Unit 2 Live longer, live better?一轮复习单词及派生词语境记忆法 导学案-2026届高三英语沪教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案系统梳理了选择性必修4 Unit 2核心词汇及派生词，按“词汇-派生词-语境应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过中英文对照的填空任务引导学生自主关联单词词性、词义及用法，形成结构化词汇网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于语境化自测诊断与任务驱动式学习设计，每个词汇模块均设置英文填空练习，学生可通过参考答案自主检测词汇应用能力，培养语言能力和学习能力。这种设计帮助学生构建个性化词汇记忆体系，教师能通过学生填空反馈精准把握学情，有效支持因材施教。

高中英语 词汇语境记忆法 沪教版高中英语选择性必修4—生词及派生词语境记忆法 Unit 2 Live longer, live better? 1. corporation n. （大）公司；法人团体。corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；共同的。 英文：The large technology ________ launched a ________ social responsibility program focused on environmental protection, and all its employees actively participated in this ________ initiative, such as tree-planting and waste classification. 中文：这家大型科技公司启动了一项以环保为核心的企业社会责任计划，全体员工都积极参与了这项公司倡议，比如植树造林和垃圾分类活动。 2. script n. 剧本；电影剧本；广播稿；v. 写剧本；改编剧本。scriptwriter n. 编剧；剧本作者。 英文：The famous ________ was invited to ________ a historical movie about ancient warriors, and his well-structured ________, with vivid character dialogues, won high praise from the director and production team. 中文：这位知名编剧受邀为一部关于古代将士的历史电影撰写剧本，他创作的剧本结构严谨、人物对话生动，得到了导演和制作团队的高度赞扬。 3. entrepreneur n. 创业者；企业家。entrepreneurial adj. 创业的；企业家的。entrepreneurship n. 创业精神；企业家精神。 英文：The young ________, full of passion, showed great ________ in the field of renewable energy, and his ________ project of solar-powered household products helped many young people start their own businesses in the green industry. 中文：这位充满激情的年轻企业家在可再生能源领域展现出强烈的企业家精神，他的太阳能家用产品创业项目，帮助许多年轻人在绿色产业开启了自己的创业之路。 4. immortality n. 永生；不朽；不灭。immortal adj. 不朽的；永生的；神仙的；n. 神仙；不朽人物。 英文：Many ancient Chinese myths describe ________ who pursue ________ through cultivating virtue, and their ________ deeds of protecting the people from disasters have been passed down for thousands of years. 中文：许多中国古代神话都描绘了通过修德追求永生的神仙，他们保护百姓免受灾祸的不朽事迹流传了数千年。 5. transplant v. 移植（器官、皮肤等）；移栽；n. 移植；移栽；移植器官。transplantation n. 移植；移栽。 英文：The experienced surgeon successfully performed a heart ________ operation on a 10-year-old child, and this ________ of the donated heart from a kind donor saved the young patient’s life. 中文：这位经验丰富的医生成功为一名10岁儿童实施了心脏移植手术，这次来自爱心捐赠者的心脏移植挽救了小病人的生命。 6. fundamentally adv. 根本上；完全地。fundamental adj. 基本的；根本的。 英文：The educational reform ________ changed the old exam-oriented system, and it solved the ________ problems of ignoring students’ practical abilities that had existed for a long time. 中文：这场教育改革从根本上改变了旧的应试教育体制，解决了长期存在的、忽视学生实践能力培养的根本性问题。 7. mere adj. 仅仅的；只不过。merely adv. 仅仅；只不过。 英文：His ________ verbal apology was far from enough to make up for the loss; he ________ said sorry perfunctorily without showing any sincere remorse or taking practical remedial actions. 中文：他仅仅是口头道歉，远远不足以弥补造成的损失，因为他只不过是敷衍地说了句对不起，既没有真诚的悔意，也没有采取实际的补救措施。 8. purely adv. 仅仅；完全；纯粹地。pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯净的。purity n. 纯净；纯洁；纯正。 英文：The spring water from the mountain is ________ natural and ________, with no artificial additives; its high ________ makes it suitable for direct drinking and brewing tea. 中文：这座山里的泉水是纯天然且纯净的，不含任何人工添加剂，其高纯净度足以支撑直接饮用和泡茶。 9. criminal n. 罪犯；犯人；adj. 犯罪的；刑事的。crime n. 罪行；犯罪。 英文：The ________, who had a history of theft, committed a serious robbery ________ in the downtown bank, and he was quickly arrested by the police for his violent ________ behavior. 中文：这名有盗窃前科的罪犯在市中心银行犯下了严重的抢劫罪行，因其暴力犯罪行为被警方迅速逮捕。 10. severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的。severely adv. 严重地；严厉地。severity n. 严重；严厉。 英文：The coastal region was ________ hit by the ________ typhoon, which destroyed many houses and farmlands; the ________ of the disaster surprised both the local residents and the rescue teams. 中文：沿海地区遭遇了强台风的严重袭击，许多房屋和农田被摧毁，这场灾难的严重程度让当地居民和救援队都感到震惊。 11. resistance n. 反对；抵制；抗拒；阻力。resist v. 抵抗；抵制；忍住。resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐……的。 英文：The special alloy material is ________ to high temperature and corrosion, so it can ________ extreme heat and chemical erosion well, and its strong ________ to wear also makes it suitable for industrial use. 中文：这种特殊合金材料耐高温、耐腐蚀，能很好地抵御极端高温和化学侵蚀，其出色的抗磨损能力也让它适用于工业场景。 12. dynamic adj. 动态的；发展变化的；充满活力的；n. 动力；动态。dynamically adv. 动态地；充满活力地。 英文：The ________ young manager runs the startup company ________, adjusting strategies according to market changes; the positive ________ of the team keeps everyone motivated and innovative. 中文：这位充满活力的年轻经理以灵活动态的方式管理这家初创公司，根据市场变化调整策略，团队的积极发展动力让所有人都干劲十足、勇于创新。 13. opponent n. 反对者；对手。oppose v. 反对；反抗。opposition n. 反对；反对派。 英文：The politician’s main ________ in the election strongly ________ his proposal on tax reform, and the fierce ________ from the business community also made him reconsider the feasibility of the plan. 中文：这位政客在选举中的主要对手强烈反对他的税制改革提案，来自商界的激烈反对声也让他重新考虑这项计划的可行性。 14. mechanics n. 力学；机械学；机械装置。mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的。mechanic n. 机械师；技工。 英文：The skilled auto ________ knows a lot about ________ principles and ________; he can efficiently repair various ________ devices in cars, from engines to transmission systems. 中文：这位技术娴熟的汽车机械师精通机械原理和机械学知识，能高效修理汽车上的各类机械设备，从发动机到传动系统都不在话下。 15. condemn v. 宣判；判处；谴责。condemnation n. 谴责；定罪。 英文：The court ________ the criminal to ten years in prison for committing intentional injury, and this just ________, which upheld justice, was widely welcomed by the public. 中文：法庭因这名罪犯犯有故意伤害罪，判处其十年监禁，这一维护正义的定罪结果受到了公众的广泛认可。 16. sustain v. 维持（生命、生存）；支撑；承受。sustenance n. 食物；营养；维持。sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；足可支撑的。 英文：In the harsh desert environment, plants need sunlight, water and scarce nutrients to ________ life; this natural ________ helps them grow in a ________ way despite the harsh conditions. 中文：在恶劣的沙漠环境中，植物需要阳光、水分和稀缺的养分来维持生命，这些自然养分让它们即便在艰苦条件下也能以可持续的方式生长。 17. propose v. 提议；建议；求婚。proposal n. 提议；建议；求婚。 英文：He decided to ________ to his girlfriend on the top of the mountain where they first met, and his romantic ________—with candles, flowers and a handwritten letter—surprised and moved her deeply. 中文：他决定在他们初次相遇的山顶向女友求婚，他的浪漫求婚举动——有蜡烛、鲜花和手写情书相伴——让她既惊喜又感动。 18. drill n. 练习；训练；钻头；v. 钻孔；训练；操练。driller n. 钻孔机；钻探工。 英文：The oil ________ used a high-power ________ to ________ a deep hole in the oil field; before starting work, he and his team also did several safety ________ to prevent accidents. 中文：这位石油钻探工用大功率钻头在油田钻了一个深孔，开工前，他和团队还进行了多次安全演练，以防意外发生。 19. dismiss v. 不予考虑；摒弃；解雇；解散。dismissal n. 解雇；免职；驳回。dismissive adj. 轻蔑的；不予理会的。 英文：The manager decided to ________ the lazy employee who often skipped work; the ________ letter clearly stated that his ________ attitude towards work and repeated violations of company rules were the main reasons. 中文：经理决定解雇这名经常旷工的懒惰员工，解雇通知书中明确写明，他对工作敷衍轻蔑的态度以及多次违反公司规定是主要原因。 20. urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的。urge v. 催促；力劝；强烈要求。urgency n. 紧急；紧迫性。urgently adv. 紧急地。 英文：The doctor ________ the patient with acute appendicitis to receive surgery ________, explaining that the ________ situation required immediate action due to the high ________ of avoiding rupture. 中文：医生力劝患有急性阑尾炎的病人立即接受手术，解释说鉴于要避免阑尾破裂的高度紧迫性，当前的紧急状况需要立刻采取行动。 21. resign v. 辞职；辞去（某职务）；放弃。resignation n. 辞职；辞职信；顺从。 英文：The department manager chose to ________ from his position to spend more time with his family; he submitted a formal ________ letter to the company yesterday, expressing his gratitude for the years of cultivation. 中文：这位部门经理选择辞去职务，以便有更多时间陪伴家人，他昨天已向公司提交了正式的辞职信，表达了对公司多年培养的感激之情。 22. drown v. 淹死；溺死；淹没。drowning n. 溺水；溺死。drowned adj. 淹死的；淹没的。 英文：The lifeguard quickly jumped into the river and saved the ________ child who had accidentally fallen in; after rescuing the child, he also taught the onlookers how to avoid ________ accidents and perform first aid. 中文：救生员迅速跳入河中，救起了意外落水的溺水儿童，营救成功后，他还向围观群众讲解了如何避免溺水事故以及如何进行急救。 23. miraculously adv. 奇迹般地；不可思议地。miracle n. 奇迹；神迹。miraculous adj. 奇迹般的；不可思议的。 英文：The soldier, who was seriously injured in the battle, recovered ________ after months of treatment; this ________ recovery, which defied medical expectations, was regarded as a real ________ by his comrades and family. 中文：这名在战斗中受重伤的士兵，经过数月治疗后奇迹般地康复了，这场超出医学预期的不可思议的痊愈，被他的战友和家人视作一个真正的奇迹。 24. explode v. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂；爆发。explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增。explosive adj. 爆炸的；爆炸性的；n. 炸药。 英文：The bomb hidden in the abandoned warehouse could ________ at any time; the police warned that the ________ of this ________ device would cause great damage to the surrounding residential areas. 中文：藏在废弃仓库里的炸弹随时可能爆炸，警方警告说，这个爆炸装置的引爆将会对周边居民区造成巨大破坏。 25. choke v. （尤指感情激动而）说不出话来；使哽咽；窒息；n. 窒息；噎住；阻气门。choked adj. 哽咽的；窒息的。 英文：She ________ up when she heard the sad news of her grandmother’s passing; her ________ voice, full of grief, made everyone around her feel sad too. 中文：听到祖母去世的噩耗，她哽咽得说不出话来，她那充满悲痛的哽咽声音，让周围的人也都倍感难过。 26. debt n. 借款；欠款；债务。debtor n. 债务人；借方。indebted adj. 负债的；感激的。 英文：The small business ________ tried his best to pay off his ________ after the economic recovery; he felt deeply ________ to his friends who had lent him money and supported him during the hard time. 中文：这位小企业债务人在经济复苏后努力偿还债务，他深深感激那些在困难时期借钱支持他的朋友。 27. architect n. 建筑师；缔造者。architecture n. 建筑学；建筑风格。architectural adj. 建筑的；建筑学的。 英文：The famous international ________ designed a cultural center with unique modern ________; its innovative ________ style, combining art and functionality, has become a new landmark of the city. 中文：这位知名国际建筑师设计了一座拥有独特现代建筑风格的文化中心，其融合艺术与功能性的创新建筑风格，成了这座城市新的地标。 28. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕；饶恕。forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕。forgivable adj. 可原谅的。forgiven adj. 被原谅的。 英文：She chose to ________ her friend’s ________ mistake of forgetting her birthday; this sincere ________ eliminated the misunderstanding between them and made their friendship stronger than before. 中文：她选择原谅朋友忘记自己生日这个可谅解的过错，这份真诚的宽恕消除了她们之间的误会，让她们的友谊比之前更加牢固。 29. tension n. 紧张局势（或关系、状况）；张力；紧张。tense adj. 紧张的；绷紧的；v. （使）绷紧；（使）紧张。 英文：The ________ atmosphere at the negotiation table increased the ________ between the two companies; as neither side was willing to compromise, the situation continued to ________ up as time went by. 中文：谈判桌上的紧张氛围加剧了两家公司之间的紧张关系，由于双方都不愿妥协，随着时间推移，局势持续变得紧张。 30. deterioration n. 变坏；恶化；退化。deteriorate v. 恶化；变坏；退化。 英文：The elderly patient’s health began to ________ rapidly after catching a cold; the ________ of his respiratory condition worried all his family members, who took turns caring for him at the hospital. 中文：这位老年病人感冒后，健康状况开始迅速恶化，他呼吸系统状况的变差让所有家人都忧心忡忡，纷纷轮流到医院照顾他。 31. harmony n. 融洽；和睦；和谐。harmonious adj. 和谐的；融洽的。harmonize v. 使和谐；调和。 英文：We should live in ________ with nature; to achieve this, we need to ________ human production activities with the ecological environment, thus creating a ________ world for all living beings. 中文：我们应当与自然和谐共处，要实现这一点，就需要让人类的生产活动与生态环境相协调，从而为所有生物打造一个和谐的世界。 32. magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的；极好的。magnificence n. 壮丽；宏伟。 英文：The ________ imperial palace, with its red walls and golden tiles, fully showed the ________ of the ancient empire; every corner of it was decorated with exquisite carvings and paintings. 中文：这座宏伟的故宫，红墙金瓦，尽显古代帝国的壮丽辉煌，宫殿的每个角落都装饰着精美的雕刻和绘画。 33. vulnerable adj. （身体上或感情上）脆弱的，易受……伤害的。vulnerability n. 脆弱性；易受伤害性。 英文：The elderly with weak immunity are more ________ to seasonal diseases; we should pay close attention to their ________ and take good care of them by keeping them warm and ensuring a balanced diet. 中文：免疫力低下的老年人更容易受到季节性疾病的侵袭，我们应当关注他们的脆弱性，通过保暖、保证均衡饮食等方式好好照顾他们。 34. infection n. （身体某部位的）感染；传染病。infect v. 感染；传染；使受影响。infectious adj. 传染的；有感染力的。 英文：The newly discovered ________ disease can ________ people through close contact; this type of ________ may cause serious respiratory symptoms in elderly and infirm patients. 中文：这种新发现的传染病可通过密切接触传染给他人，这类感染可能会让老年体弱的病人出现严重的呼吸道症状。 35. bearded adj. 留胡子的；有胡须的。beard n. 胡须；络腮胡。 英文：The ________ old scholar stroked his gray ________ gently while telling us many interesting stories about ancient literature from his childhood. 中文：这位留着胡子的老学者一边轻轻捋着自己的灰白胡须，一边给我们讲了许多他儿时听过的古代文学趣事。 36. bend v. 拐弯；弯曲；弯腰；n. 弯曲；弯道。bent adj. 弯曲的；决心的。 英文：He had to ________ down to pick up the children’s toy that fell on the ground, and as he stood up, he accidentally hit his head on the ________ branch of the old tree above him. 中文：他不得不弯腰去捡掉在地上的儿童玩具，起身时，不小心撞到了头顶上那棵老树上的弯曲树枝。 37. hence adv. 因此；由此；今后。henceforth adv. 从今以后；自此以后。 英文：He made a serious mistake in the important project, which caused huge losses to the company; ________ he was fired, and ________ he decided to learn professional skills systematically and be more careful with his work. 中文：他在重要项目中犯了严重错误，给公司造成了巨大损失，因此被公司解雇，从今以后他决定系统学习专业技能，在工作中更加谨慎。 38. occupy v. 使用，占用（空间、面积、时间等）；占据；占领。occupation n. 职业；占有；占领。occupant n. 居住者；占用者。 英文：The ________ of the small apartment is a freelance designer; he uses the space for his ________ of creating designs, and he does not ________ too much area with his design tools and materials. 中文：这间小公寓的居住者是一名自由设计师，他将这个空间用于自己的设计创作职业，他的设计工具和材料没有占用太多面积。 39. legend n. 传说；传奇故事；传奇人物。legendary adj. 传奇的；传说中的。 英文：The book tells the story of a ________ hero who defended his hometown from invaders; this inspiring ________ has been passed down among the local people for hundreds of years. 中文：这本书讲述了一位保卫家乡、抵抗入侵者的传奇英雄的故事，这个鼓舞人心的传说已经在当地百姓中流传了数百年。 40. frustrate v. 使沮丧；使懊恼；挫败。frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败。frustrated adj. 沮丧的；受挫的。frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的。 英文：The ________ result of failing the key exam ________ him deeply; his overwhelming ________ made him want to give up his study plan at that moment, but his teacher’s encouragement pulled him together. 中文：关键考试失利这个令人沮丧的结果让他深受打击，满心的挫败感让他在那一刻萌生了放弃学习计划的念头，但老师的鼓励让他重新振作起来。 沪教版高中英语选择性必修4—生词及派生词语境记忆法 参考答案 Unit 2 Live longer, live better? 1. corporation n. （大）公司；法人团体。corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；共同的。 英文：The large technology corporation launched a corporate social responsibility program focused on environmental protection, and all its employees actively participated in this corporate initiative, such as tree-planting and waste classification. 中文：这家大型科技公司启动了一项以环保为核心的企业社会责任计划，全体员工都积极参与了这项公司倡议，比如植树造林和垃圾分类活动。 2. script n. 剧本；电影剧本；广播稿；v. 写剧本；改编剧本。scriptwriter n. 编剧；剧本作者。 英文：The famous scriptwriter was invited to script a historical movie about ancient warriors, and his well-structured script, with vivid character dialogues, won high praise from the director and production team. 中文：这位知名编剧受邀为一部关于古代将士的历史电影撰写剧本，他创作的剧本结构严谨、人物对话生动，得到了导演和制作团队的高度赞扬。 3. entrepreneur n. 创业者；企业家。entrepreneurial adj. 创业的；企业家的。entrepreneurship n. 创业精神；企业家精神。 英文：The young entrepreneur, full of passion, showed great entrepreneurship in the field of renewable energy, and his entrepreneurial project of solar-powered household products helped many young people start their own businesses in the green industry. 中文：这位充满激情的年轻企业家在可再生能源领域展现出强烈的企业家精神，他的太阳能家用产品创业项目，帮助许多年轻人在绿色产业开启了自己的创业之路。 4. immortality n. 永生；不朽；不灭。immortal adj. 不朽的；永生的；神仙的；n. 神仙；不朽人物。 英文：Many ancient Chinese myths describe immortals who pursue immortality through cultivating virtue, and their immortal deeds of protecting the people from disasters have been passed down for thousands of years. 中文：许多中国古代神话都描绘了通过修德追求永生的神仙，他们保护百姓免受灾祸的不朽事迹流传了数千年。 5. transplant v. 移植（器官、皮肤等）；移栽；n. 移植；移栽；移植器官。transplantation n. 移植；移栽。 英文：The experienced surgeon successfully performed a heart transplant operation on a 10-year-old child, and this transplantation of the donated heart from a kind donor saved the young patient’s life. 中文：这位经验丰富的医生成功为一名10岁儿童实施了心脏移植手术，这次来自爱心捐赠者的心脏移植挽救了小病人的生命。 6. fundamentally adv. 根本上；完全地。fundamental adj. 基本的；根本的。 英文：The educational reform fundamentally changed the old exam-oriented system, and it solved the fundamental problems of ignoring students’ practical abilities that had existed for a long time. 中文：这场教育改革从根本上改变了旧的应试教育体制，解决了长期存在的、忽视学生实践能力培养的根本性问题。 7. mere adj. 仅仅的；只不过。merely adv. 仅仅；只不过。 英文：His mere verbal apology was far from enough to make up for the loss; he merely said sorry perfunctorily without showing any sincere remorse or taking practical remedial actions. 中文：他仅仅是口头道歉，远远不足以弥补造成的损失，因为他只不过是敷衍地说了句对不起，既没有真诚的悔意，也没有采取实际的补救措施。 8. purely adv. 仅仅；完全；纯粹地。pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯净的。purity n. 纯净；纯洁；纯正。 英文：The spring water from the mountain is purely natural and pure, with no artificial additives; its high purity makes it suitable for direct drinking and brewing tea. 中文：这座山里的泉水是纯天然且纯净的，不含任何人工添加剂，其高纯净度足以支撑直接饮用和泡茶。 9. criminal n. 罪犯；犯人；adj. 犯罪的；刑事的。crime n. 罪行；犯罪。 英文：The criminal, who had a history of theft, committed a serious robbery crime in the downtown bank, and he was quickly arrested by the police for his violent criminal behavior. 中文：这名有盗窃前科的罪犯在市中心银行犯下了严重的抢劫罪行，因其暴力犯罪行为被警方迅速逮捕。 10. severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的。severely adv. 严重地；严厉地。severity n. 严重；严厉。 英文：The coastal region was severely hit by the severe typhoon, which destroyed many houses and farmlands; the severity of the disaster surprised both the local residents and the rescue teams. 中文：沿海地区遭遇了强台风的严重袭击，许多房屋和农田被摧毁，这场灾难的严重程度让当地居民和救援队都感到震惊。 11. resistance n. 反对；抵制；抗拒；阻力。resist v. 抵抗；抵制；忍住。resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐……的。 英文：The special alloy material is resistant to high temperature and corrosion, so it can resist extreme heat and chemical erosion well, and its strong resistance to wear also makes it suitable for industrial use. 中文：这种特殊合金材料耐高温、耐腐蚀，能很好地抵御极端高温和化学侵蚀，其出色的抗磨损能力也让它适用于工业场景。 12. dynamic adj. 动态的；发展变化的；充满活力的；n. 动力；动态。dynamically adv. 动态地；充满活力地。 英文：The dynamic young manager runs the startup company dynamically, adjusting strategies according to market changes; the positive dynamic of the team keeps everyone motivated and innovative. 中文：这位充满活力的年轻经理以灵活动态的方式管理这家初创公司，根据市场变化调整策略，团队的积极发展动力让所有人都干劲十足、勇于创新。 13. opponent n. 反对者；对手。oppose v. 反对；反抗。opposition n. 反对；反对派。 英文：The politician’s main opponent in the election strongly opposed his proposal on tax reform, and the fierce opposition from the business community also made him reconsider the feasibility of the plan. 中文：这位政客在选举中的主要对手强烈反对他的税制改革提案，来自商界的激烈反对声也让他重新考虑这项计划的可行性。 14. mechanics n. 力学；机械学；机械装置。mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的。mechanic n. 机械师；技工。 英文：The skilled auto mechanic knows a lot about mechanical principles and mechanics; he can efficiently repair various mechanical devices in cars, from engines to transmission systems. 中文：这位技术娴熟的汽车机械师精通机械原理和机械学知识，能高效修理汽车上的各类机械设备，从发动机到传动系统都不在话下。 15. condemn v. 宣判；判处；谴责。condemnation n. 谴责；定罪。 英文：The court condemned the criminal to ten years in prison for committing intentional injury, and this just condemnation, which upheld justice, was widely welcomed by the public. 中文：法庭因这名罪犯犯有故意伤害罪，判处其十年监禁，这一维护正义的定罪结果受到了公众的广泛认可。 16. sustain v. 维持（生命、生存）；支撑；承受。sustenance n. 食物；营养；维持。sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；足可支撑的。 英文：In the harsh desert environment, plants need sunlight, water and scarce nutrients to sustain life; this natural sustenance helps them grow in a sustainable way despite the harsh conditions. 中文：在恶劣的沙漠环境中，植物需要阳光、水分和稀缺的养分来维持生命，这些自然养分让它们即便在艰苦条件下也能以可持续的方式生长。 17. propose v. 提议；建议；求婚。proposal n. 提议；建议；求婚。 英文：He decided to propose to his girlfriend on the top of the mountain where they first met, and his romantic proposal—with candles, flowers and a handwritten letter—surprised and moved her deeply. 中文：他决定在他们初次相遇的山顶向女友求婚，他的浪漫求婚举动——有蜡烛、鲜花和手写情书相伴——让她既惊喜又感动。 18. drill n. 练习；训练；钻头；v. 钻孔；训练；操练。driller n. 钻孔机；钻探工。 英文：The oil driller used a high-power drill to drill a deep hole in the oil field; before starting work, he and his team also did several safety drills to prevent accidents. 中文：这位石油钻探工用大功率钻头在油田钻了一个深孔，开工前，他和团队还进行了多次安全演练，以防意外发生。 19. dismiss v. 不予考虑；摒弃；解雇；解散。dismissal n. 解雇；免职；驳回。dismissive adj. 轻蔑的；不予理会的。 英文：The manager decided to dismiss the lazy employee who often skipped work; the dismissal letter clearly stated that his dismissive attitude towards work and repeated violations of company rules were the main reasons. 中文：经理决定解雇这名经常旷工的懒惰员工，解雇通知书中明确写明，他对工作敷衍轻蔑的态度以及多次违反公司规定是主要原因。 20. urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的。urge v. 催促；力劝；强烈要求。urgency n. 紧急；紧迫性。urgently adv. 紧急地。 英文：The doctor urged the patient with acute appendicitis to receive surgery urgently, explaining that the urgent situation required immediate action due to the high urgency of avoiding rupture. 中文：医生力劝患有急性阑尾炎的病人立即接受手术，解释说鉴于要避免阑尾破裂的高度紧迫性，当前的紧急状况需要立刻采取行动。 21. resign v. 辞职；辞去（某职务）；放弃。resignation n. 辞职；辞职信；顺从。 英文：The department manager chose to resign from his position to spend more time with his family; he submitted a formal resignation letter to the company yesterday, expressing his gratitude for the years of cultivation. 中文：这位部门经理选择辞去职务，以便有更多时间陪伴家人，他昨天已向公司提交了正式的辞职信，表达了对公司多年培养的感激之情。 22. drown v. 淹死；溺死；淹没。drowning n. 溺水；溺死。drowned adj. 淹死的；淹没的。 英文：The lifeguard quickly jumped into the river and saved the drowning child who had accidentally fallen in; after rescuing the child, he also taught the onlookers how to avoid drowning accidents and perform first aid. 中文：救生员迅速跳入河中，救起了意外落水的溺水儿童，营救成功后，他还向围观群众讲解了如何避免溺水事故以及如何进行急救。 23. miraculously adv. 奇迹般地；不可思议地。miracle n. 奇迹；神迹。miraculous adj. 奇迹般的；不可思议的。 英文：The soldier, who was seriously injured in the battle, recovered miraculously after months of treatment; this miraculous recovery, which defied medical expectations, was regarded as a real miracle by his comrades and family. 中文：这名在战斗中受重伤的士兵，经过数月治疗后奇迹般地康复了，这场超出医学预期的不可思议的痊愈，被他的战友和家人视作一个真正的奇迹。 24. explode v. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂；爆发。explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增。explosive adj. 爆炸的；爆炸性的；n. 炸药。 英文：The bomb hidden in the abandoned warehouse could explode at any time; the police warned that the explosion of this explosive device would cause great damage to the surrounding residential areas. 中文：藏在废弃仓库里的炸弹随时可能爆炸，警方警告说，这个爆炸装置的引爆将会对周边居民区造成巨大破坏。 25. choke v. （尤指感情激动而）说不出话来；使哽咽；窒息；n. 窒息；噎住；阻气门。choked adj. 哽咽的；窒息的。 英文：She choked up when she heard the sad news of her grandmother’s passing; her choked voice, full of grief, made everyone around her feel sad too. 中文：听到祖母去世的噩耗，她哽咽得说不出话来，她那充满悲痛的哽咽声音，让周围的人也都倍感难过。 26. debt n. 借款；欠款；债务。debtor n. 债务人；借方。indebted adj. 负债的；感激的。 英文：The small business debtor tried his best to pay off his debt after the economic recovery; he felt deeply indebted to his friends who had lent him money and supported him during the hard time. 中文：这位小企业债务人在经济复苏后努力偿还债务，他深深感激那些在困难时期借钱支持他的朋友。 27. architect n. 建筑师；缔造者。architecture n. 建筑学；建筑风格。architectural adj. 建筑的；建筑学的。 英文：The famous international architect designed a cultural center with unique modern architecture; its innovative architectural style, combining art and functionality, has become a new landmark of the city. 中文：这位知名国际建筑师设计了一座拥有独特现代建筑风格的文化中心，其融合艺术与功能性的创新建筑风格，成了这座城市新的地标。 28. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕；饶恕。forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕。forgivable adj. 可原谅的。forgiven adj. 被原谅的。 英文：She chose to forgive her friend’s forgivable mistake of forgetting her birthday; this sincere forgiveness eliminated the misunderstanding between them and made their friendship stronger than before. 中文：她选择原谅朋友忘记自己生日这个可谅解的过错，这份真诚的宽恕消除了她们之间的误会，让她们的友谊比之前更加牢固。 29. tension n. 紧张局势（或关系、状况）；张力；紧张。tense adj. 紧张的；绷紧的；v. （使）绷紧；（使）紧张。 英文：The tense atmosphere at the negotiation table increased the tension between the two companies; as neither side was willing to compromise, the situation continued to tense up as time went by. 中文：谈判桌上的紧张氛围加剧了两家公司之间的紧张关系，由于双方都不愿妥协，随着时间推移，局势持续变得紧张。 30. deterioration n. 变坏；恶化；退化。deteriorate v. 恶化；变坏；退化。 英文：The elderly patient’s health began to deteriorate rapidly after catching a cold; the deterioration of his respiratory condition worried all his family members, who took turns caring for him at the hospital. 中文：这位老年病人感冒后，健康状况开始迅速恶化，他呼吸系统状况的变差让所有家人都忧心忡忡，纷纷轮流到医院照顾他。 31. harmony n. 融洽；和睦；和谐。harmonious adj. 和谐的；融洽的。harmonize v. 使和谐；调和。 英文：We should live in harmony with nature; to achieve this, we need to harmonize human production activities with the ecological environment, thus creating a harmonious world for all living beings. 中文：我们应当与自然和谐共处，要实现这一点，就需要让人类的生产活动与生态环境相协调，从而为所有生物打造一个和谐的世界。 32. magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的；极好的。magnificence n. 壮丽；宏伟。 英文：The magnificent imperial palace, with its red walls and golden tiles, fully showed the magnificence of the ancient empire; every corner of it was decorated with exquisite carvings and paintings. 中文：这座宏伟的故宫，红墙金瓦，尽显古代帝国的壮丽辉煌，宫殿的每个角落都装饰着精美的雕刻和绘画。 33. vulnerable adj. （身体上或感情上）脆弱的，易受……伤害的。vulnerability n. 脆弱性；易受伤害性。 英文：The elderly with weak immunity are more vulnerable to seasonal diseases; we should pay close attention to their vulnerability and take good care of them by keeping them warm and ensuring a balanced diet. 中文：免疫力低下的老年人更容易受到季节性疾病的侵袭，我们应当关注他们的脆弱性，通过保暖、保证均衡饮食等方式好好照顾他们。 34. infection n. （身体某部位的）感染；传染病。infect v. 感染；传染；使受影响。infectious adj. 传染的；有感染力的。 英文：The newly discovered infectious disease can infect people through close contact; this type of infection may cause serious respiratory symptoms in elderly and infirm patients. 中文：这种新发现的传染病可通过密切接触传染给他人，这类感染可能会让老年体弱的病人出现严重的呼吸道症状。 35. bearded adj. 留胡子的；有胡须的。beard n. 胡须；络腮胡。 英文：The bearded old scholar stroked his gray beard gently while telling us many interesting stories about ancient literature from his childhood. 中文：这位留着胡子的老学者一边轻轻捋着自己的灰白胡须，一边给我们讲了许多他儿时听过的古代文学趣事。 36. bend v. 拐弯；弯曲；弯腰；n. 弯曲；弯道。bent adj. 弯曲的；决心的。 英文：He had to bend down to pick up the children’s toy that fell on the ground, and as he stood up, he accidentally hit his head on the bent branch of the old tree above him. 中文：他不得不弯腰去捡掉在地上的儿童玩具，起身时，不小心撞到了头顶上那棵老树上的弯曲树枝。 37. hence adv. 因此；由此；今后。henceforth adv. 从今以后；自此以后。 英文：He made a serious mistake in the important project, which caused huge losses to the company; hence he was fired, and henceforth he decided to learn professional skills systematically and be more careful with his work. 中文：他在重要项目中犯了严重错误，给公司造成了巨大损失，因此被公司解雇，从今以后他决定系统学习专业技能，在工作中更加谨慎。 38. occupy v. 使用，占用（空间、面积、时间等）；占据；占领。occupation n. 职业；占有；占领。occupant n. 居住者；占用者。 英文：The occupant of the small apartment is a freelance designer; he uses the space for his occupation of creating designs, and he does not occupy too much area with his design tools and materials. 中文：这间小公寓的居住者是一名自由设计师，他将这个空间用于自己的设计创作职业，他的设计工具和材料没有占用太多面积。 39. legend n. 传说；传奇故事；传奇人物。legendary adj. 传奇的；传说中的。 英文：The book tells the story of a legendary hero who defended his hometown from invaders; this inspiring legend has been passed down among the local people for hundreds of years. 中文：这本书讲述了一位保卫家乡、抵抗入侵者的传奇英雄的故事，这个鼓舞人心的传说已经在当地百姓中流传了数百年。 40. frustrate v. 使沮丧；使懊恼；挫败。frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败。frustrated adj. 沮丧的；受挫的。frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的。 英文：The frustrating result of failing the key exam frustrated him deeply; his overwhelming frustration made him want to give up his study plan at that moment, but his teacher’s encouragement pulled him together. 中文：关键考试失利这个令人沮丧的结果让他深受打击，满心的挫败感让他在那一刻萌生了放弃学习计划的念头，但老师的鼓励让他重新振作起来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $