Unit 1 Science and Scientists 二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修2Unit1 Science and Scientists 单元词汇总览 substantial/sab'staenfl/adj.大量thinking/'oky/n.思想；思维；框架 的：价值巨大的；重大的 见解 solid/'splId/adj.可靠的：固体 decrease/'di:kri:sn.减少；降低： protein/'prauti:n/n.蛋白质 的：坚实的n固体 减少量/d'kri:st.&i.(使大cell/se/n.细胞：小房间：单间cast /ka:st/t.(cast,cast)投射； 小、数量等)减少：减小：降低牢房 向…投以（视线、笑容等）：投 thanks to短语幸亏：由于 irus/'vairas/n.病毒 掷 statistic/st'tstk/n.pl.]统计数finding/'famdu/n.发现：调查 shadow∫ed/n.阴影：影子； 字：统计资料；统计学 结果；（法律）判决 背光处 transform /trans'f:m/t.使改initial'nu/adj.最初的：开始rainbow/'remba/n.彩虹 观：使改变形态vⅵ.改变：转变的：第一的 pour /pa:)/t.倒出：倾泻：斟 epidemiology /epI di:mi'plad3i/vaccine /'vaksi:n/n. (饮料) 1.流行病学 framework/'fremw3k/n.框架；concrete/'kpnkri:t/n.混凝土ad. microscope/'markra3 skaup/n.显结构 混凝土制的：确实的：具体的 微镜 theoretical framework短语理论plasma/'plaezma/n.血浆 易错词汇精讲 1.decrease/diki:sn.减少；降低：减少量/d'kri:s/vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少：减小；降低 ·易错点：易混淆名词与动词的发音，名词重音在第一音节/dk,动词重音在第二音 节/d'kris:易误用介词，表示“在…方面减少”需用介词in,而非on。 ·精讲：作名词时常用搭配a decrease in sth.;作动词时常用搭配decrease by(减少了…)和 decrease to(减少到…)。 ·例句：The number of students in our class decreased by5 this term.(我们班的学生人数这学期减 少了5人。) ·真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习）：There has been a sharp (减少)inhe amount of rainfall this year.(答案：decrease) 2.statistic/sta'tIstrk/n.pl]统计数字；统计资料：统计学 ·易错点：易忽略单复数用法差异，表示“统计数字/资料”时常用复数形式statistics,单数形式 statistic指“一项统计数据”；易混淆statistics与statistician(统计学家)的拼写。 ·精讲：固定搭配official statistics(官方统计数据)：当表示“统计学”时，为不可数名词，视 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 为单数。 ·例句：These statistics show that the economy is improving.(这些统计数据表明经济正在好转。) ·真题链接：According to the latest _the population of this city has reached 5 million. (答案：statistics) 3.transform/traens'fom/t.使改观：使改变形态vi.改变；转变 ·易错点：易误用介词，固定搭配transform..into.（把…转变为…)，易误为transform.to. 易与change混淆，transform强调彻底的、本质的改变，change泛指任何变化。 ·精讲：及物动词，可直接接宾语，如transform the country;不及物动词时表示“发生转变”，如 The situation has transformed completely. ·例句：Technology has transformed our way of life.(科技改变了我们的生活方式。) ·真题链接：The invention of the Internet has (使改观)the way we communicate with each other.(答案：transformed) 4.initial'nul/adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 ·易错点：易误写为initail(字母顺序颠倒)：易混淆initial与origin的用法，initial强调时间上 的“最初的”，origin指“起源、源头”，为名词。 ·精讲：固定搭配initial stage(初始阶段)：可作名词，意为“首字母”，常用复数形式initials。 ·例句：My initial impression of him was very good..(我对他的第一印象非常好。) ·真题链接：Please write your full name and (最初的)beside the signature. (答案： initial) 5.cast /ka:stvt.(cast,cast)投射：向…投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 ·易错点：易混淆过去式和过去分词，cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast,易误写为casted:易 误用固定搭配，“投射阴影”为cast a shadow on,易漏介词on。 ·精讲：常见搭配cast light on（阐明)、cast a glance at(瞥一眼)：作“铸造”讲时，为及物动 词，如cast a statue。 ·例句：The tall building casts a long shadow on the ground.(这座高楼在地上投下长长的影子。) ·真题链接：She (投射)a quick look at the clock and realized she was late.(答案：cast) 6.concrete/'kpnkri.:t//n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的：确实的：具体的 ·易错点：易混淆词性和发音，作名词和形容词时发音均为/'kDkt/,但易误理解为动词：易与 specific混淆，concrete强调“具体的、有形的”，specific强调“特定的、明确的”。 ·精讲：作形容词时常用搭配concrete evidence(具体证据)：作名词时为不可数名词，如a bridge made of concrete(混凝土桥)。 ·例句：We need concrete plans instead of empty promises..(我们需要具体的计划而非空洞的承诺。) 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：The engineer suggested using (混凝土)to build the foundation of the house. (答案：concrete.) 7.thanks to短语幸亏；由于 ·易错点：易误用为thank to(漏写s):易混淆与because of、due to的用法，thanks to多用于积 极意义的结果，because of和due to既可用于积极也可用于消极意义，且due to常作表语。 ·精讲：后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接从句：位于句首时，后接原因状语。 ·例句：Thanks to your help,I passed the exam successfully.(幸亏你的帮助，我成功通过了考试。) ·真题链接： the government's efforts,the environment has improved a lot in recent years. (答案：Thanks to) 8.theoretical framework短语理论框架 ·易错点：易误写为heory framework(误用名词作定语)：易漏写定冠词the,特指某一理论框 架时需加he。 ·精讲：固定学术搭配，framework前常用形容词修饰，如solid theoretical framework(坚实的理 论框架)。 ·例句：The researcher built a theoretical framework to analyze the problem.(研究者构建了一个理 论框架来分析这个问题。) ·真题链接：Before conducting the research,we need to establish a (理论 框架).（答案：theoretical framework) 9.solid/'sDld/adj.可靠的：固体的：坚实的n.固体 ·易错点：易混淆形容词“可靠的”与“固体的”含义，需根据语境判断：易误用介词，“在固 体状态下”用in solid state,而非with。 ·精讲：作形容词时常用搭配solid foundation(坚实的基础)、solid evidence(确凿证据)：作名 词时为可数名词，如ice is a solid(冰是固体)。 ·例句：He has a solid knowledge of mathematics..(他有扎实的数学知识。) ·真题链接：Water turns into a (固体)when the temperature drops below0C.（答案： solid) 10.pour /p3:()/t.倒出；倾泻：斟（饮料） ·易错点：易误用为pour down表示“下雨”时的主语，pour down的主语应为雨、雪等自然现 象，而非人；易混淆pour与pore(钻研)的拼写。 ·精讲：常用搭配pour sth.into sth.(把…倒入…)、pour out(倾诉)；不及物动词时表示 “倾泻”，如It's pouring outside.(外面下着倾盆大雨。) ·例句：She poured the tea into the cups carefully.(她小心地把茶倒进杯子里。) 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：The children (倒出)the water from the bucket to water the flowers..(答案： poured) 11.irus/'var9s/n.病毒 ·易错点：易误写为virous(词尾错误)：易混淆vius与bacteria的单复数，vius的复数为viruses, bacteria本身为复数，单数为bacterium。 ·精讲：常用搭配computer virus(电脑病毒)、virus infection(病毒感染)：为可数名词，其复数 形式需加es。 ·例句：The doctor said he was infected with a new type of virus.(医生说他感染了一种新型病毒。) ·真题链接：Scientists are working hard to develop a vaccine against this (病毒).（答 案：irus) 12.finding/'fand/n.发现：调查结果；（法律）判决 ·易错点：易忽略单复数用法，表示“调查结果”时常用复数形式findings;易与finding作“发 现物”讲时的单数用法混淆。 ·精讲：固定搭配research findings(研究结果)；作“判决”讲时，为可数名词，如the court's finding(法庭判决)。 ·例句：The findings of the study have been published in a famous magazine.(这项研究的结果已发 表在一本著名杂志上。) ·真题链接：The team presented their (发现)at the international conference.(答案： findings） 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The number of tourists in the park by 30%since last month ●A.decrease ●B.decreases ·C.decreased ●D.has decreased 2.According to official the unemployment rate has dropped to 5%. 。A.statistic 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·B.statistics ●C.statistician ●D.statistical 3.The invention of electric cars has the way people travel. ●A.transformed ·B.changed 。C.turned 。D.shifted 4.The step of the project is to collect data from local communities. 。A.initial ·B.origin 。C.original 。D.beginning 5.The old castle a shadow over the small village all day long. ●A.casts ·B.cast ·C.casted ·D.is casting 6 the heavy rain,the sports meeting was put off. ●A.Thank to ●B.Thanks for 。C.Thanks to ●D.Because 7.Before starting the experiment,we need to build a framework 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 ·A.theory ●B.theoretical ●C.theories ·D.theoretically 8.The witness provided evidence to support his statement in court. 。A.solid ●B.concrete ·C.specific ●D.actual 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.There has been a significant (减少)in air pollution in this area. 2.The research team published their (调查结果)in a top scientific journal. 3.The engineer suggested using (混凝土)to reinforce the bridge 4.She (投射)a smile at me when I entered the room 5.The (spread quickly among the students last month. 6.We need a (具体的)plan to solve the problem effectively. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The company's profits d by 15%this quarter due to market changes. 2.T to your timely help,we finished the task ahead of schedule. 3.The new policy will t the local economy into a more competitive one. 4.The initial s of the project will take about three months. 5.The scientist spent years studying the virus and its v variants. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The temperature (decrease)to 5C last night. 2.These (statistic)show that more people are choosing public transport. 3.The artist (transform)the empty room into a beautiful studio last year. 高中选修2人教 寒假专版 4.Please write your full name and (initial)on the application form. 5.The heavy rain (pour)down all night,causing some flooding in the area. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1D2.B3.A4.A5B6.C7B8.A ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.decrease 2.findings 3.concrete 4.cast 5.virus 6.concrete ·三、首字母填空 1.decreased 2.Thanks 3.transform 4.stage 5.various ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.decreased 2.statistics 3.transformed 4.initials 5.poured