Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility一-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（译林版）

高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林版·选择性必修第四册Unit1 Honesty and responsibility 单元词汇总览 barely/'beali//adv.刚才：仅仅，bless/bles/vt.(表示惊奇)：祝福 法则：信条 勉强可能：几乎不，刚才 inch/nt/n.英寸；少量，短距离decent/di:snt/adj.正派的，合乎 cigar/s'ga:t)/n.雪茄烟 arm in arm臂挽着臂 礼节的：得体的，适当的 appointment/A'pointmant/n.约outline/'autlam/t.概述，略述：burden/b3:dn/n.(义务、责任等 定，约会；任命，委任；职务n.概述：轮廓线，略图 的)重担，负担 tear down拆毁，拆除 suspect/sa'spekt/vt.&vi.疑有，geophysicist/,d3i:aU'fizisIst/n. keen /kin/adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；觉得：/'sAspekt/n.嫌疑犯，可疑地球物理学家 渴望，热切，热衷的 对象 core/k::)/adj.核心的：最重要 jaw/d/n.下巴，颌 arrest/'rest/n.&t.逮捕，拘的：n.核心，最重要的部分 scar/ska:(r)/n.伤疤：（精神上的）捕：under arrest被逮捕 socialist/'sa小alst/adj.社会主义 创伤：污点 wire/wac)/t.给（某人）打电的；n.社会主义者 eyebrow/'aibrac/n.眉毛 话：接通（电源：n.金属丝：电resign /r'zam/t.&vi.辞职，辞 scarfpin/'ska:fprn/n.围巾夹，领线：铁丝网 去 带别针 criminal/'krimml//n.罪犯，犯罪ward/wo:d/n.病房 diamond/'daramand/n.钻石 的人：adj.犯法的，犯罪的：不substantial/sab'staenJ1/adj.大量 make one's fortune发财 道德的 的，价值巨大的：结实的，牢固 lose contact失去联系 anyhow/'enihav/.adv.不过，总的 reliable /ri'lar3bl/adj.可信赖的，之：尽管：而且，随便地 miner al/'mnrl/n.矿物，矿物 可靠的：真实可信的，可靠的 innocent./'masnt//adj.无辜的，清质 worthwhile/,w:θwaiⅣadj.值得白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯superb/s:p3b/adj.极佳的，卓 花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要真的；n.无辜者，单纯的人 越的，质量极高的 的，令人愉快的 legal/'Ii:gl/adj.合法的：法律的 collar/kolr)/n.衣领：颈圈；箍principle/prmsapl/n.道德原则： 词汇核心考点精讲 1.barely/beali/adv.仅仅，勉强可能：几乎不：刚才 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 3个核心义：仅仅，勉强可能：几乎不；刚才 ·必记搭配与例句：●barely do sth.(勉强做某事)：He barely passed the exam ●barely..when.(刚一…就…)：I had barely arrived when it began to rain 。barely enough(勉强足够)：The food is barely enough for ten people. 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·重点用法：·barely位于句首时句子要部分倒装：Barely had she entered the room when the phone rang 2.keen /ki:/adj.灵敏的，敏锐的：渴望，热切：热衷的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(ad) 3个核心义：灵敏的，敏锐的：渴望，热切：热衷的 ·必记搭配与例句：·keen on sth./doing sth.（热衷于某事/做某事)：She is keen on painting ●have a keen sense of(有敏锐的…感)：Dogs have a keen sense of smel. ●keen to do sth.(渴望做某事)：He is keen to travel abroad. ·重点派生词：●keenly(副词)：keenly interested(极感兴趣) ·keenness(名词)：the keenness ofher eyes(她眼神的敏锐) 3.suspect/a'spekt/vt.&vi.疑有，觉得：/'sAspekt/n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t.&vi.)/名词(n.) 3个核心义：疑有，觉得(v.):嫌疑犯，可疑对象(n.):怀疑(v.) ·必记搭配与例句：●suspect sb.of sth.(怀疑某人某事)：The police suspect him of theft, ●suspect that..(怀疑…)：I suspect that he is lying. ●prime suspect(主要嫌疑人)：He is the prime suspect in the case, ·重点派生词：·suspicion(名词)：arouse suspicion(引起怀疑) ·suspicious(形容词)：suspicious behavior(可疑行为) 4.arrest /a'rest/n.&t.逮捕，拘捕：阻止，抑制 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n)/动词(t.) 3个核心义：逮捕，拘捕(n.~.):阻止，抑制(v.) ·必记搭配与例句：·arrest sb.for sth.(因某事逮捕某人)：The police arrested him for robbery. ●under arrest(被逮捕)：He is under arrest now ·make an arrest(进行逮捕)：The police made three arrests yesterday. ·重点派生词：●arresting(形容词)：an arresting sight(引人注目的景象) 5.reliable /r'laiabl/adj.可信赖的，可靠的；真实可信的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：可信赖的，可靠的：真实可信的：可靠的 ·必记搭配与例句：·reliable friend(可靠的朋友)：He is a reliable friend. ●reliable information(可靠的信息)：We need reliable information for the report.. 。be reliable in sth.(在某方面可靠)：She is reliable in her work. ·重点派生词：·rely(动词)：eyon(依靠) ●reliability(名词)：the reliability of the machine(机器的可靠性) 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 6.innocent/m3snt/adj.无辜的，清白的：天真无邪的；n.无辜者 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj)/名词(n.) 3个核心义：无辜的，清白的(adj):天真无邪的(adj.):无辜者(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：·innocent of sth.(无辜的，无罪的)：He was innocent of the crime. ●innocent child(天真的孩子)：She is like an innocent child. ●prove innocent(证明清白)：He proved innocent at last ·重点派生词：·innocence(名词)：the innocence of childhood(童年的天真) 7.legal/'Ii:g/adj.合法的：法律的：与法律有关的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：合法的：法律的：与法律有关的 ·必记搭配与例句：·legal right(合法权利)：Everyone has legal rights.. ·legal advice(法律咨询)：You should seek legal advice.. ●legal action(法律行动)：They took legal action against the company. ·重点反义词：●illegal(形容词)：illegal activities(非法活动) 8.principle/'prinsap/n.道德原则：法则：信条 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 3个核心义：道德原则；法则：信条 ·必记搭配与例句：●in principle(原则上)：I agree with you in principle. ●on principle(根据原则)：He refused on principle. ●against one's principles(违背某人的原则)：It's against my principles to lie. ·重点易混词：·principal(形容词：主要的：名词：校长) 9.worthwhile/,w3:0'war/adj.值得花时间的：值得努力的：重要的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：值得花时间的：值得努力的：重要的 ·必记搭配与例句：●worthwhile to do sth.doing sth.（值得做某事)：It is worthwhile to study hard. ●a worthwhile job(值得做的工作)：Teaching is a worthwhile job, ●nake sth.worthwhile(使某事值得)：Your help made it worthwhile. 10.burden/b3:dn/n.重担，负担；义务，责任：负重 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 3个核心义：重担，负担：义务，责任；负重 ·必记搭配与例句：●bear a burden（承担负担)：He bears a heavy burden. 。be a burden to sb.(对某人是个负担)：Don't be a burden to your parents.. ●lighten the burden(减轻负担)：We need to lighten the burden on students. 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·重点派生词：。burdensome(形容词)：burdensome task(繁重的任务) 11.resign1'zan/t.&vi.辞职，辞去：放弃；顺从 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t.&vi) 3个核心义：辞职，辞去：放弃：顺从 ·必记搭配与例句：●resign from（从…辞职)：She resigned from the company. ●resign one's post(辞去职务)：He resigned his post as manager. ●resign oneself to(顺从，听任)：He resigned himself to failure. ·重点派生词：●resignation(名词)：hand in one's resignation(递交辞呈) 12.substantial/sab'sten/ad.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的：实质的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：大量的，价值巨大的：结实的，牢固的：实质的 ·必记搭配与例句：●substantial amount（大量)：There is a substantial amount of money. ●substantial building(坚固的建筑物)：The house is a substantial building. ●substantial change(实质变化)：Great changes have taken place in substance.. ·重点派生词：·substance(名词)：chemical substance(化学物质) 13.anyhow/'enihau/adv.不过，总之；尽管：随便地 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 3个核心义：不过，总之：尽管：随便地 ·必记搭配与例句：●anyhow,..(总之，无论如何)：Anyhow,we must finish the work today. ●go anyhow(随便去)：You can go anyhow you like. ·用法辨析：●anyhow与anyway意义用法基本相同，可互换使用 14.decent/'di:snt/adj.正派的，合乎礼节的：得体的，适当的：相当好的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：正派的，合乎礼节的：得体的，适当的：相当好的 ·必记搭配与例句：●decent person(正派的人)：He is a decent per'son, ●decent behavior(得体的行为)：We should have decent behavior. ●decent salary(不错的薪水)：The job offers a decent salary. ·重点派生词：·decently(副词)：dress decently(衣着得体) 15.collar/'kola(r)/n.衣领；颈圈：箍 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 3个核心义：衣领：颈圈：箍 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：·white-collar(白领的)：white-collar workers(白领工人) ●turn down the collar(把衣领翻下)：he turned down the collar ofher coat. ·blue-collar(蓝领的)：blue-collar jobs(蓝领工作) 重点短语：。in collar(有工作的，受雇佣的)：He has been in collar for five years.. 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.He_passed the driving test after months of practice. ●A.nearly ·B.barely ●C.almost ·D.hardly 2.My brother is_on playing basketball and spends hours on the court every day. 。A.keen ●B.fond ●C.interested ●D.eager 3.The policethe man of stealing the valuable painting from the museum. ·A.suspect ·B.doubt 。C.wonder ·D.guess 4.Three men werefor breaking into a jewelry store last night. ●A.caught 。B.arrested 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·C.held ·D.seized 5.You can always rely on her because she is a friend. ●A.dependent ●B.reliable ·C.confident 。D.faithful 6.The witness proved that the young man was_of the crime ●A.innocent ●B.guilty ●C.ashamed ●D.aware 7.It is to drive without a license in most countries. ●A.legal ·B.illegal ·C.lawful 。D.allowed 8.I agree with your plan,but we need to discuss the details. ●A.in principle ●B.on principle ·C.with principle ·D.by principle 9.Teaching children is ajob that requires patience and love. ●A.worth 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·B.worthy 。C.worthwhile ●D.worthless 10.She decided to from her position as CEO due to health reasons. 。A.retire ●B.resign ●C.dismiss 。D.quit 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The(rely)of the new technology has been tested in several experiments. 2.The (innocent)of the suspect was finally proven in court. 3.After his(resign),he moved to the countryside to enjoy a quiet life 4.The company has made-(substance)progress in developing new products. 5.She dressed(decent)for the job interview to make a good impression. 6.The(arrest)man refused to answer any questions from the police. 7.Dogs have a(keenly)sense of smell that helps them find their way home. 8.The(legal)of the contract was questioned by the lawyer. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The heavy workload has become a bfor many employees in the company. 2.You must wear a cand tie to attend the formal meeting tomorrow. 3.A,we need to finish the project before the deadline,no matter how difficult it is. 4.The old house is built with s materials,so it can withstand strong winds. 5.Following basic moral pis important for building a harmonious society. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3.A4.B5B6.A7B8.A9.C10B 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 寒假专版 ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.reliability 2.innocence 3.resignation 4.substantial 5.decently 6.arrested 7.keen 8.legality ·三、首字母填空 1.burden 2.collar 3.Anyhow 4.substantial 5.principles