Unit 2 Live longer live better 二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【高中专版】 高中·沪教版·选择性必修第四册Unit2 Live longer,.live better? 单元词汇总览 dismiss/ds'mIs/w.不予考虑；摒爆裂 *magnificent/maeg'nnfisnt/adj. 弃：对…不屑一顾 choke∫k/~.(尤指感情激动 丽的：宏伟的 urgent/'3:d3nt/adj.紧急的：紧而)说不出话来：使哽咽；（使）*ulnerable/'VAInarabl/adj.(身 迫的 室息，噎着 体上或感情上)脆弱的，易受 resign /r'zam/w.辞职：辞去（某debt/detn.债（务）：欠（账）；…伤害的 职务) 借款：欠款：债务 infection/m'fekn/n.感染；传染 sneeze/sni:zw.打喷嚏 architect/'a:kItekt/n.建筑师 病：传染：感染 sink/sky.(sank,sunk)下沉：下forgive/fa'gIvw.(forgave,for-*alert/月'l3t/adj.警惕的；有警觉 陷：沉没 given)原谅：宽恕 的：戒备的 *smash/smev.打碎：破碎 tension'tenn/n.紧张局势（或bearded/'bIadId/adj.. 留胡须的； oweA/w.归因于：归功于；起关系、状况) 有胡须的 源于 *deterior ation/d.traria'ren/h.bend/bend/v.(bent,bent)拐弯； drown/draun/~.淹死；溺死 变坏：恶化：退化 弯曲：（使）倾斜，偏向 *miraculously /mI'raekjalasli/adv.harmony/'ha:mani/n.融洽：和 *sigh/sav.m.叹气：叹息 奇迹般地：不可思议地 睦 hence/hens/adv.因此 explode/k'splaud/.爆炸；爆破；glow/glau/n.暗淡的光 易错词汇精讲 1.dismiss/ds'mIsw.不予考虑；摒弃；对…不屑一顾 ·易错点：易与”dismiss from”(解雇)和dismiss as”(认为…不屑一提)的搭配混淆，忽略介 词使用。 ·精讲：dismiss作”解雇”时需接from+职位，如He was dismissed from his post';作认为 不值得考虑'时用dismiss sth.as,如'She dismissed his advice as nonsense''。 ·例句：The manager dismissed the idea as impractical.(经理认为这个想法不切实际而不予考虑。) ·真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：The proposal was (不予考虑) by the committee due to lack of evidence.(答案：dismissed) 2.owew.归因于；归功于：起源于 ·易错点：易混淆”owe to'”(归功于)和'owing to”（由于，介词短语)，误用”owing to'”作谓语动 词。 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·精讲：owe sth.tosb./sth.表示”把…归功于”，如She owes her success to hard work'”;owing to是介词短语，后接名词，如'Owing to the rain,the match was canceled''。 ·例句：We owe our happy life to the hard work of our parents. ·真题链接： (由于)his carelessness,he failed the exam.(答案：Owing to) 3.forgive/f3'grv/w.(forgave,forgiven)原谅；宽恕 ·易错点：易混淆过去式/过去分词(forgave,forgiven)与原形，误用forgived';固定搭配forgive sb.for sth./doing sth.”中易漏介词for。 ·精讲：不规则动词变化：forgive→forgave一→forgiven;表示”因某事原谅某人”需用for,如I forgave him for breaking the window" ·例句：She finally forgave her brother for lying to her. ·真题链接：He has (原谅)me for my mistake,.so we are good friends again.(答案： forgiven） 4.sink/sk/w.(sank,sunk)下沉；下陷；沉没 ·易错点：易混淆过去式sank与过去分词sunk,误用”sinked':被动语态中需用be sunk'”,主动 语态过去式用sank。 ·精讲：主动语态：The ship sank in the storm.被动语态：The boat was sunk by a rock ·例句：The sun sank below the horizon,and it got dark quickly. ·真题链接：The old ship (下沉)to the bottom of the sea after hitting an iceberg.(答 案：sank) 5.alert/'l3t/adj.警惕的：有警觉的：戒备的 ·易错点：易混淆”alert to”(对…警觉)与”alert sb.to sth.”(提醒某人注意某事)，忽略主动与 被动用法。 ·精讲：作形容词时用be alert to',如He is alert to danger”;作动词时用”alert sb.to sth.”,如She alerted us to the risk'”。 ·例句：All drivers must be alert to changing road conditions. ·真题链接：The teacher (提醒)the students to the importance of safety.(答案：alerted) 6.debt/detn.债（务）：欠（账） ·易错点：易误写为'debt'的发音与拼写不符（易漏写字母b),或混淆固定搭配'in debt''(负债） 与'out of debt'”(还清债务)。 ·精讲：debt中的字母b不发音；”in debt to sb.”表示”欠某人债，如He is in debt to his friend'。 ·例句：After paying off the loa,he was finally out of debt. 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·真题链接：He has been (负债)since he started his business last year.(答案：in debt) 7.tension/'tenfn/n.紧张局势（或关系、状况） ·易错点：易误写为tention'”(漏写字母s):易与”pressure”(压力)混淆，tension侧重”关系/局 势的紧张”，pressure侧重”外部压力”。 ·精讲：tension为不可数名词，如'racial tension'”(种族紧张)：pressure可作可数或不可数，如'work pressure”。 ·例句：The tension between the two countries has eased recently. ·真题链接：The (紧张)in the office made ever yone feel uncomfortable.(答案：tension) 8.hence /hens/adv.因此 ·易错点：易误用于句首且后接完整句子，忽略hence为副词，需用'hence+名词/现在分词”或 独立使用。 ·精讲：hence后接名词时无需连词，如He was ill,hence his absence'”;后接句子时需用逗号隔 开，如She is busy,.hence she can't come'”。 ·例句：The cost of materials rose,.hence the increase in price. ·真题链接：He missed the train, (因此)he was late for the meeting.(答案：hence) 9.ulnerable'VAInarabl/adj.(身体上或感情上)脆弱的，易受…伤害的 ·易错点：易误写为”unerable'”(字母1位置错误)：固定搭配”'ulnerable to”中易漏介词to。 ·精讲：后接介词to,表示”易受…影响”，如Children are vulnerable to colds”。 ·例句：The elderly are more vulnerable to serious illness. ·真题链接：People with weak immune systems are (易受…伤害的)to infections. (答案：ulnerable) 10.explode /ik'splaud/w.爆炸；爆破：爆裂 ·易错点：易混淆'explode'”(主动爆炸)与implode”(内爆)，或误用'explode with”(因情绪爆 发)时忽略介词with。 ·精讲：表示情绪爆发”用'explode with anger/laughter”,如'He exploded with rage”;表示物 体爆炸，直接接宾语，如The bomb exploded'。 ·例句：The audience exploded with applause at the end of the performance. ·真题链接：The fireworks (爆炸)in the sky,.creating a beautiful scene..(答案：exploded) 11.choke /tfauk/~.(使)室息；哽咽 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·易错点：易混淆'choke on sth.”(被某物噎住)与'choke up”(哽咽，说不出话)，忽略不同搭 配的含义。 ·精讲：choke on sth.如”She choked on a fish bone'';choke up如'He choked up when talking about his late mother”'。 ·例句：The smoke made her choke and cough. ·真题链接：He (哽咽)and couldn't finish his speech.(答案：choked up) 12.resign /ri'zan/W.辞职；辞去（某职务) ·易错点：易误写为"resign from”后接职位，忽略'resign as+职位”的搭配，如'resign as manager'” (辞去经理职务)。 ·精讲：resign作不及物动词时用resign from+单位”，如'He resigned from the company';作及 物动词时用'resign one'sp0st”。 ·例句：She decided to resign as CEO after the scandal. ·真题链接：He (辞职)from his job to pursue further studies..(答案：resigned) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The manager the suggestion as unworkable after careful consideration. 。A.dismissed from ●B.dismissed as ●C.dismissed ·D.dismissed by his hard work,he successfully passed the college entrance exam. ●A.Owe to ·B.Owing to 。C.Owed to ●D.Owing 3.She her brother for breaking her favorite vase last week. 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·A.forgave ·B.forgived 。C.forgiven ·D.forgave to 4.The old ship to the bottom of the sea during the storm last night. ·A.sinked ●B.sunk ·C.sank ●D.was sank 5.The teacher the students to the danger of swimming in the river. ●A.alert to 。B.alerted ·C.alet ·D.alerted to 6.People with chronic illnesses are more _to severe symptoms of the virus. ●A.ulnerable for ·B.ulnerable to 。C.ulnerable ·D.ulnerably 7.The between the two neighboring countries has increased recently due to territorial disputes. ·A.pressure ●B.tension ●C.tention 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·D.press 8.He was caught in a traffic jam; he missed the opening ceremony. 。A.hence ●B.however ●C.therefore ●D.because 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The company decided to (him from his position because of his dishonesty 2.She (归功于)her success to the support of her family and friends, 3.After years of hard work,the farmer was finally (还清债务). 4.The hot weather and heavy workload led to (紧张)among the construction workers. 5.The little girl felt (脆弱的)and scared when she got lost in the shopping mall.. 6.He failed the exam ()his lack of preparation and carelessness 3.三、首字母填空 1.It is unwise to d others'opinions without listening to them carefully. 2.0 to the heavy rain,the outdoor concert was canceled yesterday evening. 3.The patient's health condition is getting worse;she is more v_ to infections now. 4.The economic crisis left many families in d and they struggled to make ends meet 5.The two countries held a meeting to ease the t along the border. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He has (forgive)me for my rudeness,so our friendship has been restored. 2.The sun (sink)below the horizon when we arrived at the beach. 3.The company announced that it would (resign)three senior managers next month. 4.Children are more (vulnerable)to air pollution than adults. 5.The cost of living has risen sharply, (hence)many people are cutting down on expenses. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.B7.B8.A 高中·沪教版 易错词汇专版 ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.dismiss 2.owes 3.out of debt 4.tension 5.vulnerable 6.owing to ·三、首字母填空 1.dismiss 2.Owing 3.vulnerable 4.debt 5.tension ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.forgiven 2.sank 3.resign 4.vulnerable 5.hence