Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world三-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中·译林版 寒假专版 必修第三册词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林版·必修第三册Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇总览 bomb /bpm/n.炸弹；核武器；t.negate /nr'get/t.取消，使无效：许，许可；使有可能：/p3mrt/n 轰炸 否认，否定 许可证 eil/'i:vl/n.罪恶，恶行；害处，intellectual/,nta'lektfual/adj.脑responsibility /rI,sppns3'bati/n. 坏处：adj.恶毒的：有害的：恶力的：有才智的，智力发达的：n.责任，负责：职责，义务 魔的 知识分子，脑力劳动者 declare/dr'klea(r)/t.表明，宣称； involve/m'volv/t.包含，牵涉，mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘：神秘的公布，宣布；申报 影响：（使）参加 人（或事物），悬疑作品 nationality/.ne3'naelati/n.国籍： scientific/,saren'tfik/adj.科学let sb down使某人失望 民族 的，关于科学的：细致严谨的gnorance'ignarans/n.无知 put forward提出，提议，建议 credit/'kredit/n.赞扬，认可：信asto关于，至于 evolution/,iva'lu:n/n.进化，演 用：t.存入金额；把…归于 take it for granted/'gra:ntId/想变，发展 moral/mDrl/adj.道德的：道义当然地认为，认为…是理所当然publish/'pAbl/v.出版，发行： 上的：品行端正的：n.品行，道freedom/'fi:dom/n.自由 发表：公布 德：寓意 authority:'Drati/n.权威，权marriage/'marId/n.结婚，婚 appy月plat.&vi.应用：申力：官方 姻；已婚状态 请：涂：有关 permit /p3'mt/t.&vi.允许，准 词汇核心考点精讲 1.involve/m'volv/t.包含，牵涉，影响；（使）参加 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 3个核心义：包含（某内容）、牵涉（某人/事）、使参加（活动） ·必记搭配与例句：●involve doing sth.(需要做某事)：The job involves working at weekends. ●involve sb.in sth.（使某人卷入某事)：He was involved in the accident. ●be involved in(参与)：She is involved in community work ·重点派生词：·involved(形容词)：get involved(参与进来)；involved details(复杂的细节) ●involvement(名词)：her involvement in politics(她对政治的参与) 2.scientific/,saren'tfik/adj.科学的，关于科学的：细致严谨的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(ad) 2个核心义：科学的（与科学相关的）、细致严谨的（方法/态度） 高中·译林版 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●scientific research(科学研究)：They are doing scientific research. ·scientific method(科学方法)：We should use the scientific method. ·重点派生词：·science(名词)：natural science(自然科学) ●scientist(名词)：a famous scientist(一位著名科学家) ·scientifically(副词)：scientifically proven(科学证明的) 3.credit/'kredit/n.赞扬，认可；信用；t.存入金额：把…归于 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n)/及物动词(vt.) 3个核心义：赞扬(n.)、信用(n.)、把…归于(t.) ·必记搭配与例句：·get/take credit for(因…获得赞扬)：She got credit for solving the problem. ●credit card(信用卡)：I paid with a credit card.. ·credit sth.tosb.(把某事归功于某人)：He credited his success to hard work. ·重点派生词：·credible(形容词)：a credible story(可信的故事) ●credibility(名词)：lose credibility(失去可信度) 4.moral /'mpral/adj.道德的：道义上的；品行端正的：n.品行，道德：寓意 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 3个核心义：道德的(adj.)、道义上的(adj.)、寓意(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：●moral sense(道德感)：He has a strong moral sense. ●moral support(精神支持)：She gave me moral support. ●the moral of the story(故事的寓意)：The moral of the story is honesty. ·重点派生词：●morally(副词)：morally wrong(道义上错误的) ●morality（名词)：social morality(社会道德) 5.apply /a'plar/t.&vi.应用：申请：涂；有关 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词/不及物动词(t.&vi.) 3个核心义：应用（知识方法）、申请（职位/学校）、涂（油漆/药膏） ·必记搭配与例句：·apply for(申请)：He applied for the job. ●apply to(适用于)：This rule applies to everyone. ·apply sth.to sth.(把某物应用于某物)：Apply the theory to practice ·重点派生词：·application(名词)：job application(工作申请)：application form（申请表) ●applicant(名词)：job applicants(求职者) ·applied(形容词)：applied science(应用科学) 6.negate /n1'get/t.取消，使无效：否认，否定 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 2个核心义：取消，使无效（法律/合同）、否认，否定（观点/事实） 高中·译林版 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●negate a decision(撤销决定)：The court negated the previous decision ·negate the fact(否认事实)：He tried to negate the fact.. ·重点派生词：●negation(名词)：he negation of truth(对真理的否定) ●negative(形容词)：negative attitude(消极态度)：negative effect(负面影响) 7.intellectual/,nta'lekt fual/adj.脑力的：有才智的，智力发达的：n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 3个核心义：脑力的（活动）、有才智的（人）、知识分子(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：●intellectual ability(智力)：He has great intellectual ability. ●intellectual work(脑力工作)：Writing is intellectual work. ·重点派生词：●intelligence（名词)：artificial intelligence（人工智能) ●intelligent（形容词)：an intelligent student(聪明的学生) 8.mystery/mistri//n.神秘：神秘的人（或事物）：悬疑作品 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：神秘（抽象概念）、神秘的人/事物（具体） ·必记搭配与例句：·solve a mystery(解开谜团)：The police solved the mystery. ●a mystery to sb.(对某人来说是谜)：He is a mystery to me. ·重点派生词：●mysterious(形容词)：a mysterious event(神秘事件) ·mysteriously(副词)：He disappeared mysteriously. 9.freedom/'fri:dem/n.自由 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：自由（权利/状态）、自主（做某事的自由） ·必记搭配与例句：·freedom of speech(言论自由)：We have freedom of speech,. ●freedom to do sth.(做某事的自由)：She has the freedom to choose. ·重点派生词：●free(形容词)：free time(空闲时间)：free country(自由国家) ·freely(副词)：speak freely(畅所欲言) 10.authority /:'0or3ti/n.权威，权力；官方 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：权威（权力/影响力）、官方（机构） ·必记搭配与例句：·in authority(有权的)：The people in authority made the decision. ●have authority over(对…有管辖权)：Teachers have authority over students. ·重点派生词：·authorize(动词)：authorize sb.to do sth.(授权某人做某事) ●authoritative(形容词)：authoritative source(权威来源) 高中·译林版 寒假专版 l1.permit /p3'mt/vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能；/'p3mt/n.许可证 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词/不及物动词(t.&vi.)/名词(n.) 3个核心义：允许(t.)、使有可能(vi.)、许可证(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：·permit doing sth..(允许做某事)：Smoking is not permitted here. ●permit sb.to do sth.（允许某人做某事)：My parents permit me to go out. ●work permit(工作许可证)：He has a work permit. ·重点派生词：●permission(名词)：ask for permission(请求许可) ●permissible(形容词)：permissible behavior(允许的行为) 12.responsibility/r,spDns3 bilati/n.责任，负责；职责，义务 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：责任（负责的状态）、职责（具体义务） ·必记搭配与例句：●take responsibility for(对…负责)：You must take responsibility for your actions. ●sense of responsibility(责任感)：He has a strong sense of responsibility ·重点派生词：●responsible（形容词)：be responsible for(对…负责) ●responsibly(副词)：act responsibly(负责任地行动) 13.declare/d'kea)/t.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 3个核心义：表明（观点）、宣布（官方消息）、申报（海关） ·必记搭配与例句：·declare sth.tosb.(向某人声明某事)：He declared his love to her. ●declare war(宣战)：The country declared war. ●declare sth.at customs(在海关申报某物)：You must declare the goods.. ·重点派生词：·declaration(名词)：Declaration of Independence(独立宣言) ·declared(形容词)：a declared enemy(公开的敌人) 14.evolution/,iv3'lun/n.进化，演变，发展 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：进化（生物）、演变（事物发展） ·必记搭配与例句：●theory of evolution(进化论)：Darwin proposed the theory of evolution, ●the evolution of language(语言的演变)：We study the evolution of language. ·重点派生词：●evolve(动词)：The company has evolved over the years. ●evolutionary(形容词)：evolutionary process(进化过程) 15.publish/pAblif/vt.出版，发行；发表：公布 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 3个核心义：出版（书籍/杂志）、发表（文章/作品）、公布（信息） 高中·译林版 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●oublish a book(出版一本书)：The company will publish his book. ●publish an article(发表一篇文章)：She published an article in the newspaper.. ●oublish the results（公布结果)：They published the exam results.. 重点派生词：●publisher(名词)：a book publisher(图书出版商) ●publication(名词)：the publication of the report(报告的发表) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The job involves(work)with a team of experts. ●Awok ●B to work 。C working ●D worked 2.We should use themethod to solve this problem. 。A science ●B scientific ·C scientist ·D scientifically 3.She got for organizing the successful event ·A credit 。B credible ●C credibility ·D credited 4.The of the story is that honesty is the best policy. ●A moral 高中·译林版 寒假专版 ·B morally 。C morality ●D immoral 5.You need to for a visa before traveling to that country. 。A apply ·B application ·C applicant ·D applied 6.His negative attitude willall our efforts to improve the situation. ●A negate ·B negation ●C negative 。D negatively 7.Reading is an-activity that helps improve your thinking skills. 。A intelligence 。B intelligent ·C intellectual ●D intellectually 8.The police are trying to solve theof the missing painting. ●A mystery ·B mysterious ●C mysteriously ●D mystify 9.Everyone has the _to express their opinions freely. 高中·译林版 寒假专版 ·A free 。B freely 。C freedom 。D freeing 10.Teachers have_over their students in the classroom ●A authority ●B authorize ●C authoritative ●D author 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.He was_(involve)in the project from the beginning.(提示：involve的形容词形式) 2.The_(science)has made a great discovery in biology..(提示：scientific的名词形式) 3.Her success is_(credit)to hard work and determination.(提示：credit的被动语态) 4.Itis_(moral)wrong to tell lies to your parents.(提示：moral的副词形式) 5.The_(apply)deadline for the scholarship is next Friday..(提示：apply的名词形式) 6.The court's decision led to the_(negate)of the previous law.(提示：negate的名词形式) 7.Artificial_(intelligent)is changing the way we live.(提示：intellectual的名词形式) &.The_(mystery)disappearance of the hiker remains unsolved.(提示：mystery的形容词形式) 9.She spoke_(free)about her experiences during the interview.(提示：freedom的副词形式) 10.The manager has the_(authorize)to approve this budget..(提示：authority的动词形式) 3.三、首字母填空 1.The new policy will p._us to work more efficiently.(提示：允许，动词) 2.Taking r for your mistakes is a sign of maturity.(提示：责任，名词) 3.The company will dits new product line next month.(提示：宣布，动词) 4.Darwin's theory of e._changed the way we understand life on Earth.(提示：进化，名词) 5.The publisher decided to p his first novel next spring.(提示：出版，动词) 高中·译林版 寒假专版 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 CBAAAACACA ·二、根据提示补全句子 involved scientist credited morally application negation intelligence mysterious freely authorize ·三、首字母填空 permit responsibility declare evolution publish