Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 C版词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林·必修第三册Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇总览 republic /rI'pAblik/n.共和国，共herb /h3b/h.药草，香草；草本postpone/p3'sp3mt.延迟，延 和政体 refer /r'f3:)to查阅，参考：提期 malaria/me'learia/n.疟疾 到，谈及 sufficient/sa'fifnt/adj.足够的， deadly/'dedli/adj.致命的；十足experiment/k'sperimant/n.实充足的 的，彻底的 验，试验：尝试，实践：vi.做试data/dete/m.数据，资料，材料 survival/sa'varvl/n.生存，存活；验，进行实验：尝试 speed up(使)加速 残存物，幸存事物 trial/'traral/n.试用，试验；审讯，pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 province/'prDvins/n.省，省份审判：考验：vi.&t.测试，试error/era)/m.错误，差错 broad /br3:d/adj.广泛的；宽阔验 through trial and error反复试 的，广阔的；概括的：开阔的limited/'lmmItId/adj.有限的 验 intend/m'tend/t.&vi.想要，计household/"haushauld/adj.家庭wisdom/wIzdom/m.智慧，知识， 划：意指 的，家用的，家务的；n.一家人，学问；才智：明智 extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选家庭 beneficial/benr'fil/adj.有益的， 录：ik'straekt/vt.提取；选录：取container /ken'teme)/m.容器；有用的 出：设法得到 集装箱，货柜 词汇核心考点精讲 1.deadly/'dedli//adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 2个核心义：致命的（危险程度）、十足的（强调程度） ·必记搭配与例句：●deadly disease(致命疾病)：Malaria is a deadly disease in some regions.. ·deadly enemy(死敌)：They have become deadly enemies after the conflict. ●deadly serious(非常严肃)：He looked deadly serious when talking about the plan. ·重点派生词：●deadliness(名词)：the deadliness of the virus(病毒的致命性) 2.survival/sa'varvl/n.生存，存活：残存物，幸存事物 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：生存（状态）、残存物（事物） ·必记搭配与例句：●struggle for survival(为生存而斗争)：Animals struggle for survival in the wild. 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 ●survival skills(生存技能)：Learning survival skills is important for campers.. ·重点派生词：·survive(动词)：She survived the accident.(她在事故中幸存下来) ·survivor(名词)：There were few survivors after the earthquake.(地震后幸存者寥寥无几) 3.intend/m'tend/t.&vi.想要，计划：意指 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词/不及物动词(t.&vi.) 2个核心义：想要，计划（意图）、意指（含义) ·必记搭配与例句：·intend to do sth.（打算做某事)：I intend to study abroad next year. 。intend sth.for sb.(为某人准备某物)：The book is intended for children, ●be intended to do(旨在做某事)：The program is intended to help the poor ·重点派生词：·intention（名词)：He has no intention of giving up.(他没有放弃的打算) ●intentional(形容词)：Her mistake was intentional..(她的错误是故意的) 4.extract/'ekstrakt/n.提取物，选录：k'straekt//t.提取：选录：取出；设法得到 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.)/及物动词(t.) 名词义：提取物，选录：动词义：提取：选录：取出：设法得到 ·必记搭配与例句：●extract from(从…中提取/选录)：We can extract oil from peanuts..（我们 可以从花生中提取油)；This is an extract from his novel..(这是他小说的选段) ·重点派生词：●extraction(名词)：he extraction of minerals(矿物的开采) 5.refer /ri'f3:)/to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 ·核心考点：词性：不及物动词(vi,) 核心短语搭配：refer to(查阅，参考：提到，谈及) ·必记搭配与例句：●refer to a dictionary(查字典)：You can refer to a dictionary when you don't know a word. ●refer to sb./sth.(提到某人/某物)：He often refers to his childhood in his speeches. ·重点派生词：●reference(名词)：for reference(供参考)；reference book(参考书) 6.limited/'lmitid/adj.有限的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：有限的 ·必记搭配与例句：●be limited to(限于…)：Our time is limited to two hours. ·limited resources(有限的资源)：We should save limited resources. ·重点派生词：●limit(动词/名词)：limit the speed(限制速度)；There is a limit to what I can do. (我能做的事有限) ●limitation(名词)：the limitations of the plan(这个计划的局限性) 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 7.sufficient/sa'fIfnt/adj.足够的，充足的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：足够的，充足的 ·必记搭配与例句：●be sufficient for(对…足够)：The food is sufficient for all of us. ·sufficient time/money(足够的时间/钱)：We need sufficient time to finish the work. ·重点派生词：·sufficiently(副词)：She is sufficiently experienced for the job.（她有足够的经验 做这份工作) ●sufficiency(名词)：a sufficiency of food（充足的食物) 8.beneficial/benr'fi/adj.有益的，有用的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：有益的，有用的 ·必记搭配与例句：●be beneficial to(对…有益)：Exercise is beneficial to health. ●beneficial effects(有益效果)：The new policy has beneficial effects on the economy. ·重点派生词：·benefit(动词/名词)：benefit from(从…中受益)；for the benefit of(为了… 的利益) 9.error/'erar)/n.错误，差错 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 核心义：错误，差错 ·必记搭配与例句：●nake an error(犯错误)：Everyone may make an error sometimes.. ·error in(在…方面的错误)：There is an error in your calculation. ·重点搭配短语：·through trial and error（反复试验)：They learned to cook through trial and error. 10.wisdom/'wIzdam/n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 核心义：智慧，知识，学问：才智：明智 ·必记搭配与例句：●the wisdom of(…的智慧)：We should learn from the wisdom of the elderly. ●a man of wisdom(有智慧的人)：Confucius was a man of great wisdom ·重点派生词：·wise(形容词)：a wise decision(明智的决定)；wisely(副词)：He acted wisely. (他行事明智) 11.broad /brs3:d/adj.广泛的：宽阔的，广阔的：概括的：开阔的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：广泛的：宽阔的，广阔的：概括的：开阔的 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●broad knowledge(广博的知识)：He has broad knowledge of history. ●broad road(宽阔的道路)：There is a broad road in front of my house. 。broad outline(概括的大纲)：Please give me a broad outline of the plan. ·重点派生词：·broadly(副词)：broadly speaking(广义上讲) 12.postpone/p?sp3/t.延迟，延期 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(vt) 核心义：延迟，延期 ·必记搭配与例句：●postpone doing sth.(推迟做某事)：They decided to postpone holding the meeting. ●postpone until/till(推迟到…)：The match was postponed until next week. 13.speed up(使)加速 ·核心考点：词性：动词短语 核心义：（使)加速 ·必记搭配与例句：●speed up the process(加速进程)：We need to speed up the project to meet the deadline. ·The car speeded up when it reached the highway..(汽车驶上高速公路后加速了) 14.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 ·核心考点：词性：动词短语 核心义：成功，奏效，达到目的 ·必记搭配与例句：·His hard work finally paid off.(他的努力最终得到了回报) ·All our efforts paid off in the end.(我们所有的努力最终都奏效了) 15.through trial and error反复试验 ·核心考点：词性：介词短语 核心义：反复试验 ·必记搭配与例句：·We learned to ride a bike through trial and error..(我们通过反复试验学会了 骑自行车) ·They found the solution through trial and error..(他们通过反复试验找到了解决方案) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 1.The virus has a high level of _making it very dangerous. ●A.dead ●B.deadly ●C.deadliness 。D.death 2.Many animals are struggling for in the changing environment. ●A.survive ●B.survival ●C.survivor ●D.surviving 3.The program to help students improve their English was very popular ●A.intends ·B.intended 。C.intending ●D.intention 4.We can valuable nutrients from fresh vegetables through proper cooking. ·A.extract ●B.extraction ●C.refer ·D.reference 5.If you don't know the word,you can _a dictionary for help. ●A.refer to ·B.pay off 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 ·C.speed up ●D.postpone 6.Our team has time to finish the project,so we need to work harder. ●A.limited ●B.limit ●C.limitation 。D.limiting 7.The new policy is to both individuals and society ●A.benefit ·B.beneficial 。C.beneficiary 。D.beneficially 8.After years of hard work,her efforts finally ·A.speeded up ·B.paid off ●C.referred to ●D.postponed 9.He made an in his calculation,which led to the wrong result. ●A.eTor ●B.correct ·C.wisdom ●D.extraction 10. speaking,this method works for most cases. ●A.Broad 高中必修第三册译林 寒假专版 ·B.Broadly ·C.Wide ·D.Widely 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.She showed great (wise)in solving the problem. 2.The company decided (postpone)the meeting until next Monday. 3.We need (sufficiently)evidence to support our argument. 4.Regular exercise is (benefit)to physical and mental health. 5.The (survive)of the ancient culture surprised many historians 6.He has no (intend)of changing his mind. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The river is too b for us to swim across. 2.They learned to cook through t and error. 3.The medicine should be used with caution due to its d side effects. 4.We need to s up the process to meet the deadline. 5.The book is i for children aged 5-8. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.C2.B3B4.A5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A10B ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.wisdom 2.to postpone 3.sufficient 4.beneficial 5.survival 6.intention ·三、首字母填空 1.broad 2.trial 3.deadly 4.speed 5.intended