Unit 1 Science Fiction一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修4Unit1 Science Fiction 单元词汇总览 fiction/'fkn/n.小说；虚构的事尊严 停；暂缓 science fiction(informal sci-f)salary/'saelri/n.薪水；薪金 ladder/'leda(r)/n.梯子；阶梯 (abbr.SF)短语科幻小说（或影片absurd/b's3:dad.荒谬的：荒dismiss/ds'mis/vt.让（某人）离 等) 唐的 开：解散：解雇：消除 test out短语检验：测试 appointment /3'pomntmant/n.预declare/dr'kea)/vt.表明：宣 bonus/'ban3sn.意外收获：奖约：约会；委任 称：公布 金：红利 nail /nerl/n.指甲：趾甲；钉子whereas/wear'ez/conj.然而： more like短语更像是；更接近t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 但是：尽管 ridiculous/r'drkjalas/adj..愚蠢saleswoman/'seilzwuman/n.女rumour/'u:mar)/n.谣言；传闻 的：荒谬的；荒唐的 售货员；女推销员 presume /prI'zju:m;NAmE integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；guilty/'grlti/adj.内疚的：有罪'zum/t.&vi.假设；假定 完整；完好 的：有过失的 dignity/'dignati/n.庄重；庄严；suspend/sa'spend/t.悬：挂：暂 易错词汇精讲 1.fiction/'fkn/n.小说；虚构的事 ·易错点：易与literature(文学)混淆，fiction特指虚构类作品，而literature涵盖所有文学形式。 ·精讲：常用搭配science fiction(科幻小说)，不可数名词，”一部小说”需用a work of fiction表 达。 ·例句：She enjoys reading fiction rather than non-fiction. ·真题链接：Science _has always been popular among young people.(答案：fiction) 2.bonus./ban3s/n.意外收获：奖金：红利 ·易错点：易误写为bonas(拼写错误)：易与reward(报酬，奖励)混淆，bous侧重额外的奖 励。 ·精讲： 可数名词，复数形式为bonuses;常与get/receive搭配。 ·例句：The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus. ·真题链接：Workers will get a performance if the company makes big profits.(答案： bonus) 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 3.integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；完整：完好 ·易错点：易误写为integraty(拼写错误)：该词为不可数名词，不能加s。 ·精讲：强调道德上的正直或事物的完整性，常用搭配moral integrity(道德正直)。 ·例句：He is a man of great integrity and is trusted by everyone, ·真题链接：We should always uphold the value of (答案：integrity) 4.salary/'saelri/n.薪水；薪金 ·易错点：易与wage(工资)混淆，salary指按月发放的薪水，wage常指按周发放的工资。 ·精讲：可数名词，复数形式为salaries;常与draw/receive搭配。 ·例句：Her monthly salary is enough to cover her living expenses. ·真题链接：He gets a good from his new job.(答案：salary) 5.appointment/a'pointmant//n.预约；约会：委任 ·易错点：易误写为appointement(多写一个e):易与date(约会)混淆，appointment更正式， 可指工作上的约见。 ·精讲：常用搭配make an appointment(预约)，keep an appointment(守约)。 ·例句：I have an appointment with the doctor at3p.m ·真题链接：You need to make an before seeing the manager.(答案：appointment) 6.nail /nerl/n.指甲：趾甲；钉子t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 ·易错点：作动词时，易误用于被动语态后接介词in,正确搭配为nail sth.to sth.。 ·精讲：作名词时，常用短语cut nails(剪指甲)；作动词时，强调用钉子固定。 ·例句：He nailed the notice to the door. ·真题链接：Please help me this picture to the wall.(答案：nail) 7.guilty/'gi/adj.内疚的：有罪的；有过失的 ·易错点：易与ashamed(羞愧的)混淆，guilty侧重因做错事而内心有罪恶感；固定搭配be guilty of(犯有…罪)易误用为be guilty for。 ·精讲：反义词为innocent(无辜的)：常用短语feel guilty(感到内疚)。 ·例句：She felt guilty about lying to her parents.. ·真题链接：The man was found of theft.（答案：guilty） 8.suspend/s3'spend/vt.悬：挂；暂停；暂缓 ·易错点：易误写为suspand(拼写错误)：易与p0 ostpone(推迟)混淆，suspend强调暂时中断， 可能恢复，postpone侧重将事情延后。 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 ·精讲：常用搭配suspend sb.from school(暂停某人上学)，suspend operation(暂停运营)。 ·例句：The game was suspended due to bad weather ·真题链接：The company decided to the project until next year.(答案：suspend) 9.dismiss/ds'mIs/vt.让（某人）离开：解散：解雇；消除 ·易错点：易与fire(解雇)混淆，dismiss更正式；固定搭配dismiss sth.from one's mind(打消 某事)易误用为dismiss sth.out of one's mind。 ·精讲：作”解雇”讲时，常用于被动语态be dismissed。. ·例句：The teacher dismissed the class early,. ·真题链接：He was from his job for being late too often.(答案：dismissed) 10.declare/d'kea)/t.表明；宣称；公布 ·易错点：易误写为declair(拼写错误)；易与announce(宣布)混淆，declare语气更正式，可 指官方宣布或表明立场。 ·精讲：常用搭配declare war(宣战)，declare sth.tosb.(向某人宣布某事)。 ·例句：The government declared a state of emergency, ·真题链接：The president will the new policy tomorrow.(答案：declare) l1.whereas/,wear'ez/conj.然而；但是；尽管 ·易错点：易误写为where as(错误拆分)，该词为连词，需连写：易与wile(然而)混淆，whereas 更强调对比。 ·精讲：用于连接两个对比的句子，前后句子结构常相似。 ·例句：Some people like coffee,whereas others prefer tea. ·真题链接：He is outgoing, his brother is shy..(答案：whereas). 12.presume /prI'zjum,NAmE-'zu:m/t.&vi.假设；假定 ·易错点：易与assume(假设)混淆，presume指有一定根据的假设，assume指没有根据的假设： 易误用于被动语态后接不定式，正确用法为presume to do sth.(冒昧做某事)。 ·精讲：常用搭配presume that..(假定…)。 ·例句：I presume you have heard the news. ·真题链接：We cannot that everyone will agree with us..(答案：presume) 13.absurd/b's3:d/adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 ·易错点：易与ridiculous(愚蠢的，荒谬的)混淆，absurd更强调逻辑上的不合理，程度更深。 ·精讲：可用于It is absurd that..句型。 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 ·例句：It is absurd to believe that the earth is flat. ·真题链接：His idea sounds and no one supports it..(答案：absurd) 14.rumour/'uma(r)/n.谣言；传闻 ·易错点：美式拼写为umor,易混淆两种拼写：该词为可数名词，常用搭配spread arumour(散 布谣言)。 ·精讲：常与about搭配，指关于…的谣言。 ·例句：There is a rumour about the closure of the factory. ·真题链接：Don't spread without any evidence..(答案：rumour) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.She prefers reading to non-fiction because she enjoys imaginary stories. 。A.literature 。B.fiction ·C.poem ·D.essay 2.The company announced that all employees would receive a year-end for their hard work ●A.reward ●B.bonus ·C.salary ·D.wage 3.A person of great will never lie or cheat others. ·A.integrity 。B.honesty 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 ·C.morality ●D.virtue 4.My father's monthly is higher than before since he got promoted. ●A.wage ●B.income ·C.salary 。D.payment 5.You must make an in advance if you want to see the director this afternoon ●A.appointment ●B.date ·C.neeting ●D.interview 6.The carpenter the wooden board to the wall to fix the shelf. ●A.hit ●B.nailed ·C.stuck ·D.tied 7.The suspect was found of robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. ●A.ashamed ●B.guilty ●C.innocent ·D.Soy 8.Due to the heavy rain,the outdoor concert was until next Sunday. ●A.postponed 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 ·B.suspended ●C.canceled ·D.delayed 9.The manager decided to the lazy worker for failing to finish tasks on time. ●A.fire ●B.dismiss ·C.lay off ●D.quit 10.The government will new environmental policies to reduce air pollution next month ●A.announce ●B.declare ·C.publish ●D.broadcast 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The science (written by Liu Cixin is very popular among teenagers. 2.The employee was happy to get a performance (奖金)after the project succeeded. 3.We should always uphold the value of (正直)and never compromise with dishonesty. 4.Her monthly (is enough to support her family in the small city. 5.I need to make an (预约)with the dentist to check my teeth 6.He used a hammer to (the photo frame to the wall 7.She felt (内疚的)for not helping her friend when she was in trouble 8.The school had to (classes for three days due to the snowstorm. 9.The boss (解雇)him because he was often late for work. 10.The president will (the winner of the competition at the ceremony. 3.三、首字母填空 1.S fiction often explores future technologies and space travel. 高中·人教·选修4 寒假专版 2.The company gives ab. to employees every Christmas. 3.A person with high i is trusted by everyone around them 4.His monthly s allows him to save some money for traveling. 5.You need to make an a before visiting the professor in his office. 6.Please n the notice to the door so that everyone can see it. 7.She felt g after breaking her promise to her best friend. 8.The game was s_ because one of the players got injured. 9.The dishonest salesman was d from the company last week 10.The government plans to d a new policy to help small businesses. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Many young people are interested in reading science (fiction) 2.The company offered two (bonus)to employees who worked overtime 3.He is known for his (integrity)and sense of responsibility 4.The manager decided to raise the (salary)of all staff by 10%. 5.You should keep your (appointment)with the doctor tomorrow. 6.He (nail)the broken chair to make it stable again yesterday. 7.She was found (guilty)of stealing and sent to prison 8.The factory (suspend)production during the holiday season. 9.The employee (dismiss)for leaking confidential information last month 10.The president (declare)the opening of the Olympic Games yesterday. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.B7.B8B9.B10.B ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.fiction 2.bonus 3.integrity 4.salary 5.appointment 6.nail 7.guilty 8.suspend 9.dismissed 10.declare ·三、首字母填空 1.Science 2.bonus 3.integrity 4.salary 5.appointment 6.nail 7.guilty 8.suspended 9.dismissed 10.de- clare ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.fiction 2.bonuses 3.integrity 4.salaries 5.appointment 6.nailed 7.guilty 8.suspended 9.was dismissed 10.declared