Unit 4 Natural disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·必修一Unit4 Natural disasters 单元词汇总览 tornado/to:'neId/n.龙卷风：旋援 damage/daemid3/n.&vt.损害； 风 helicopter/'helikppta(r)/n.直升损失 drought/draot/n.旱灾；干旱机 destroy/dr'stroI//vt.摧毁；毁灭 landslide/laendslaId/n.（山地或death/ded/n.死；死亡 evacuate'vaekjoert/t.疏散；撤 悬崖的)崩塌：滑坡 affect/'fekt//t.影响：（疾病）侵出：vi.撤离 f1 ood /flAd/n.洪水；大量；vi.淹袭；深深打动 heal /hi:l/vi.&t.治愈：（使）康 没：大量涌入：t.使灌满水：淹shelter/'felta(/n.避难处；居所：复：解决（问题）：消除（分歧） 没 庇护；t.保护：掩蔽：vi.躲避quake /kweik/n.震动：地震 rescue/'reskju/n.&vt.营救：救（风雨或危险） rubble/rab(3)/n.碎石；瓦砾 易错词汇精讲 1.flood/flAd/n.洪水；大量；vi.淹没：大量涌入；t.使灌满水；淹没 ·易错点：易混淆名词“洪水”与动词“淹没”的用法：作名词表示“大量”时，易与a lot of混 淆搭配。 ·精讲：作动词时，主语通常为水或液体，如The river flooded the village..;作名词“大量”时， 常用搭配a flood of sth.(大量的某物)，比a lot of更书面化。 ·例句：After the heavy rain,the river flooded many houses..(动词)/A flood of tourists came to the city during the holiday.(名词) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The heavy rain caused a in the small towm.(答案：f1ood) 2.affect/a'fekt/vt.影响：（疾病）侵袭：深深打动 ·易错点：易与effect(n.影响)混淆，词性和拼写差异易出错：发音易误读为/'aefekt/。 ·精讲：affect为动词，直接接宾语，如The noise affected my sleep.;effect为名词，常用搭配have an effect on sth.。 ·例句：The bad weather affected our plan to go hiking. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The change in temperature will the growth of the plants.(答案：affect) 3.shelter∫elta)/n.避难处；居所：庇护；t.保护：掩蔽：vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：易忽略“庇护”这一抽象名词含义；作动词时，易误用于被动语态。 ·精讲：作名词“庇护”时，常用搭配take shelter from sth.(躲避…)；作动词时，主语通常 为人或物，如Trees shelter the house from the wind.。 ·例句：We took shelter in a cave during the storm.(名词)/The umbrella sheltered her from the rain. (动词) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：People were looking for after the earth- quake.(答案：shelter) 4.damage/'daemid3/n.&vt.损害；损失 ·易错点：作名词“损失”时，易误加复数；作动词时，易与destroy混淆(damage指部分损坏， destroy指彻底摧毁)。 ·精讲：名词damage为不可数名词，无复数形式；常用搭配cause damage to sth.;动词damage 强调“部分损坏，可修复”。 ·例句：The fire caused great damage to the building.(名词)/The car was damaged in the accident, (动词) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The storm many houses,but they can be repaired.(答案：damaged) 5.destroy/d'stro/vt.摧毁：毁灭 ·易错点：易与damage混淆(destroy强调彻底破坏，无法修复)：易误用于主动语态表被动含 义。 ·精讲：主语通常为自然灾害、战争等，如The earthquake destroyed the village.;无被动语态用 法，因为本身已含被动意味。 ·例句：The fire destroyed all the books in the library. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The ancient temple was by the big fire last year.(答案：destroyed) 6.evacuate1'vaekjoeit/t.疏散；撤出；vi.撤离 ·易错点：及物动词和不及物动词用法易混淆；易误写为evacuate from(正确搭配为evacuate sb. from sp.或evacuate to sp.)。 ·精讲：及物时后接人或地点，如The army evacuated the villagers.;不及物时常用evacuate to. (撤离到…)。 ·例句：The government ordered people to evacuate the area.(及物)/They evacuated to a safe place. (不及物) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：People were from the building when the fire alarm rang.(答案：evacuated) 7.heal /hi:l/vi.&vt.治愈：（使）康复；解决（问题）：消除（分歧） 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：易忽略“解决问题、消除分歧”的抽象含义；作“治愈”时，易与cure混淆(heal侧 重伤口愈合，cure侧重疾病治愈)。 ·精讲：heal可用于伤口、关系等，如Time heals all wounds.;cure用于疾病，如The doctor cured his illness..。 ·例句：Her broken arm healed in three months.(身体康复)/The talk helped heal their differences. (消除分歧) ·真题链接：：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The medicine will help your sore throat. (答案：heal) 8.quake /kweik/n.震动：地震 ·易错点：易与earthquake混淆(quake是earthquake的缩写，更口语化：正式场合常用earthquake): 易误用作动词(quake作动词时意为“颤抖”)。 ·精讲：quake作名词“地震”时，常用搭配a big quake:作动词“颤抖”时，如Her voice quaked with fear.. ·例句：A strong quake hit the area last night.(名词)/He quaked with cold..(动词) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：Many houses fell down in the last week (答案：quake) 9.rescue/'reskju:/n.&t.营救；救援 ·易错点：作名词时，易误与动词搭配（正确搭配为carry out a rescue/come to the rescue);作 动词时，易漏接宾语。 ·精讲：动词rescue直接接人或物，如The firefighters rescued the child.;名词rescue常用短语in rescue(在救援中)。 ·例句：The rescue team arrived at the scene quickly.(名词)/He rescued a cat from the river.(动词) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The soldiers tried their best to the people trapped in the flood.(答案：rescue) 10.rubble/'rab(a)l/n.碎石；瓦砾 ·易错点：易误加复数(ubble为不可数名词)：易与ruin(n.废墟)混淆(rubble指具体的碎 石，uin指抽象的废墟)。 ·精讲：常用搭配in the rubble(在瓦砾中)：a pile of rubble(一堆碎石)。 ·例句：They searched for survivors in the rubble after the earthquake. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：Workers are clearing the from the street after the building collapse.(答案：rubble) 11.drought/drat/n.旱灾；千旱 ·易错点：易误发音为/drt/(正确发音为/drat/):易与draught(n.气流)混淆拼写。 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·精讲：常用搭配suffer from a drought(遭受旱灾)：a period of drought(干旱期)。 ·例句：The area has been hit by a severe drought this year. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The long made the crops die.(答案： drought) 12.landslide/'laendslad/n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 ·易错点：易拆分拼写为land slide(错误，正确为合成词landslide);易忽略“（选举）压倒性胜 利”的抽象含义。 ·精讲：指自然灾害时，如A landslide blocked the road.;指选举时，如win by a landslide(以压 倒性优势获胜)。 ·例句：The heavy rain caused a landslide in the mountain area. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The village was destroyed by a after the stom.(答案：landslide) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.Heavy rain last night caused a in the low-lying area. ·A.flood ·B.drought ·C.quake ●D.landslide 2.The sudden change in climate will the growth of crops this year. ●A.effect ●B.affect ●C.heal ●D.rescue 3.After the earthquake,people were searching for in the ruins. ●A.shelter 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 ·B.ubble 。C.damage ●D.landslide 4.The storm several houses,but they can be repaired soon. 。A.destroyed ●B.damaged ●C.evacuated ●D.healed 5.The rescue team tried their best to the trapped villagers from the flood. ●A.evacuate 。B.destroy ●C.rescue ●D.shelter 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The villagers had to (撤离)to higher ground before the flood arrived. 2.Time can (治愈)most physical and emotional wounds. 3.The earthquake left the city in (瓦a砾，with almost no buildings standing. 4.A severe (has affected the area for three consecutive years. 5.The government provided temporary. (避难处)for homeless people after the disaster. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The heavy rain led to a l that blocked the mountain road completely. 2.Thousands of people were left homeless after the earthquake destroyed their s_ 3.The fire caused great d to the historical building,but its main structure remained. 4.After the flood,the army worked day and night to r survivors from the water. 5.The doctor said her broken arm would h in about two months with proper treatment. 高中必修一人教 寒假专版 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The strong earthquake (destroy)the entire village,leaving nothing but rubble. 2.It's important to take shelter from the rain to avoid (catch)a cold. 3.The government ordered the residents (evacuate)the area before the storm hit 4.The rescue team's quick action (save)many lives in the flood. 5.The old temple,which (damage)in the fire,is now being rebuilt. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.B5.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.evacuate 2.heal 3.rubble 4.drought 5.shelter ·三、首字母填空 1.landslide 2.shelters 3.damage 4.rescue 5.heal ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.destroyed 2.catching 3.to evacuate 4.saved 5.was damaged