UNIT 12 Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 STEPHEN HAWKING(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“Stephen Hawking”这一核心主题，系统梳理其生平（出生、患病、科研经历）、科学成就（黑洞理论、著作）及语言知识（如定语从句、状语从句等语法点）。通过Pre-reading信息搜集、While-reading主旨归纳与细节理解、Post-reading长难句分析及讨论活动，搭建“输入-内化-输出”学习支架，辅以核心词汇（overcome, decline等）和重点句型（as引导状语从句）的用法讲解与练习。 该资料以“人物传记+语言学习”双线设计，特色显著。语言能力方面，通过长难句解构（如复合句、非限制性定语从句分析）和词汇练透（如overcome的搭配填空）提升学生语言理解与表达能力。文化意识上，借助霍金克服疾病坚持科研的事迹，培育学生科学精神与人类命运共同体意识。思维品质方面，讨论活动（如霍金名言含义探讨）引导学生分析与评价，课中分层阅读活动助力教师高效授课，课后练习题（品句填词、语法填空等）帮助学生自主查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING 　　On 14 March， 2018， one of the world’s most influential scientists， Stephen Hawking， died at his home in England， aged 76.Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in theoretical① physics and cosmology②， but also for overcoming③ the challenges of ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）. 　　Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January， 1942， in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.[1]At the age of 21， when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge， physicians discovered he had a rare， slow-progressing④ form of ALS.He was only expected to live for a few years. 　　Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.[2]In the early stages⑤ of his career， his illness got worse， but he was allowed to do research only rather than⑥ teach， which was easier for him.In 1985， he had to have an operation.As a result， he lost his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak.[3]However， as his illness became worse， he lost the use of his hands. 　　[1]句中when引导时间状语从句。 　　[2]句中but连接两个并列句；第二个分句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰第二个并列句的主句内容。 　　[3]句中as引导时间状语从句。 　　[4]Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined⑦ over decades， he never ceased⑧ his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the universe （the “Big Bang”） created many small black holes.[5]His theory was that there was a sort of⑨ hole in the centre of a black hole.This hole led to another universe， completely separate from our own. 　　[4]句中Although引导让步状语从句。 　　[5]句中that引导表语从句。 　　Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book， A Brief History of Time： From the Big Bang to Black Holes， sold one copy⑩ for every 750 people on Earth.[6]However， many people could not really understand what he had written.Therefore， Hawking decided to write a simpler version， A Briefer History of Time （2005）. 　　In The Grand⑪ Design （2010， with Leonard Mlodinow）， Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.[7]Instead of⑫ trying to find one big new explanation， scientists should put together⑬ all the ideas that they already have. 　　At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics， Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at⑭ the stars and not down at your feet ...be curious.” 　　In spite of⑮ his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family， and being successful in his work.“My expectations⑯ were reduced to⑰ zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus⑱.” [8] And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of⑲ people and organisations. 　　WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE？ 　　A black hole is a place in space where gravity⑳ is very strong.Anything that falls into it never comes out.Nothing can escape from it， not even light.As a result， it is impossible to see a black hole. 　　[6]句中what引导宾语从句。 　　[7]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas。 　　[8]句中believed后面是省略了that的宾语从句；help后面是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the help。 ①theoretical adj.理论的 ②cosmology n.宇宙论，宇宙学 ③overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜 ④slow-progressing adj.进展缓慢的 ⑤stage n.阶段 ⑥rather than 而不是 ⑦decline vi.减少，降低 ⑧cease vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束 ⑨a sort of 一种；有点，有几分 ⑩copy n.一份；复制品 ⑪grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 ⑫instead of 代替；而不是 ⑬put together 拼凑，组合，把……放一起 ⑭look up at 抬头看 ⑮in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……） ⑯expectation n.预期，期待 ⑰be reduced to 减少到……；沦落为……；陷入某种状态 ⑱bonus n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 ⑲a large number of许多，大量 ⑳gravity n.重力，引力 参考译文 　　2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。 　　1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。 　　后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 　　尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时（即“宇宙大爆炸”）创造了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。 　　霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》（2005）。 　　在《宏伟设计》（2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著）一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 　　2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。” 　　尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和其他很多人和机构的帮助。 什么是黑洞？ 　　黑洞是宇宙空间中引力极其强大的地方，落入黑洞的任何物质都不可能再出来。任何东西，包括光，都无法从黑洞中逃脱。因此，黑洞是无法直接观测到的。 Step One： Pre-reading 　Have you heard about Stephen Hawking？ Please search for information about him and try to introduce Stephen Hawking to your partner as detailed as possible. 　Stephen Hawking was born in 1942 and died in 2018.He was an English physicist and author who worked at the University of Cambridge.Despite his serious illness， he made major contributions to the field of general relativity.One of his scientific achievements was his theoretical prediction that black holes give out radiation， which has since been named “Hawking Radiation” after him.Hawking’s popular science books have also achieved wide success， in which he discusses his theories in general.A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.Hawking’s contributions to physics earned him many exceptional honours.In 2002，he was ranked number 25 in the BBC’s poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.　 Step Two： While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. 　What’s the main idea of the text？（　　） A.The analysis of Stephen Hawking’s theory. B.The description of Stephen Hawking’s achievements. C.The introduction of the great physicist Stephen Hawking. D.The summary of Stephen Hawking’s influence on humans. 答案：C Ⅱ.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.Where is the text most likely from？（　　） A.A magazine.　　　　B.A biography. C.The website. D.A novel. 2.When was he diagnosed with his illness？（　　） A.His first year at the University of Oxford. B.After he found a job in Cambridge. C.After he raised the idea of black holes. D.His first year at the University of Cambridge. 3.How does the author develop the article？（　　） A.By the order of space. B.By the order of time. C.By listing a lot of figures. D.By giving a lot of examples. 4.Which of the following words can best describe Stephen Hawking？（　　） A.Talented and optimistic. B.Talented and pessimistic. C.Discouraged and optimistic. D.Unlucky and optimistic. 答案：1－4　CDBA Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.长难句分析 1.In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse， but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach， which was easier for him. 句式分析：此句是but连接的　并列句　，主语分别是　his illness　和　he　； 第二个并列句中包含了which引导的　非限制性定语　从句，修饰主句内容。 自主翻译：　职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。　 2.Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 句式分析：此句是　复合句　，Although引导　让步状语　从句，decline意为“　下滑，衰退　”， cease意为“　（使）停止，终止　”。 自主翻译：　尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。　 Ⅱ.讨论 1.What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ...be curious.” in Paragraph 7？ 　It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters.We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.　 2.What kind of person is Stephen Hawking？What is the definition of scientific spirit？ 　①We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.　 　②The definition of scientific spirit is to， above all else， be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge， creative power， and collaboration have brought a clear answer.Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them， prove， and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world.It is to look squarely， ask questions， and never give up trying.　 核心词汇集释 1.overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜 教材原句　Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology， but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）.霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。 【用法】 overcome difficulties　　　　　克服困难 overcome one’s shyness/fear（s） 克服羞怯/恐惧 overcome the enemy/opponent 战胜敌人/对手 be overcome with ... 因……而不能自持 【佳句】　Tom was nervous before his first public speech.However， on the day of the speech， he was able to overcome his fear. （情感描写） 汤姆在他第一次公开演讲前感到很紧张。然而，在演讲当天，他能够克服自己的恐惧。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Overcome 　with　 a wave of frustration， she felt at a loss as to how to respond to his angry words. ②She 　was overcome　 （overcome） with emotion and was thankful that she had made that call， even though she did not know why she had done it. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Because we are confident about ourselves， 　we will overcome any difficulty in our studies　. 因为我们对自己有信心，我们会克服学习中的任何困难。 2.decline vi.减少，降低 n.衰落，衰败；减少；下降 教材原句　Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades， he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。 【用法】 （1）be in decline　　　　　处于下降/衰退中 on the decline 在衰退，在消减 decline in ... 在……方面减少/下降 （2）decline by/to 下降了/到…… decline to do sth 拒绝做某事 【佳句】　The number of fish in the lake started to decline because of pollution.The water turned muddy， and it was harder for the fish to survive.（环境描写） 由于污染，湖中鱼类的数量开始减少。水变得浑浊，鱼类更难生存了。 【点津】　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is reported that the temperature will decline 　to　 －2 ℃ in one or two days. ②Spotted owls are 　on　 the decline despite two decades of work to bring them back. ③When interviewed， he declined to 　discuss　 （discuss） his plan with the newspaper men. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④The number of people who like reading has been decreasing in the past few years. →The number of people who like reading has been 　in decline/on the decline　 in the past few years. 3.in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……） 教材原句　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。 【用法】 （1）in spite of为介词短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能接从句，相当于despite。 （2）“in spite of/despite＋名词”所表达的意义相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。 （3）regardless of意为“不管，不顾”，其后可接whether， what引导的从句。 【佳句】　John still helped us warmly in spite of being quite tired after working eight hours. （人物描写） 尽管工作八个小时后已经很疲惫了，但约翰仍然热情地帮助我们。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　In　 spite of the hot weather， students still practice on the playground. ②Well finish the task on time regardless 　of　 what might happen. ③In spite of 　failing　 （fail） to save every endangered species， we may preserve the majority from extinction. 【写美】　同义句转换 ④Although we made efforts， we still lost the game. →　Despite/In spite of all our efforts　， we still lost the game. 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：as引导状语从句 教材原句　However， as his illness became worse， he lost the use of his hands. 但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 【用法】 as用作连词的主要用法如下： （1）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生； （2）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”； （3）as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用部分倒装语序（把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面，单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词）； （4）as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”； （5）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，常用于“as （副词） ...as （连词） ...”和“not as/so ...as”结构中。 【品悟】　As it started to rain heavily， we quickly ran into the nearby cafe to take shelter.（动作描写） 当开始下大雨时，我们迅速跑进附近的咖啡馆避雨。 【点津】　as引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着……”，意思与with相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①　As we came here for the first time　， it took an hour before we arrived at the destination. 由于我们是第一次来这里，用了一个小时我们才到达目的地。 ②However exact our science is， we cannot know the future 　as we know the past　. 不管我们的科学多么准确，我们都不能像了解过去那样了解未来。 ③　Difficult as the situation was　， nobody had the thought of giving up. 尽管处境困难，但没有人想过放弃。 ④She dances 　as gracefully as her sister （does）　. 她跳舞和她妹妹一样优雅。 ⑤随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应变得更加重要。 →　With the world’s population continuing to grow　， the supply of food becomes more important.（with） →　As the world’s population continues to grow　， the supply of food becomes more important.（as） 维度一：品句填词 1.　Cosmology　 （宇宙学） is the study of the origin and nature of the universe. 2.Being able to walk to work is an added 　bonus　 （意外收获） of the new job. 3.The number of tourists to the resort 　declined　 （减少） by 10% last year. 4.When there is no gravity　， our feet no longer stay on the ground. 5.The grand　 architecture of the palace left us in awe. 6.She overcame　 her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness. 维度二：词形转换 1.He showed that the technique could 　theoretically　 （theoretical） be used to measure the size of stars. 2.She wanted to work for a bigger and more 　influential　 （influence） newspaper. 3.His 　argument　 （argue） was that public spending must be reduced. 4.The children have been 　completely　 （complete） out of control since their father left. 维度三：选词填空 come up；be dedicated to；in spite of；range from；figure out；be designed to；all at once；be diagnosed with 1.　In spite of　 his age， he still leads an active life. 2.Contemporary Chinese educational organization should not only stress learning and research， but 　be dedicated to　 creativity. 3.The question 　came up　 at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research. 4.It can be difficult to 　figure out　 creative ways to finish the task. 5.Prices 　range from　 $119 to 199， depending on the particular configuration. 6.Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when 　all at once　 the solution flashed across his mind. 7.Jane 　was diagnosed with　 a rare cancer， and was informed that high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better. 8. The course 　is designed to　 equip students for a career in computer science. 维度四：固定搭配和句式 1.She is still very active， 　in spite of　 （尽管） her advancing years. 2.　As the sun set　 （随着太阳落山）， the sky turned a brilliant orange. 3.Due to environmental awareness， the use of plastic bags is 　on the decline　 （正在减少）. 4.His story is an inspiration for everyone on how to 　overcome difficulties　 （克服困难） and achieve success. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·山东泰安期末）In 2024， artificial intelligence （AI） continues to reshape industries， economies， and daily life.The adoption of AI in sectors like healthcare， education， and finance has accelerated， driven by advancements in machine learning， natural language processing， and generative AI.A Gartner survey reveals that 80% of enterprises are now leveraging AI in some form， up from 50% in 2022， highlighting its rapid integration into business operations. 　　One of the most notable trends in 2024 is the rise of generative AI tools， such as OpenAI’s GPT-4 and Google’s Gemini.These tools have revolutionized content creation， with 35% of companies using them for marketing， customer service， and product development， as reported by McKinsey.Additionally， the education sector has seen a surge in AI adoption， with 60% of high schools in the US incorporating AI-powered platforms to personalize learning experiences， according to EdTech Magazine. 　　However， the widespread use of AI has also raised concerns.A Pew Research study found that 52% of Americans are worried about AI’s impact on jobs， particularly in industries like retail and manufacturing， where automation is replacing human labor.On the other hand， 67% of professionals believe AI will create more jobs than it displaces， as noted in a World Economic Forum report.Ethical concerns， such as data privacy and algorithmic bias， remain critical challenges.For instance， 45% of consumers in a Deloitte survey expressed distrust in AI systems due to potential misuse of personal data. 　　In conclusion， 2024 is a pivotal （关键的） year for AI， marked by unprecedented growth and adoption across industries.While challenges like job displacement and ethical concerns persist， the potential benefits of AI in driving innovation， efficiency， and personalized solutions are undeniable.As AI continues to evolve， its impact on society will depend on how effectively we address these challenges and harness its potential for good. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在各行业的广泛应用。 1.What is a key application of generative AI tools according to McKinsey？（　　） A.Automating retail manufacturing. B.Creating content for business purposes. C.Reducing educational costs. D.Monitoring data privacy violations. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，生成式人工智能工具的一个关键应用是为商业目的创作内容。 2.What can be inferred about public opinions on AI’s impact？（　　） A.Retail workers strongly support AI-driven automation. B.Consumers distrust AI solely due to algorithmic bias. C.Professionals and the general public hold conflicting views. D.Most Americans prioritize job creation over ethical concerns. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可推知，专业人士和普通公众对人工智能的影响持有不同的观点。 3.What does the author suggest is essential for AI’s positive societal impact？（　　） A.Accelerating technological advancements. B.Implementing strict global regulations on AI. C.Balancing innovation with ethical solutions. D.Expanding automation across industries. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句和最后一段第二句可推知，要让人工智能产生积极的社会影响，就需要平衡人工智能的创新与伦理问题的解决方案，这至关重要。 4.Which is the best title for the text？（　　） A.AI in 2024： Progress and Challenges B.Ethical Dilemmas in AI Development C.The Unstoppable Rise of AI Technology D.How AI Transforms Education and Business 解析：A　标题归纳题。文章既阐述了2024年人工智能的发展和应用进展，也提及了面临的挑战。A项（2024年的人工智能：进展与挑战）可作本文最佳标题。 B 　　（2025·广东茂名期末）Researchers at the University of Exeter in England have crafted a device that employs artificial intelligence （AI） to detect Asian wasps （黄蜂）.AI refers to the capability of computers to learn from experiences and execute tasks swiftly that would typically require a significant time investment from humans. 　　Asian wasps are considered an invasive species， indicating that they are not native to the UK and can disrupt our ecosystem — the environment and its living organisms.These wasps feed on local insects and pose a significant threat to honey bees with a single wasp capable of killing up to 50 honey bees in a day. 　　The innovative system， named VespAI， uses a sponge cloth soaked with a liquid that attracts wasps.Once the wasps are drawn in， an automatic camera takes pictures of them.The AI then analyzes the photos to determine whether the insect is an Asian wasp or a European wasp， which is a native species. 　　If an Asian wasp is spotted， a notification is sent right away to the researcher’s phone or computer.VespAI acts as an early-warning system， allowing for the detection of any Asian wasps that may have entered a new area of the UK.Its high precision helps authorities respond quickly to follow the wasps， find their nests， and get rid of them before they can reproduce. 　　There is growing concern among experts that Asian wasps may have made a lasting home in the UK rather than being merely transient or accidental arrivals.Currently， the UK’s way of dealing with Asian wasps depends on people seeing them， recognizing them， and reporting them.However， many of these reports turn out to be other kinds of insects， which is not a very effective way to handle the situation. 　　Dr.Thomas O’Shea-Webeller， who worked on VespAI， said this new system won’t mistake other insects for Asian wasps or miss them when they come around.VespAI has been tested on the island of Jersey and will be tried in other places this year. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能技术如何用于黄蜂检测。 5.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on？（　　） A.VespAI’s design and operation. B.The effectiveness of wasps traps. C.VespAI’s influence on ecosystem. D.Traditional wasp detecting methods. 解析：A　段落大意题。第三段第一句介绍了VespAI这一系统的设计；第二、三句介绍了VespAI的操作过程。 6.What does the underlined word “transient” in paragraph 5 mean？（　　） A.Widespread. B.Temporary. C.Frequent. D.Dangerous. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的rather than以及其后的or accidental arrivals可知，亚洲黄蜂可能已经在英国建立了一个持久的家园，而不仅仅是短暂或意外的到来。transient意为“短暂的，暂时的”。 7.Which statement would Dr.Thomas probably agree with？（　　） A.VespAI will help manage wasp invasions. B.VespAI requires constant human inspection. C.The current reporting system is highly effective. D.The current methods fail to identify Asian wasps. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Dr.Thomas认为VespAI系统是可靠的。由此推断，Dr.Thomas认为VespAI将对人们应对黄蜂侵袭起到帮助作用。 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.AI Disrupts the Survival of Insects B.The Threat of Asian Wasps to Bees C.AI Technology Boosts Wasp Detection D.The Impact of AI on Insect Identification 解析：C　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人工智能科技如何应用于黄蜂探测。C项（人工智能技术增强黄蜂检测）适合作文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·河北秦皇岛期末）In this June， Zhong held a（n） 　9　 at the China National Arts and Crafts Museum in Beijing and in the most prominent position， he 　10　 a cloisonné （景泰蓝） vessel called the Zun of Peace. 　　When Zhong first entered the world of jingtailan， his 　11　 of the craft was limited.In the 1970s， the Beijing Enamel Factory was actively 　12　 new inheritors of the art form who could design and craft art pieces 　13　 market demands.Driven by his 　14　 for drawing， Zhong applied for and was accepted into the program.It was a time when the factory 　15　， with over 1，800 employees and more than 200 artisans in his workshop alone， creating a lively 　16　 of creativity and productivity. 　　However， the situation shifted 　17　 with economic reforms and the once-flourishing cloisonné export became 　18　.In the face of these challenges， many artisans decided to leave the factory and seek better 　19　 elsewhere.However， Zhong remained， driven by a deep 　20　 to jingtailan.He realized that it was time for a change and the path to survival lay in the necessity of 　21　 the opportunities of the times and connecting with everyday life.He has 　22　 his career to exploring and innovating this art form， helping the factory navigate challenges to ensure this traditional art shines in the new era.Finally， his efforts 　23　 and he made a great difference to our country. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了钟先生在景泰蓝艺术领域的奋斗历程。 9.A.exhibition B.voyage C.debate D.competition 解析：A　根据空后的at the China National Arts and Crafts Museum in Beijing可知，钟先生在博物馆举办展览，展示了一件景泰蓝器皿。 10.A.influenced B.discovered C.lent D.showcased 解析：D　参见上题解析。 11.A.shelter B.understanding C.length D.foundation 解析：B　根据空后的limited可知，起初进入景泰蓝世界时，钟先生对这门工艺的了解是有限的。 12.A.becoming B.burying C.seeking D.accusing 解析：C　根据空后的new inheritors of the art form who could design and craft art pieces可知，北京珐琅厂正在积极寻找新的继承人。 13.A.in accordance with B.in possession of C.on behalf of D.by means of 解析：A　根据空前的art pieces以及空后的market demands可知，这些艺术品需符合市场需求。 14.A.ability B.passion C.effect D.confidence 解析：B　根据空后的for drawing， Zhong applied for and was accepted可知，钟先生因为对绘画的热爱而报名。 15.A.damaged B.slowed C.started D.flowered 解析：D　根据空后的with over 1，800 employees可推知，当时工厂处于繁荣时期。 16.A.race B.character C.connection D.atmosphere 解析：D　根据空前的lively和空后的creativity and productivity可知，此处指营造了活跃的氛围。 17.A.necessarily B.slightly C.dramatically D.typically 解析：C　根据句首的However可知，此处表示转折，说明发生了显著变化。 18.A.unique B.depressing C.frightening D.annoying 解析：B　根据下句中的many artisans decided to leave the factory可知，景泰蓝出口状况变差，令人沮丧。 19.A.trials B.opportunities C.challenges D.approaches 解析：B　根据空前的seek better可知，工匠们决定离开工厂，在别处寻找更好的机会。 20.A.attachment B.access C.order D.path 解析：A　根据空前的Zhong remained和空后的to jingtailan可知，钟先生对景泰蓝有情感依赖。 21.A.relating B.changing C.seizing D.keeping 解析：C　根据空前的the path to survival和空后的the opportunities of the times可知，生存之道在于抓住机会。 22.A.devoted B.absorbed C.owed D.lost 解析：A　根据空后的his career to exploring and innovating this art form以及下文的描述可知，他献身于这门艺术。 23.A.made it B.gave in C.cut in D.paid off 解析：D　根据空后的he made a great difference可知，他的努力取得了成果。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·江西南昌期末）What makes Chinese traditional art precious lies in its unique capacity to serve as the entry 24.　　　　　　 decoding China’s spiritual heritage.From the flowing rhythms of calligraphy， 25.　　　　　　 embodies Confucian discipline， to the symbolic colors in Peking Opera masks that represent 26.　　　　　　 （history） figures’ moral features， these art forms have earned global 27.　　　　　　 （recognize） as cultural DNA carriers. 　　The expansion of digital museums in recent years demonstrates how what 28.　　　　　　 （be） once regional now becomes worldwide.Take Suzhou embroidery （刺绣） as 29.　　　　　 representative example： its detailed lines of thread that often compose landscapes or poetry showcase techniques perfected over twelve 30.　　　　　　 （century）.Such craftsmanship， deeply 31.　　　　　　 （root） in China’s traditional agricultural society， reflects an artistic philosophy that values nature-human unity. 　　UNESCO’s decision of 42 Chinese art forms as intangible （无形的） heritage confirms they remain worthy of 32.　　　　　　 （inherit） by modern generations.Through innovative adaptations — whether AI-assisted stoneware restoration 33.　　　　　　 dance dramas blending Kunqu opera with holography （全息摄影） — these traditions continue proving that cultural longevity depends not on static copies， but on creative reinterpretation based on ancestral wisdom. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产的传承。 24.to　考查介词。the entry to ...是固定搭配，意为“……的入口；……的途径”。故填to。 25.which　考查关系代词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是calligraphy，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 26.historical　考查词形转换。空后为名词短语figures’ moral features，空处应用形容词作定语。故填historical。 27.recognition　考查词形转换。earn为及物动词，应用名词作宾语。故填recognition。 28.was　考查时态和主谓一致。once提示是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；主语what指代的内容为单数。故填was。 29.a　考查冠词。take ... as a representative example为固定表达，且representative的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 30.centuries　考查名词复数。twelve表示空处应用名词复数形式。故填centuries。 31.rooted　考查非谓语动词。be rooted in表示“扎根于”，此处rooted为过去分词作后置定语修饰craftsmanship。故填rooted。 32.being inherited　考查非谓语动词。be worthy of doing是固定结构，此处inherit与they为被动关系，应用动词-ing形式的被动语态。故填being inherited。 33.or　考查连词。whether ...or ...是固定搭配，表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 　　根据以下内容提示写一篇人物传记类文章，介绍居里夫人。内容包括： 　　（1）居里夫人（Madame Curie）于1867年11月7日出生在波兰的一个教师家庭； 　　（2）她于1891年前往巴黎大学（Paris University）学习，并以优异的成绩毕业； 　　（3）居里夫人是居里研究所（Curie Institute）的创始人，镭（Ra）的发现者； 　　（4）1903年她和丈夫共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Born into a teacher’s family on 7 November 1867， in Poland， Madame Curie was one of the greatest physicists.Ever since middle school， she had had a great gift for physics.In 1891， she went to study in Paris University， where she lived a simple life.However， she worked very hard， and she graduated from Paris University with honours. 　　Madame Curie devoted all her life to her research.She was not only the founder of Curie Institute， but also the discoverer of the radioactive matter — Ra.In 1903， she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for Physics.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911， making her the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes. 　　Madame Curie was one of the greatest scientists who made great contributions to the whole world.She set a good example to us， and all people show great respect to her. 2 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $