Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2、3-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·北师大版·选修4Unit12:Innovation Lesson2&3 单元词汇总览 emerge /i'm3:d3vi.出现；浮现theoretical/,0 I'retrkl/adj.理论论：宇宙学 coincidence /kav'nsidans/n.巧的；理论上的 grand/graend/adj.宏伟的：壮丽 合：巧事 overcome/,Uva'km/t.克服的；隆重的 clueless/'klu:las/adi.一无所知（困难）：控制（感情）；征服 in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管… 的：一窍不通的 decline /dr'klam/v.减少：降低：（仍） incubation/,ykju'ben/n.孵化；谢绝：n.下降；衰退 bonus/b3 onas/n.意外收获：额 潜伏期 PhD Doctor of Philosophy)n.博外好处：奖金：红利 evaluation/r,vaelju'eIn/n.评估：士学位 gravity/'graevati/n.重力；引力 评价 cosmology/kDz'mplad3i/n.宇宙 易错词汇精讲 1.emerge/i'm3:d3/vi.出现：浮现 ·易错点：易与appear混淆，emerge强调“从隐蔽/困境中出现”，appear侧重“表面上显现”。 ·精讲：固定搭配emerge from(从…中出现)，不及物动词，无被动语态。 ·例句：After the rain,the sun emerged from behind the clouds.. ·真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4同步练习）：The sun from behind the clouds as the storm passed.(答案：emerged) 2.coincidence /ka'nsidans/n.巧合；巧事 ·易错点：易漏写中间的c,误写为coincidense;常用搭配by coincidence(巧合地)易漏写by。 ·精讲：后接介词of,如a coincidence of interests(兴趣的巧合)。 ·例句：It was a coincidence that we met at the airport ·真题链接：By一，we both chose the same hotel for our vacation..(答案：coincidence) 3.overcome/,3Uva'km/vt.克服（困难）：控制（感情） ·易错点：过去式/过去分词易误写为overcomed,正确形式为overcame/overcome。. ·精讲：宾语多为困难、恐惧等抽象名词，如overcome difficulties/fear。 ·例句：She overcame her shyness and gave a speech in public. ·真题链接：We must_(克服)all the difficulties to achieve our goals.(答案：overcome) 高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 4.decline/d'kam/v.减少：降低：谢绝：n.下降；衰退 ·易错点：作动词“谢绝”时，易误接不定式，正确用法为decline sth.或decline to do sth.;作 名词时，易与decrease混淆，decline强调“逐渐衰退”。 ·精讲：vi.下降（主语为数字/趋势)：t.谢绝（直接接名词）。 .(1)The number of students has declined in recent years.(2)He declined the invitation to the party. ·真题链接：The company's profits_(下降)byl0%last year.(答案：declined) 5.grai0y/graevati/n.重力；引力 ·易错点：易误写为gravitation(虽均含“引力”义，但gravity更常用；gravitation侧重科学术 语“万有引力”)：注意不可数，无复数形式。 ·精讲：固定搭配the law of gravity(万有引力定律)。 ·例句：Gravity keeps us on the surface of the earth ·真题链接：Newton discovered the law of_when an apple fell from the tree..(答案：gravity) 6.evaluation/,vaelju'eIn/n.评估；评价 ·易错点：易与动词evaluate/'vaeljuert/.混淆，词性和拼写差异易出错：易漏写中间的u,误写 为evalation。 ·精讲：常用搭配make an evaluation of(对…进行评估)：形容词形式为evaluative(评估的)。 ·例句：The teacher will make an evaluation of our performance.. ·真题链接：We need to make a careful_(评估)before making a decision.(答案：evaluation). 7.theoretical/.I3'retk/adj.理论的：理论上的 ·易错点：易与practical(实践的)混淆，构成反义关系；拼写易漏写中间的e,误写为heoritical。. ·精讲：常修饰名词theory,physics,.knowledge等，如theoretical physics(理论物理)。 ·例句：This is just a theoretical idea;we need to test it in practice. ·真题链接：_（理论的）knowledge alone is not enough,we must apply it to practice.(答案：The oretical) 8.in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管…（仍…） ·易错点：易与though/although混淆，in spite of后接名词/代词/动名词，though后接句子：易误 写为inspite of(漏空格)。 ·精讲：=despite,如in spite of the rain(尽管下雨)。 ·例句：In spite of his illness,he went to work as usual. ·真题链接：the bad weather,we still decided to go hiking.(答案：In spite of) 高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 9.bous/baUn3s/n.意外收获；额外好处；奖金；红利 ·易错点：易误写为bonous;作“奖金”时，易与award(奖励)混淆，bonus侧重“额外报酬”， award侧重“荣誉性奖励”。 ·精讲：常用搭配annual bonus（年终奖)：a bonus point(附加分)。 ·例句：The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus. ·真题链接：Workers usually get a year-.end_(奖金)if the company performs wel.(答案：bonus) 10.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)n.博士学位 ·易错点：易误写为PhD.(标点符号使用不规范，北师大版教材通常连写为PhD):易误解为 “哲学博士”，实际可指任一学科的博士学位。 ·精讲：全称Doctor of Philosophy,口语中可简称为doctor。 ·例句：She is studying for a PhD in cosmology. ·真题链接：After completing her master's degree,.she plans to pursue a_in physics..(答案：PhD) 11.cosmology /kDz'mplad3i/n.字宙论；宇宙学 ·易错点：拼写复杂，易漏写中间的m,误写为cosmoloy:易与astronomy(天文学)混淆，cosmology 侧重“宇宙起源与结构”，astronomy侧重“天体观测”。 ·精讲：形容词形式为cosmological(宇宙论的)。 ·例句：He is interested in cosmology and often reads books about the universe. ·真题链接：_（宇宙学）is the study of the origin and development of the universe..(答案：Cosmology) 12.grand/graend/adj..宏伟的：壮丽的：隆重的 ·易错点：易与great(伟大的)混淆，grand强调“规模气势宏伟”，great侧重“程度/重要性 大”：易误写为grang。 ·精讲：常修饰建筑、仪式、计划等，如a grand building(宏伟的建筑)，grand ceremony(隆重 的仪式)。 ·例句：The palace has a grand entrance with tall columns.. ·真题链接：The_(宏伟的)temple attracts millions of visitors every year.(答案：grand) 13.incubation/.kju'ben/n.孵化；潜伏期 ·易错点：易漏写开头的i,误写为ncubation:易与incubate/'kjubert/(动词，孵化)混淆。 ·精讲：固定搭配incubation period(潜伏期)：农业领域指“孵化期”，医学领域指“疾病潜伏 期”。 高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 ·例句：The incubation period of the virus is about 14days. ·真题链接：The_(潜伏期)of this disease is usually7tol0days.(答案：incubation) l4.clueless/klu:ls/adj.一无所知的；一窍不通的 ·易错点：易误写为cluless(漏写中间的e):常用搭配be clueless about sth.(对某事一无所知) 易漏写about。 ·精讲：口语中常用，比“now nothing about”更生动，如He’s clueless about computers. ·例句：I'm clueless about how to repair a car. ·真题链接：She was_(一无所知的)about the plan,.so she couldn’t help us.(答案：clueless) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.After the long winter,the first flowers from the ground. ·A.appeared 。B.emerged ·C.showed 。D.came 2.By,we both arrived at the station at the same time. ●A.coincidence ·B.accident ●C.nistake 。D.chance 3.Sheher fear of heights and climbed the mountain. ●A.overcame ●B.overcomed ●C.conquered 高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 ·D.defeated 4.The number of tourists to the city has by 20%this year. 。A.decreased ·B.declined ●C.reduced ·D.dropped 5.Newton's law ofexplains why objects fall to the ground. ●A.gravitation ·B.gravity ·C.force ●D.attraction 6.Thephysics class involves lots of formulas and theories. ·A.practical ●B.theoretical ·C.applied ●D.experimental 7.the heavy rain,they still continued their journey. 。A.Though ●B.Although ●C.In spite of ·D.Despite of 8.Employees will receive a year-endif the company meets its target. ●A.award 。B.bonus 高中选修4北师大版 寒假专版 ·C.prize ●D.reward 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We need to make a careful()of the project before starting. 2._(宇宙学)studies the origin and structure of the universe.. 3.The_(宏伟的)building was built in the 19 th century. 4.The_(潜伏期)of the disease is usually3to5days. 5.He was_(一无所知的)about the new policy,.so he asked many questions. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The sun e_from behind the clouds after the storm 2.It's a c that our birthdays are on the same day. 3.To achieve success,we must o_all difficulties. 4.The company's profits d sharply last quarter. 5.She is pursuing a PhD in c at the university. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The teacher made a detailed-(evaluate)of our group work 2.He(overcome)his shyness and spoke in front of the class yesterday. 3.The(theory)discussion helped us understand the problem better. 4.(in spite of)being tired,she kept working until midnight. 5.The(incubate)period of this virus is longer than expected. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.B2.A3.A4.B5B6.B7.C8B ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.evaluation 2.Cosmology 3.grand 4.incubation 5.clueless ·三、首字母填空 1.emerged 2.coincidence 3.overcome 4.declined 5.cosmology ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.evaluation 2.overcame 3.theoretical 4.In spite of 5.incubation