Unit 4 Adversity and Courage一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第三册（人教版）

高中选修3人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修3Unit4 Adversity and Courage 单元词汇总览 adversity/d'v3:sati/n.困境；逆格；具备…的知识（或技能、学crush /kraf/vt.毁坏；压坏；压 境 历等) 碎n.拥挤的人群 wage /werd3/n.工资 enthusiastic /m,0ju:zi'aestik/adj.sink /smk/vi.(sank /saenk/or sunk bitter'brta(r)/adj.严寒的；激烈热情的；热心的 /sk,sunk)沉没：下沉；下降 而不愉快的：味苦的 aboard /a'b3:dadv.&prep.上t.使下沉；使沉没 expedition/,eksp3'dn/n.探险：（船、飞机、公共汽车等） abandon/A'baendan/t.舍弃；抛 远征：探险队 cupboard/'kAbad/n.橱柜；壁橱；弃；放弃 endurance/m'djar3ns/n.忍耐衣柜 stove/tav/n.炉具；厨房灶具 力：耐久力 assign/3'san/t.分派；布置：分blanket/blaenkit/n.毯子 vigour (NAmE vigor)/'viga(r)/n. belongings/br'lo]四zn.pl.]财 精力：力量：活力 steward/'stju:ad/n.(轮船、飞机物；动产 turn sb down短语拒绝（某人）或火车上的乘务员：服务员 qualified/'kwDlrfaid/adj.符合资eny/'envi/n.&t.羡慕；妒忌 易错词汇精讲 1.wage /weid3/n.工资 ·易错点：易与salary混淆，wage侧重按小时/周发放的“时薪/周薪”，常用复数形式：salary指 按月发放的“月薪”，为不可数名词。 ·精讲：wages多用于体力劳动，如pat--time wages(兼职工资)；salary用于脑力劳动，如a monthly salary(月薪)。 ·例句：The workers get their wages every Friday.(工人们每周五领工资。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The company decided to increase the workers' byl0%.(答案：wages) 2.bitter/'bta()/adj.严寒的：激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 ·易错点：易忽略“激烈而不愉快的”这一引申义，仅记住“味苦的”；固定搭配be bitter about sth.（对某事愤愤不平)易漏用about。 ·精讲：多义词需结合语境判断，如bitter wind(寒风，表严寒)：bitter argument(激烈争吵，表 不愉快)。 ·例句：She is still bitter about losing her job.(她对失业仍愤愤不平。) 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The cold made it hard for us to go outside. (答案：bitter) 3.expedition/,ekspa'dn/n.探险：远征：探险队 ·易错点：易误写为expidition(漏写中间的e):与journey/trip混淆，expedition侧重“有目的 的探险考察”，而非普通旅行。 ·精讲：指团队或个人的科学/地理探险，如a polar expedition(极地探险队)；journey侧重长途 旅行，trip侧重短途。 ·例句：The expedition to the Amazon will start next month.(亚马逊探险队将于下月出发。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：They joined an to study rare animals in the rainforest.(答案：expedition) 4.qualified/'kwplrfard/adj.符合资格；具备…的知识（或技能、学历等)》 ·易错点：易与动词qualify(使合格)混淆，忽略形容词后缀-ed;固定搭配be qualified for sth, (有资格做某事)易误用介词n。 ·精讲：qualified为形容词，如a qualified doctor(合格医生)；qualify为动词，搭配qualify for a job(胜任工作)。 ·例句：She is qualified for the position because of her experience.(她因经验丰富而胜任该职位。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：Only teachers can teach in this school. (答案：qualified) 5.aboard/Abod/adv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） ·易错点：易误写为abroad(在国外)，两词形似义异：作介词时易漏用宾语，如go aboard the ship(上船)不可省略the ship: ·精讲：aboard=on/onto a ship/plane,如Welcome aboard!(欢迎登机/船！)：abroad=in a foreign country,如go abroad(出国)。 ·例句：All passengers must go aboard the plane now.(所有乘客现在必须登机。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：They will the train to beijing tomorrow morning.(答案：bord/aboard,注：此处需用动词board,aboard为副词/介词，真题常考辨 析) 6.assign/A'sam/t.分派；布置；分配 ·易错点：易混淆assign sb.to do sth.（指派某人做某事)与assign sth.tosb.(把某物分配给某 人)的结构，误用双宾语。 ·精讲：无assign sb.sth.结构，必须用介词to引出对象，如assign tasks to students(给学生分 配任务)。 ·例句：The teacher assigned us to write a report.(老师指派我们写一份报告。) 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The manager the project to three teams. (答案：assigned) 7.eny/'envi/n.&t.羡慕；妒忌 ·易错点：作动词时易误加介词of,如envy sb.of sth.(错误)，正确搭配为envy sb.sth.或eny sb.for sth.:作名词时固定搭配with envy(羡慕地)易漏用with。 ·精讲：动词用法：envy her success(羡慕她的成功)：名词用法：He looked at me with envy.(他 羡慕地看着我。) ·例句：I envy you for having such a good teacher:..(我羡慕你有这么好的老师。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：She couldn't hide her when she saw my new bike.(答案：eny) 8.sink /sr四k/vi.沉没；下沉：下降t.使下沉使沉没 ·易错点：易混淆过去式/过去分词，原形sink→过去式sank/sunk→过去分词sunk(不可用 sk):不及物动词“下沉”与及物动词“使下沉”易混用。 ·精讲：The ship sank yesterday..(船昨天沉没了，不及物，过去式sank);The storm sunk the boat. (暴风雨使船沉没了，及物，过去分词suk)。 ·例句：The sun sank below the horizon.（太阳沉入地平线。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The heavyrain caused the ship to rapidly. (答案：sink) 9.abandon/月'baendan/t.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 ·易错点：易与desert混淆，abandon强调“彻底、永久放弃”，desert侧重“违背责任抛弃”；固 定搭配abandon oneself to sth.(沉溺于)易漏用反身代词oneself。 ·精讲：abandon a project(放弃项目)；desert one'sfamily(抛弃家庭)：abandon oneselfto grief (沉溺于悲伤)。 ·例句：He abandoned all hope of winning the game..(他放弃了赢得比赛的所有希望。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：The villagers were forced to their homes because of the flood.(答案：abandon) 10.belongings/bI'lo则zn.pl.]财物：动产 ·易错点：易忽略“复数形式”，误写为belonging:与possession混淆，belongings侧重“随身财 物”，possession可指抽象财产。 ·精讲：无单数形式，如personal belongings(个人财物)：leave one's belongings behind(遗落 财物)。 ·例句：Please take care of your belongings in the library.(请在图书馆照看好您的财物。) 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The lost were found by the police. 案：belongings) 11.turn sb down短语拒绝（某人） ·易错点：易误加介词to,如turn down to sb.(错误)；代词作宾语时需放在dowm前，如turn him down(拒绝他)不可说turn down him。 ·精讲：dowm为副词，宾语是名词可放前后(turn down the offer/rn the offer down),代词必须 放中间。 ·例句：HIe asked her to marry him,but she turned him down.(他向她求婚，但她拒绝了。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：一Did you get the job?一No,they me because I was too young.(答案：turned;dowm) 12.igor(NAmE vigor)/'vIga(r)/n.精力；力量；活力 ·易错点：易忽略美式拼写为vigor,仅记英式vigour;固定搭配with vigour(充满活力地)易漏 用with。 ·精讲：英式vigour与美式vigor均正确，如work with vigour(干劲十足地工作)。 ·例句：The children played football with great vigour..(孩子们兴致勃勃地踢足球。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：He is full of even though he is over 70. (答案：vigour/vigor) 13.crush /kraf/vt.毁坏：压坏：压碎n.拥挤的人群 ·易错点：易忽略名词义“拥挤的人群”，仅记动词义；动词搭配crush sth.into sth.(把某物压 成…)易漏用into。 ·精讲：名词指“密集人群”，如a huge crush in the station(车站里的拥挤人潮)；动词如cush grapes into juice(把葡萄榨成汁)。 ·例句：The crowd crushed against the barriers.（人群挤向障碍物。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The machine can stones into powder (答案：crush) 14.stove/stv/n.炉具；厨房灶具 ·易错点：易误写为store(商店)，两词发音相近；与cooker混淆，stove指“炉子”，cooker指 “炊具”（如锅、铲）。 ·精讲：stove侧重加热设备，如a gas stove(煤气炉)：cooker 易错词汇综合训练 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 1.一、单项选择 1.The company decided to raise the workers' by 15%because of their hard work. ·A.wage ●B.wages ·C.salary ●D.salaries 2.She felt about being left out of the team,so she didn't talk to anyone all day. ·A.bitter ·B.bitterly ●C.sweet ●D.sweetly 3.The scientists joined an to study the rare plants in the remote mountain area. ●A.journey 。B.trip ·C.expedition ●D.travel 4.Only engineers are allowed to work on this important project. ·A.qualify ●B.qualifies ●C.qualified ·D.qualifying 5.All passengers must go the plane before 9:00 a.m. 。A.aboard 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 ·B.abroad 。C.board 。D.broad 6.The manager the difficult task to the most experienced worker. ●A.assigned ·B.assigned to ●C.assign ●D.assign to 7.He couldn't hide his when he saw his classmate's new bicycle. ●A.eny ·B.envious 。C.envies 。D.envying 8.The old ship slowly after hitting the rock. ●A.sink ●B.sinks ·C.sank ●D.sunk 9.The villagers had to their homes when the flood came. ●A.abandon ●B.desert 。C.leave ·D.forget 10.Please take care of your when you are traveling by train. 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 ·A.belonging 。B.belongings ●C.possession ·D.possessions 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The workers get their (工资)every Friday 2.The (严寒的)wind made us feel very cold 3.They will go on an (探险)to the North Pole next year. 4.She is (符合资格的)for the job because of her good education 5.All the passengers must go (上飞机)now. 6.The teacher (分配)us to clean the classroom yesterday.. 7.I (羡慕)you for having such a good chance.. 8.The ship (沉没)in the storm last night 9.He had to (his plan because of the bad weather. 10.She left her (财物)in the hotel room. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The workers are paid their w every week. 2.The b cold in winter makes it hard to go out. 3.They went on an e_ to explore the ancient city. 4.You need to be q for this job. 5.All passengers must go a the ship now. 6.The teacher a us to finish the homework by Friday. 7.Ie her for her success in the exam. 8.The ship s to the bottom of the sea 9.He had to a his dream because of illness 10.Please take your b. with you when you leave. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 高中选修3人教 寒假专版 1.The company increased the workers' (wage)by 10%. 2.She is still (bitter)about losing the competition 3.They joined an (expedition)to study the local culture 4.Only (qualify)doctors can work in this hospital. 5.All passengers must go (aboard)the plane immediately. 6.The manager (assign)the task to me yesterday 7.He looked at me with (envy). 8.The heavy rain caused the boat to (sink). 9.He (abandon)all hope of winning the game. 10.Please take care of your (belong)in the library. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3.C4.C5.A6.A7.A8.C9.A10.B ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.wages 2.bitter 3.expedition 4.qualified 5.aboard 6.assigned 7.envy 8.sank 9.abandon 10.belongings ·三、首字母填空 1.wages 2.bitter 3.expedition 4.qualified 5.aboard 6.assigned 7.envy 8.sank 9.abandon 10.belongings ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.wages 2.bitter 3.expedition 4.qualified 5.aboard 6.assigned 7.envy 8.sink 9.abandoned 10.belong- ings