.(答案：unified) 9.smart/smat/ad.聪明的：机敏的：智能的 ·易错点：易混淆“聪明的”（指头脑灵活）与“智能的”（指科技产品）含义；易误写为sar (漏写t)。 ·精讲：作“智能的”时，常修饰科技产品，如smart phone(智能手机)：作“聪明的”时，指 思维敏捷，如a smart student(聪明的学生)。 ·例句：He bought a new smart watch last week.(他上周买了一块新智能手表。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：Nowadays, (智能的)home devices are becoming more and more popular.(答案：smart) 10.phoe/fon/n.电话；电话机；t.&vi.打电话 ·易错点：作动词“打电话”时，易误加to,如误写为phone to sb,正确用法为phone sb.;易 混淆phone(美式)与telephone(英式)，人教版教材常用phone。 ·精讲：phone sb.=call sb.(给某人打电话)：answer the phone(接电话)。 ·例句：I'll phone you as soon as I arrive.(我一到就给你打电话。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：You can (打电话)me at 138-Xxxx-xxxx if you need help.(答案：phone) l1.electricity/,lek'trisitr/n.电；电能 ·易错点：易误写为electric(形容词，电的)或electrical(形容词，与电有关的)；为不可数名 词，易误加复数。 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·精讲：electricity是名词，如generate electricity(发电)；electric修饰具体电器，如electric fan (电风扇)；electrical修饰抽象概念，如electrical engineering(电气工程)。 ·例句：We use electricity to light our homes.(我们用电照亮家园。) 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The machine doesn’t work because there'sno (电).（答案：electricity) 12.survivor/sa'vaIva(r)/n.幸存者；生还者；残存物 ·易错点：易与动词survive(幸存)混淆，忽略名词后缀-or;易误写为survivor(拼写正确，但 需注意发音重音在第二音节)。 ·精讲：survivor由动词survive+后缀-or构成，指“经历灾难后存活的人”，如earthquake survivors (地震幸存者)。 ·例句：The survivors were rescued by the army..(幸存者被军队救出。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：All the (幸存者)of the plane crash were sent to the hospital.(答案：survivors). 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The ancient attract many tourists every year. ●A.tuin ·B.ruins 。C.uining ●D.ruined 2.People were by the news of the earthquake. ●A.shock ●B.shocking ·C.shocked ●D.shocks 3.Many workers were in the mine after the accident 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·A.trap B.trapping ·C. trapped ·D.traps 4.Please try to down and tell me what happened. ·A.calm ·B.calmness 。C.calming ·D.calmed 5.He has from a headache for along time. 。A.suffer 。B.suffered ·C. suffering ·D.suffers 6.We should make an to help those in need. A.effort ·B.efforts .C.effortless 。D.努力 7.You can guess the word's meaning from the . 。A.contest 。B.content 。C. context 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ●D.contact 8.The country was into a single nation in 1990 。A.unify ●B.unified ●C.unite ●D.united 9.My father bought a TV last month 。A.smat ●B.smar ●C.electric ●D.electrical 10.You can me when you arrive in Beijing. ●A.phone to ·B.call to 。C.phone 。D.calling 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The old castle lay in (废墟)after the fire 2.She felt a great sense of (震惊)when she heard the bad news. 3.The cat was (被困)in the tree for two hours. 4.You need to stay (平静的)in an emergency. 5.The company (遭受)heavy losses during the pandemic.. 6.He made every (努力)to win the game. 7.Please read the sentence in (上下文)to understand it better. 8.The government tried to (统一）the two states.. 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 9 (智能的)phones are very popular among young people. 10.The machine doesn't work without (电)： 3.三、首字母填空 1.The storm r_ many houses in the village. 2.She was in s after hearing the accident. 3.The hikers weret in the mountain by the heavy snow 4.It's important to c down when you are in danger. 5.Hes from a serious illness last year. 6.We should make an e to protect the environment. 7.You can understand the word from the c 8.The country was u under the new king 9.Many people have s phones now. 10.E is very important in our daily life. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The heavy rain (ruin)all the crops last night 2.The news (shock)everyone in the room 3.Many students (trap)in the classroom when the bell rang. 4.He tried to (calm)the nervous child. 5.She has (suffer)from back pain for years. 6.They made every (effort)to finish the project on time. 7.The word's meaning can be guessed from the (context). 8.The two countries (unify)into one in 1999 9.My mother bought a new (smart)watch for me. 10.The (survive)were sent to the hospital immediately. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.C3.C4.A5B6.A7.C8B9.A10.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.ruins 2.shock 3.trapped 4.calm 5.suffered 6.effort 7.context 8.unify 9.Smart 10.electricity 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·三、首字母填空 1.ruined 2.shock 3.trapped 4.calm 5.suffered 6.effort 7.context 8.unified 9.smart 10.Electricity ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.ruined 2.shocked 3.were trapped 4.calm 5.suffered 6.effort 7.context 8.were unified 9.smart 10.sur- VivOrs