精品解析：上海市控江中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

上海市控江中学2025学年第一学期高二年级期中英语试卷 2025.11 命题和校对：高二英语备课组 (满分：140分 考试时间：120分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. See a film with the man. B. Offer the man some help. C. Listen to some great music. D. Say thanks to the man. 2. A. At 1:00 pm. B. At 3:00 pm. C. At 4:00 pm. D. At 5:00 pm. 3. A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. D. On a train. 4. A. A guy stole his clothes. B. He found his clothes ugly. C. Someone said he was ugly. D. The clothes in the supermarket are ugly. 5. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 6. A. 147 pounds. B. 150 pounds. C. 153 pounds. D. 163 pounds. 7. A. To get a haircut. B. To attend a party. C. To do some shopping. D. To drive her home. 8. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired. 9. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech. C. It made the mayor's view clearer. D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately. 10. A. Germany. B. France. C. West Africa. D. Spain. Section B (15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. He was Ms. Beach's neighbor. B. He used to work at Ms. Beach's bookstore. C. He has followed Ms. Beach's way of doing business. D. He came from Britain. 12. A. She died. B. The Germans made her give it up. C. Her business went from bad to worse. D. She decided to start a new business. 13. A. In 1951. B. In 1962. C. 1964. D. In 1919. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A.0.1cm. B.1cm. C.0.01mm. D.0.1mm. 15. A. There was a hole in it. B. It got hurt by something hard. C. It went off Bill Beaver's eye. D. It sometimes didn't work well. 16. A. It was made by hand. B. It was made by a special robot. C. There was some blood during the operation. D. The doctors didn't take part during the operation. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It could be done with good grades. B. It couldn't be done. C. It was very difficult. D. It was boring. 18. A. He didn't like physical education. B. He had so little physical energy. C. He was unable to sit still in class. D. He can't use skateboard at school. 19. A. He had a different school. B. He let students plan P. E. classes on their own. C. He was kind to every student. D. He showed some techniques during classes. 20. A. It was robot-like with new tricks. B. He was more professional. C. He created it by himself. D. It is smoother than others'. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are Summering and Medaling Annoying? While many of us in the northern hemisphere may have been away somewhere nice recently, not many of us would say that we’ve ‘summered’. “Summer” is clearly a noun, or____1____ (precisely), a “verbified” noun. Way back in our childhood, we all learned the differences between a noun (person, place or thing) and a verb (action word). ____2____ such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you don’t feel uncomfortable at the sight of those ____3____ (verb) nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old the English language,” says Patricia O’ Conner, a former editor at the The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems ____4____ (snowball). Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. ____5____ conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice, William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately ____6____ (press) into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, ____7____ (advise) writers to use verbs in this way cautiously, if at all. So are there any rules fro verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people thin twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by ____8____ already existing popular verb. Make sure it is descriptive but not silly sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective. If I invite you to “Facebook me”, you’ll know exactly ____9____ I mean. I suppose I could ask you to contact me on Facebook or to connect with me on Facebook, but why bother? “Facebook me” is easy to say. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes ______10______ make English “English”. Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing together, forget it. 【答案】1. more precisely 2. With 3. verbed 4. to be snowballing 5. Even if 6. have been pressed 7. advising 8. an 9. what 10. that 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文的陈述对象是动词化名词。讲述了动词化名词的产生和一些人士对于动词化名词的看法和讨论。 【1题详解】 考查比较级。句意：“Summer”显然是一个名词，或者更准确地说，是一个“修饰过的”名词。此处表示“更准确地说”，需用副词比较级修饰整个句子。故填more precisely。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：有了这样一个整洁的定义，很容易发现其中的区别。表示“具有”应用介词with，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填With。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这些动名词时，你可能不会感到不舒服。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词nouns，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填verbed。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种现象似乎像滚雪球一样越滚越大。seem to do sth.为固定用法，意为“似乎做某事”，表示snowball这个动作一直在进行，需用动词不定式的进行式。故填to be snowballing。 5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：即使转换是相当普遍的，许多语法学家反对这种做法。上下文形成转折关系，需用连词even if引导让步状语从句。故填Even if。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：小威廉·斯特伦克(William Strunk Jr.)和E·B·怀特(E. B. White)在《风格的要素》(the Elements of Style)——美国英语使用的圣经——中说:“近来，许多名词被强行用作动词。”根据“lately”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“Many nouns”和“press”为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been pressed。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《芝加哥文体手册》(Chicago Manual of Style)也持类似的观点，建议作者谨慎使用动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语The Chicago Manual of Style和advise为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填advising。 【8题详解】 考查冠词。句意：兰登书屋(Random House)的文案主管本杰明·德雷尔(Benjamin Dreyer)并没有给出一条规则，但他建议，如果一个名词很容易被现有的流行动词取代，那么人们在“逐字背诵”这个名词时应该慎重考虑。verb为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，already发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：如果我邀请你“Facebook”我，你就会明白我的意思。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导，指代“我的意思”。故填what。 【10题详解】 考查强调句。句意：几个世纪以来，名词容易转换为动词一直是英语语法的一部分；这是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分，此处对主语one of the processes进行强调，应用that。故填that。 Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. application B. boast C. contrast D. earn E. empowers F. engage G. following H. response I. subject J. tracks K. varying What Is a Social Media Influencer? The term “influencer” may seem like a fairly new addition to our word bank, but first uses date back to the 1660s. Still, its ____11____ to social media — relatively new in its own right — is a more recent phenomenon. While the “very first” commercial influencer may be lost somewhere in the records of history, product packaging and magazine adverts of the past provide a breadcrumb trail (蛛丝马迹) that ____12____ the early evolution of influencer marketing. From the Marlboro Man, to Santa Claus, imaginary characters have offered tried and true ways to establish a personalized connection between products and consumers. Eventually, these influential spokespersons led to the modern social media influencer — someone who has built a sizable ____13____ across one or more social media channels. Along with differences in size and reach, the channels, content formats, and categories will also shape the influencer definition to ____14____ degrees. Throughout the evolution of social media, its variety of platforms have continually changed in ____15____ to user behavior and expectations. Whether it’s YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, or Twitch, these social media channels offer influencers different ways to create, publish, and consume content, as well as ____16____ an audience. Thus, the influencer definition is ____17____ to change with the ever-changing social media scene, and all variables must be taken into consideration when defining social media influencers. Today, asking for the definition of an influencer — or even influencer marketing — could result in a large number of different answers. However, at their core, influencers are social media personalities with loyal audiences that they ____18____ by sharing content that inspires, entertains, informs, and connects them with their followers. This direct line of communication ____19____ influencers to generate social conversations, drive engagement, and ultimately, set trends among a receptive and socially wise audience. Social media influencers are generally categorized by two main tiers — micro- and macro- influencers. While micro-influencers have followings between 10,000 to 50,000, macro-influencers ____20____ audiences between 500,000 to 1 million. But these categories can be broken down even further to include the wide range of social media influencers. 【答案】11. A 12. J 13. G 14. K 15. H 16. F 17. I 18. D 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“社交媒体影响者”的定义及其演变历程，强调了影响者通过内容创作赋能受众、推动互动并引领趋势的核心作用，还分析了不同层级影响者的粉丝规模差异。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，该术语在社交媒体领域的应用——社交媒体本身也相对较新——却是更近的现象。空处作主语，结合“to social media”可推知，A项application“应用”符合题意，application常和介词to搭配使用，表示“在社交媒体领域的应用”。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然“最早的”商业影响者可能湮灭在历史记录中，但过去的产品包装和杂志广告提供了追踪影响者营销早期发展的蛛丝马迹。空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词是a breadcrumb trail，关系代词替代先行词在从句中作主语，结合“the early evolution of influencer marketing”可推知，J项tracks“追踪”符合题意，表示“追踪影响者营销早期发展”。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：最终，这些有影响力的代言人催生了现代的社交媒体影响者——即在某个或多个社交平台上积累大量追随者的人。空处作built的宾语，结合“sizable”可推知，G项following“一批追随者”符合题意，通常用单数形式，表示“积累大量追随者”。故选G。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除了规模和影响力的差异，平台、内容形式和类别也会以不同程度塑造“影响者”的定义。空处作修饰degrees的定语，结合“the channels, content formats, and categories will also shape the influencer definition”可推知，K项varying“不同的”符合题意，表示“以不同程度”。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：在社交媒体的发展过程中，其多样化的平台不断根据用户行为和期望进行调整。空处作in的宾语，结合“to user behavior and expectations”可推知，H项response“反应”符合题意，短语in response to意为“作为对……的反应”，表示“根据用户行为和期望”。故选H。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论是YouTube、Instagram、Facebook还是Twitch，这些社交平台为影响者提供了不同的方式来创作、发布和消费内容，同时吸引受众。as well as连接平行结构，结合“create, publish, and consume content”和“an audience”可推知，F项engage“吸引”符合题意，表示“吸引受众”。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，“影响者”的定义会随着不断变化的社交媒体场景而变化，定义社交媒体影响者时必须考虑所有变量。空处作表语，结合“to change with the ever-changing social media scene”可推知，I项subject符合题意，短语be subject to意为“取决于，视……而定”，表示“随着不断变化的社交媒体场景而变化”。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，核心上，影响者是社交媒体上的知名人士，他们通过分享能激励、娱乐、教育和连接粉丝的内容来赢得忠实的受众。空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词是loyal audiences，关系代词替代先行词在从句中作主语，结合“by sharing content”可推知，D项earn“赢得”符合题意，表示“通过分享内容来赢得受众”。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种直接的沟通方式使影响者能够推动社交对话、提高参与度，并最终在乐于接受且社交意识强的受众中引领趋势。空处作谓语，结合“influencers to generate social conversations”可推知，E项empowers“使能够”符合题意，短语empower sb. to do意为“使某人能够做某事”，表示“使影响者能够推动社交对话”。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：微观影响者的粉丝数在1万到5万之间，而宏观影响者则拥有50万到100万的受众。空处作谓语，结合“micro-influencers have followings between 10,000 to 50,000”可推知，B项boast“有（值得自豪的东西）”符合题意，表示“拥有50万到100万的受众”。故选B。 III. Reading comprehension Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex___21___ not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is ___22___ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us. “If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the ___23___ and we do not exist without it.” Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to ___24___ course. “The two greatest ___25___ of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently ___26___ more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values. That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the___27___ also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, ___28___ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems. The campaign also recognizes the importance of___29___ local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it ____30____ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies. ____31____, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would ____32____catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.” “Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants ____33____ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) ____34____,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are ____35____ protecting it.” 21. A. argument B. term C. structure D. problem 22. A. altering B. developing C. stabilizing D. worsening 23. A. ecosystem B. threat C. cycle D. procedure 24. A. affect B. change C. reverse D. continue 25. A. aspects B. causes C. consequences D. occasions 26. A. acquiring B. protecting C. exploiting D. possessing 27. A. management B. announcement C. campaign D. competition 28. A. consume B. destroy C. lose D. contain 29. A. denying B. enjoying C. ignoring D. respecting 30. A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. profitable 31. A. Besides B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise 32. A. witness B. detect C. confirm D. avoid 33. A. measure B. absorb C. survive D. prevent 34. A. mission B. decision C. option D. exploration 35. A. worried about B. confident in C. responsible for D. good at 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【分析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，号召人们采取行动保护我们赖以生存的地球。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个复杂的术语不仅指地球上令人难以置信的生命多样性，还指从基因到整个生态系统如何相互作用，从而使地球适于居住。A. argument论点；B. term术语；C. structure结构；D. problem问题。根据上一句可知，生物多样性这个概念经常被引用，但也经常被误解。这是个复杂的“术语”，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息:科学表明，全球生物多样性正在以比人类历史上任何时候都要快的速度恶化。A. altering改变；B. developing发展；C. stabilizing安定；D. worsening恶化。根据“The bad news”可知，这是一个坏消息，因此排除其他选项，选项D. worsening(恶化)符合语境，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是生态系统的一部分，没有它我们就不能生存。A. ecosystem生态系统；B. threat威胁；C. cycle循环；D. procedure程序，步骤。上文讲到，如果生物多样性消失，人类也会消失，可知，我们是生态系统(ecosystem)的一部分。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，要防止这样的灾难，首先要了解生物多样性为什么在下降，然后采取行动扭转局面。A. affect影响；B. change改变；C. reverse反转，扭转；D. continue继续。根据语境可知，我们要了解生物多样性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭转这一过程，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生物多样性丧失的两大原因是栖息地的丧失，主要是在陆地上，以及过度开发，主要是在海洋中。A. aspects方面；B. causes原因；C. consequences结果；D. occasions场合，机会。根据句意可知，栖息地的丧失是生物多样性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，我们可以通过永久地保护更多的土地和海洋，并根据它们的保护价值管理它们来解决这些问题。A. acquiring获得；B. protecting保护；C. exploiting开发；D. possessing占有。根据句意，我们要“保护（protect）”土地和海洋，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动并不是简单地保护地球的30%，而是鼓励各国与当地社区通力合作，关注正确的30%。A. management管理；B. announcement公告；C. campaign战役，活动；D. competition竞争，比赛。这里指“the global Campaign for Nature（全球保护自然运动）”，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，这些地区拥有最重要的生物多样性，如濒危物种和生态系统以及稀有物种和生态系统。A. consume消耗；B. destroy毁坏；C. lose丢失；D. contain包含。全球自然运动的使命是保护这些地区，是因为这些地区拥有（contain）最重要的生物多样性，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动也认识到尊重地方权利的重要性。A. denying否认；B. enjoying喜欢；C. ignoring忽略；D. respecting尊重。根据下文可知，当地人民管理或拥有土地的使用权，因此该运动认识到尊重他们的重要性，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人民管理或拥有土地使用权，这些土地支撑着世界上约80%的生物多样性，使这些社区成为制定和执行战略的全面伙伴至关重要。A. essential必要的，必不可少的；B. simple简单的；C. temporary临时的；D. profitable有益的。根据上文，当地人民在保护生物多样性方面十分重要，全球自然运动有必要与当地社区联合行动保护多样性，选项A符合语境，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，国家地理常驻探险家Enric Sala博士说，保护关键生物多样性地区的健康对于应对气候变化至关重要。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，该句讲“保护生物多样性对于应对气候变化至关重要”，这与上文是并列关系，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sala的论文认为，与国际巴黎协定结合起来对抗气候变化，将避免灾难性的气候变化，保护物种，并确保基本的生态系统服务。A. witness目击；B. detect察觉；C. confirm确认，证实；D. avoid避免。根据句意，对抗气候变化会“避免（avoid）”灾难性的气候变化，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木、湿地、草原、泥炭沼泽、盐沼、健康的海洋生态系统、红树林和植物吸收了人类排放到大气中的大部分碳污染。A. measure衡量；B. absorb吸收；C. survive存活；D. prevent阻止。根据常识，树木“吸收（absorb）”大气中的碳，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一个选择。” Sala补充说，“我们的生活和人类社会繁荣的唯一条件是在地球上。”A. mission使命；B. decision决定；C. option选项，选择；D. exploration探索。根据下文，Sala认为人类唯一得以生存和繁荣的地方就是地球，因此认为移居火星不是一个（正确的）选择。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我们有责任保护它。A. (be) worried about担心；B. (be) confident in自信；C. (be) responsible for对…负责；D. (be) good at擅长。根据上文可知，我们有责任保护我们赖以生存的地球，故选C。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On our 20th anniversary, Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away. We didn’t know much about the town, but that was fine. Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen, California. Within minutes, friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips. You gotta hike to Jack London’s house. Oh, dinner at the Fig Café. Hours later, having followed their yellow brick road all day, we walked, delirious, back from dinner to our creekside inn. “I think I could live here,” Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. Jill and her husband, Art, have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild. They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’ selflessness. “I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,” Jill says. “The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing. The kindness thing, it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! 36. What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A. He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B. He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen, both positive and negative. C. He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D. He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 37. How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A. They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B. They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C. They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D. They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 38. Which of the following is the right understanding of ““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun.”? A. Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’ inborn generosity. B. Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C. Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D. Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’ constant and generous assistance. 39. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B. To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C. To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D. To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在他们结婚20周年之际，为了重拾对彼此的信心，去一个不知名小镇的故事，并通过描写了Jill一家的遭遇，旨在突出小镇居民的善良和淳朴。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. (事实证明，Glen Ellen的传染性精神并不是我们转瞬即逝的幻觉。2017年10月，修女大火席卷了圣罗莎附近的这个小镇。令人震惊的是，Glen Ellen大约750所房屋中有183所被烧毁。其中就有Jill Dawson的住处，就在我们下一个周年纪念回到的小旅馆的小溪对面，之后又去了四个周年纪念。读完Jill家人的故事后，我给她打了电话。她听起来就像苏珊和我喜欢在Glen Ellen遇到的那种精神饱满、慷慨大方的人。)”可知，作者几次旅行中对Glen Ellen热情好客的社区精神产生了积极的印象，故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. (她告诉我，火灾发生后，她的家人留在镇上的前景看起来很渺茫。但居民们在Facebook和乡村市场上动员起来，集思广益，讨论如何为彼此提供住房。)”和第五段“Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. (一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”可知，Glen Ellen社区在火灾后举行了一系列的筹款活动来帮助受灾家庭。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. (一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”以及本句““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. (“他们的名字是福斯特一家，我告诉他们，‘你们就是忍不住，’” Jill说，对自己的双关语感到好笑。)”可知，Jill说这句话的意思是他的邻居忍不住想要帮助他们，也就是Jill认为福斯特夫妇天生的慷慨大方。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! (在我们一年一度的“美国最佳地点”评选开始之际，Glen Ellen只是其中一个例子。那么多城市、工作场所、教堂、学校和其他地方的繁荣，是因为，嗯，“善良的东西，它仍然很大。”请花时间登录RD.COM/NICEST告诉我们你爱的人。谢谢你！)”可知，本文作者呼吁人们分享身边有爱的经历，故选D。 (B) Wonders of Australia 22 days from only £6245 per person Day 1: Depart UK Days 2-5: Singapore Enjoy a city tour including Merlion Park, Marina Bay, and fabulous gardens. As an alternative, you may choose to stop in Dubai at no extra cost. Days 6-11: Melbourne Visit Victoria Markets and Federation Square. Perhaps take an optional excursion to explore Fairy Penguin Parade. Day 12-14: The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys. Covering 1,555 kilometres, we see the everchanging landscape as we journey north. Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Day 15-17: Uluru (Ayers Rock) We enjoy a refreshing glass of sparkling wine and witness the changing colours as the sun sets. There is a chance to explore the rock in the morning, before visiting the impressive Olgas. Days 18-21: Cairns & The Great Barrier Reef Dive in the sheltered coral lake and view the reef from underwater observatory. Lunch is included. Optional tours on our Freedom Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda, and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest. Day 22: Arrive UK We arrive at your chosen airport, bringing an end to our incredible adventure. Departure Dates Stopover Offer Price Per Person Availability 28 Jul 2024 - £5,895 7 Rooms 06 Oct 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 10 Nov 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 23 Feb 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 08 Mar 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 05 Apr 2025 £29pp £6,245 New Date 26 Jul 2025 £29pp £6,795 New Date Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only £29 per person (£48 for single occupancy). Stopover choices are Singapore, Bangkok, Dubai, or Bali and include return transfers and four-star accommodation with breakfast. For more details and full booking conditions, please request a brochure or visit www.distantjourneys.co.uk. Call FREE for a brochure 0800 141 3719. 40. If Karen is addicted to railway journeys, ________ are most likely to be her favourites. A. Cairns and the Ghan B. Uluru and Melbourne C. Melbourne and the Ghan D. Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef 41. If you have decided to join the tour, which of the following statements is true? A. You may be charged an extra £349 in total for daily breakfasts. B. You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest, a world heritage. C. You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost. D. You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan. 42. If Jonathan and his two male friends, who have booked the travel, will depart UK on April 5th, 2025, with a two-night stopover in Bangkok, then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total? A. £17,791 B. £18,822 C. £18,841 D. £19,572 【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是一次远途旅行的宣传广告。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据Day 12-14部分中的“The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys. (在甘河体验世界上最令人印象深刻的铁路之旅之一。)”和Days 18-21部分中的“Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda, and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest. (在凯恩斯的游览包括前往库兰达的风景火车之旅，以及附近被列入世界遗产名录的丹特里雨林的一日游。)”可知，如果凯伦对铁路旅行上瘾，凯恩斯和甘河最有可能是她的最爱。故选A。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Day 12-14部分中的“Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. (享受全套黄金服务，包括车上餐食，以及各种酒精和非酒精饮料。)”可知，如果你决定参加这次旅行，你将在乘坐火车北上途中获得一顿饭和饮料。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中的05 Apr 2025一行中可知，每人单价为£6,245，根据表格下粗体部分“Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only £29 per person (£48 for single occupancy). (在2024年4月30日前预订，可以享受一间双人房，中途停留两晚，每人只需29英镑（单人房48英镑）。)”可知，两名女生每人需要付29英镑房费，乔纳森需要付48英镑，所以总计是6,245*3+29*2+48=18841(英镑)。故选C。 (C) A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. “If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that,” said Dr Jacob Schroder, a transplant surgeon at the Duke University School of Medicine. “This really should be the standard of care.” Most transplanted hearts come from brain-dead donors who’ve died due to a complete loss of brain activity, rather than circulatory death (循环衰竭死亡), in which the heart stops. A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating, and this allows doctors to remove the heart while it’s still perfused with oxygen-rich blood, and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen. The heart is then washed with a preservation solution, placed in an ice-filled cooler and rushed to its recipient (接受者). In the recent trial results, doctors compared the survival rates of transplant recipients who got hearts from brain-dead donors with the survival rates of those who got hearts from donors who’d died of circulatory death. A total of 166 US-based heart transplant patients were included in the primary analysis, 86 in the brain death group and 80 in the circulatory-death group. Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. DCD is made possible by extracorporeal (体外) machine perfusion, which involves hooking up the donor organ to a machine that pumps blood and nutrients through its tissues. The new trial tested a perfusion system called Organ Care System Heart, made by TransMedics, the trial’s funder. The system warms the blood that it pumps through the donor hearts, as compared with other perfusion systems, which still require the organ be cooled as part of the preservation process. Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months, compared with the traditional heart transplant group, the DCD group had slightly higher rates of moderate to severe primary graft dysfunction (原发性移植器官功能不良), in which one or both of the heart’s ventricles (心室) show dangerous dysfunction within 24 hours of the transplantation surgery. However, none of the DCD patients had primary graft failure that resulted in retransplantation, while two people in the traditional transplant group did. Overall, the rate of serious negative events was very low and similar in both groups, as assessed out to 30 days post-surgery. The new trial involved multiple medical centres and builds upon previous evidence in favour of DCD, which mostly drew from isolated cases and small trials performed at single centres in Australia and the United Kingdom. 43. Why is Dr Jacob Schroder in favour of the new approach to collecting hearts? A. ‘Reanimating’ organ donors’ hearts work much better. B. The new approach standardizes the traditional routine. C. The sources of donated hearts will be greatly enriched. D Patients widely apply for the approval of the approach. 44. The underlined word “perfused” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. spread through B. portioned evenly C. perceived lacking D. draining off swiftly 45. How does a ‘reanimated’ heart compare with one from a brain-dead donor? A. A ‘reanimated’ heart doesn’t need to be cooled while the other does. B. The heart from brain-dead donors is more likely to suffer dysfunction. C. The DCD group has undergone retransplantation due to heart failure. D. Similar percentage of patients survive post-surgically at six months. 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. A Debate on the Conventional and Novel Approaches B. ‘Reanimated’ Hearts Can Be Successfully Transplanted C. DCD — a Medical Breakthrough with Perfect Effects D. Standard Heart Transplantation Proves Unparalleled 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新试验证明，通过体外灌注技术“复活”循环死亡供体的心脏移植效果与传统脑死亡供体相当，可扩大供体库30%，尽管移植后中重度功能障碍率略高，但术后6个月存活率与严重并发症发生率无显著差异。 43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. (如果这种方法得到广泛应用，估计可以使心脏供体库增加30%。)”和Jacob Schroder博士所说的话“If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that (如果我们打个响指就能让人们使用它，我认为它可能会上升得更多)”可知，Jacob Schroder博士支持新方法是因为它能显著增加心脏供体来源。故选C项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating (一个脑死亡的病人可以在心脏停止跳动之前被宣布死亡)”和下文“and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen (因此还没有因为缺氧而受损)”可知，脑死亡供体被拆除心脏前，心脏仍在跳动，没有缺氧。由此可知，医生是在心脏仍充满富氧血液时将其取出，画线词意为“遍布，充满”，与spread through“蔓延”意思接近。B. 均匀分配；C. 被认为缺乏；D. 快速流失。故选A项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. (术后6个月，脑死亡组的存活率为90%，循环死亡组的存活率为94%，这表明循环死亡后捐赠，或者说DCD，是心脏移植同样可行的方法。)”和最后一段中“Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months (尽管两组在六个月时的存活率相似)”可知，两种心脏移植后患者术后6个月存活率相近。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. (新的试验数据显示，一种使器官捐献者的心脏“复活”的方法与收集用于移植的心脏的标准方法一样有效。)”可知，文章围绕循环死亡后心脏经灌注技术复活并成功移植这一试验结果展开，指出这种心脏移植方式的效果与传统脑死亡供体相当，可扩大供体库30%，尽管移植后中重度功能障碍率略高，但术后6个月存活率与严重并发症发生率无显著差异。因此，B项“‘复活’的心脏可以成功移植”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. ____47____ Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” ____48____ The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. ____49____ If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? ____50____ A. This one should be easy, but it’s not. B. Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C. He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E. Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F. By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. 【答案】47. D 48. C 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何有效说‘不’”展开，通过职场案例分析拒绝的难点，并提出具体解决策略。 【47题详解】 前文“How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. (你有多擅长说“不”？对许多人来说，这是非常困难的。)”提到很多人觉得说“不”很难，后文“Consider these scenes (考虑以下场景)”引出围绕编辑的职场场景的案例，此处需要一个过渡句，解释为什么说“不”很难，并引出后面的例子，因此D项“This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. (对于编辑来说尤其如此，他们天生就热衷于参与他们所做的一切。)”符合语境，指向编辑这一群体，点明其天性难以说“不”，承前启后。故选D。 【48题详解】 前文“The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” (对老板说“不”的第一条规则是“不要说不”。)”指出拒绝老板的第一条规则，后文“The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. (第二条规则是“不要通过挑战他的权威来增加风险。”这个问题已经决定了。第三条规则是“准备好列举各种选择和后果”。老板的建议可能是恰当的，但总会有后果。)”紧接着给出第二条和第三条规则及对应的理由，此处需要补充说明第一条规则的原因，因此C项“He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. (他提建议时可能有自己的想法，而你需要弄清楚他的意图。)”符合语境，解释了为何不要直接拒绝，承接前文，其中的He指代前文的the boss。故选C。 【49题详解】 前文“Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. (这是另一个例子。你最不喜欢的记者提出了一个愚蠢的故事点子。)”引入最讨厌的记者提愚蠢故事点子的场景，后文“If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. (如果你说“不”，即使是礼貌地说，你也有可能阻止更多的想法，不仅是那个记者，还有那些听说你拒绝了这个想法的人。)”讨论直接拒绝可能扼杀其他记者的想法，此处需要说明拒绝的困难，因此A项“This one should be easy, but it’s not. (这看起来应该很容易，但实际上并非如此。)”符合语境，点明这种情境下拒绝也很难，承前启后。故选A。 【50题详解】 前文“Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? (其次，和你一起工作的人需要协商一个“如果……怎么办？”的协议，包括“如果我的想法被拒绝了怎么办？”人们会有什么反应？有申诉程序吗？他们能否完善创意并重新提交？)”讨论如何协商被拒之后做法的协议，此处需要一个总结句，强调提前规划这些情景的好处，因此F项“By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. (通过在事情发生之前预测“如果……会怎么样？”的情况，你可以达成谅解，这将有助于缓解你的冲突。)”符合语境，总结前文预测的意义，承接前文。故选F。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: 51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Modern Life Turns America into the Land of Sleepiness Most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David F. Dinges, a biological psychologist. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists found the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. But the invention of the light bulb changed everything. By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least needed item on their agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” said Dr. Cavey, the director of a medical center. Also to blame is the increased shift work, in which people either work at night, or alternate between a day and night schedule. Researchers say that the brain has difficulty adjusting to daytime sleep or varying sleep times, which means that shift workers usually suffer a net loss of sleep. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most experts agree that Americans are suffering from an epidemic of sleepiness, with average sleep time decreasing from 9.5 hours in the past to 7.5-8 hours now due to the light bulb and modern life pressures. Shift work, which worsens this, and sleep deficit, which harms performance, memory, decision-making, and concentration, are the main concerns. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代生活导致美国人普遍睡眠不足的现象，分析了其产生的原因（电灯发明、生活压力增大、倒班工作等），并说明了睡眠不足带来的负面影响（影响表现、记忆力、决策能力和注意力）。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Most experts agree there is an epidemic of sleepiness in America, with Americans getting less sleep than they should. ②Historical records show average sleep time has decreased from 9.5 hours to 7.5-8 hours due to the invention of the light bulb. ③Modern life pressures and shift work are major causes of sleep loss; people consider sleep unimportant, and shift workers struggle with sleep adjustments. ④Sleep deficit leads to poor performance, weakened short-term memory, reduced decision-making ability and concentration problems. 2.缜密构思 将要点①和②整合，概述睡眠不足的现象及历史变化；将要点③单独作为原因分析部分；将要点④作为影响总结部分。 3.遣词造句 Experts confirm an epidemic of sleepiness in America, with average sleep time dropping from 9.5 to 7.5-8 hours due to the light bulb and modern pressures. Shift work worsens this issue, and sleep deficit impairs performance, memory, decision-making and concentration. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Most experts agree that Americans are suffering from an epidemic of sleepiness, with average sleep time decreasing from 9.5 hours in the past to 7.5-8 hours now due to the light bulb and modern life pressures. （运用that引导的宾语从句和with复合结构） [高分句型2] Shift work, which worsens this, and sleep deficit, which harms performance, memory, decision-making, and concentration, are the main concerns.（两个which引导的非限制性定语从句补充修饰并列主语） V. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 与我们的期望相反，他交了一篇和汤姆一模一样的文章。(contrary)（汉译英） ____________________________________ 【答案】Contrary to our expectations, he turned in an article identical to Tom’s. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。“与……相反”为固定搭配be contrary to，此处是形容词短语作状语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“交”为固定搭配turn in，“一篇文章”为an article，“和……一模一样的”为固定搭配be identical to，“汤姆的”为Tom’s，此处应用形容词identical作后置定语，修饰article，故整句翻译为Contrary to our expectations, he turned in an article identical to Tom’s. 53. 数学家在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来，那一刻，他感到内心五味杂陈。(The moment)（汉译英） ____________________________________ 【答案】The moment the mathematician sat down by the window overlooking the lawn, he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词和时间状语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表过去发生的动作。表示“数学家”应用the mathematician，为可数名词单数作从句主语；表示“在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来”应用sat down by the window overlooking the lawn，“overlooking the lawn”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰window；表示“那一刻”应用the moment，引导时间状语从句；表示“他感到内心五味杂陈”应用he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart，其中“a jumble of emotions”表“五味杂陈的情绪”，“welling up in his heart(涌上心头)”为现在分词短语作宾补成分。故翻译为The moment the mathematician sat down by the window overlooking the lawn, he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart. 54. 尽管家人反对，她坚持要跟公司签约去推销产品，因为她觉得做隐形营销人员很酷。(Despite) (汉译英) ____________________________________ 【答案】Despite her family’s objections, she insisted on signing the contract with the company to promote their products, because she found being a stealth marketer incredibly cool. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词、名词（短语）、动词（短语）、副词、形容词、非谓语动词和状语从句。句子描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时；状语“尽管家人反对”可用介词despite和名词短语her family’s objections搭配，主语“她”用代词she，谓语“坚持要做某事”可用动词短语insist on doing，“跟公司签约”可用动词短语sign the contract with the company，“去推销产品”是目的，可用不定式短语to promote their products作目的状语；“因为她觉得做隐形营销人员很酷”是原因，可用从属连词because“因为”引导原因状语从句，从句中主语“她”用代词she，“觉得……怎么样”可用“find…+形容词”的搭配，“做隐形营销人员”可用动词be和名词短语a stealth marketer搭配，be需用动名词形式，作宾语，“很酷”可用副词incredibly和形容词cool搭配。故可译为：Despite her family’s objections, she insisted on signing the contract with the company to promote their products, because she found being a stealth marketer incredibly cool. 55. 在新品发布会上，总经理提议大家为所有员工做出的共同努力而举杯，同时期待新产品能够受到年轻人欢迎。(toast) (汉译英) ____________________________________ 【答案】At the new product launch event, the general manager proposed a toast to all employees for their collective efforts and expressed the hope that the new product would be well received by young people. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词（短语）、形容词和同位语从句。状语“在新品发布会上”可用介词短语at the new product launch event，主语“总经理”可用名词短语the general manager，“提议为……举杯”可用动词短语propose a toast to，“所有员工”可用名词短语all employees，作to的宾语，“（因）（他们）做出的共同努力”可用介词for和名词短语their collective efforts搭配，“期待”可用动词短语express the hope；“新产品能够受到年轻人欢迎”为“期待”的具体内容，可用that引导名词性从句，作the hope的同位语，从句主语“新产品”可用名词短语the new product，“受到……欢迎”可用动词短语be well received by，“年轻人”可用名词短语young people；主句描述的应该是过去发生的事，时态宜用一般过去时，从句描述的是当时未发生的情况，时态用过去将来时。故可译为：At the new product launch event, the general manager proposed a toast to all employees for their collective efforts and expressed the hope that the new product would be well received by young people. VI. Guided Writing (25分) Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 随着国内二手交易平台（resale platform）和社交媒体的普及，近年来出现了学生在各类网络平台上交易学习笔记的现象。请写一篇作文，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The Rise of Online Note-Trading Among Students In recent years, the popularity of domestic resale platforms and social media has given rise to a new trend: students trading study notes on various online platforms. While this phenomenon reflects the creative use of digital resources, it also raises ethical and practical concerns that demand careful consideration. Undoubtedly, note-trading can benefit both buyers and sellers. Diligent students earn extra income by sharing well-organized materials, while strugglers gain access to high-quality references. However, this practice may undermine academic integrity if students rely solely on purchased notes without engaging in independent learning. Some might even resell plagiarized or inaccurate content, misleading others. Schools should guide students to use such platforms responsibly. For instance, traded notes could serve as supplements rather than substitutes for personal effort. Unless proper regulations are implemented, the misuse of these platforms could ultimately harm students’ long-term development. In conclusion, though online note-trading is an inevitable outcome of the digital age, its sustainability depends on how we balance convenience with academic honesty. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生针对近年来学生在各类网络平台上交易学习笔记的现象，写文章发表个人的看法，应描述现象，论述看法，并提供支撑理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 趋势：trend→tendency 使用：use→utilization/employment 削弱：undermine→erode 依靠：rely on→depend on/count on 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Undoubtedly, note-trading can benefit both buyers and sellers. 拓展句：There is no doubt that note-trading can benefit both buyers and sellers. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While this phenomenon reflects the creative use of digital resources, it also raises ethical and practical concerns that demand careful consideration. (运用了While引导让步状语从句、that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] In conclusion, though online note-trading is an inevitable outcome of the digital age, its sustainability depends on how we balance convenience with academic honesty. (运用了though引导让步状语从句、how引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市控江中学2025学年第一学期高二年级期中英语试卷 2025.11 命题和校对：高二英语备课组 (满分：140分 考试时间：120分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. See a film with the man. B. Offer the man some help. C. Listen to some great music. D. Say thanks to the man. 2. A. At 1:00 pm. B. At 3:00 pm. C. At 4:00 pm. D. At 5:00 pm. 3. A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. D. On a train. 4. A. A guy stole his clothes. B. He found his clothes ugly. C. Someone said he was ugly. D. The clothes in the supermarket are ugly. 5. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 6. A. 147 pounds. B. 150 pounds. C. 153 pounds. D. 163 pounds. 7. A. To get a haircut. B. To attend a party. C. To do some shopping. D. To drive her home. 8. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired. 9. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech. C. It made the mayor's view clearer. D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately. 10. A. Germany. B. France. C. West Africa. D. Spain. Section B (15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. He was Ms. Beach's neighbor. B. He used to work at Ms. Beach's bookstore. C. He has followed Ms. Beach's way of doing business. D. He came from Britain. 12. A. She died. B. The Germans made her give it up. C. Her business went from bad to worse. D. She decided to start a new business. 13. A. In 1951. B. In 1962. C. 1964. D. In 1919. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A.0.1cm. B.1cm. C.0.01mm. D.0.1mm. 15. A. There was a hole in it. B. It got hurt by something hard. C. It went off Bill Beaver's eye. D. It sometimes didn't work well. 16. A. It was made by hand. B. It was made by a special robot. C. There was some blood during the operation. D. The doctors didn't take part during the operation. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It could be done with good grades. B. It couldn't be done. C. It was very difficult. D. It was boring. 18. A. He didn't like physical education. B. He had so little physical energy. C. He was unable to sit still in class. D. He can't use skateboard at school. 19. A. He had a different school. B. He let students plan P. E. classes on their own. C. He was kind to every student. D. He showed some techniques during classes. 20. A. It was robot-like with new tricks. B. He was more professional. C. He created it by himself. D. It is smoother than others'. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are Summering and Medaling Annoying? While many of us in the northern hemisphere may have been away somewhere nice recently, not many of us would say that we’ve ‘summered’. “Summer” is clearly a noun, or____1____ (precisely), a “verbified” noun. Way back in our childhood, we all learned the differences between a noun (person, place or thing) and a verb (action word). ____2____ such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you don’t feel uncomfortable at the sight of those ____3____ (verb) nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old the English language,” says Patricia O’ Conner, a former editor at the The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems ____4____ (snowball). Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. ____5____ conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice, William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately ____6____ (press) into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, ____7____ (advise) writers to use verbs in this way cautiously, if at all. So are there any rules fro verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people thin twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by ____8____ already existing popular verb. Make sure it is descriptive but not silly sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective. If I invite you to “Facebook me”, you’ll know exactly ____9____ I mean. I suppose I could ask you to contact me on Facebook or to connect with me on Facebook, but why bother? “Facebook me” is easy to say. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes ______10______ make English “English”. Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing together, forget it. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. application B. boast C. contrast D. earn E. empowers F. engage G. following H. response I. subject J. tracks K. varying What Is a Social Media Influencer? The term “influencer” may seem like a fairly new addition to our word bank, but first uses date back to the 1660s. Still, its ____11____ to social media — relatively new in its own right — is a more recent phenomenon. While the “very first” commercial influencer may be lost somewhere in the records of history, product packaging and magazine adverts of the past provide a breadcrumb trail (蛛丝马迹) that ____12____ the early evolution of influencer marketing. From the Marlboro Man, to Santa Claus, imaginary characters have offered tried and true ways to establish a personalized connection between products and consumers. Eventually, these influential spokespersons led to the modern social media influencer — someone who has built a sizable ____13____ across one or more social media channels. Along with differences in size and reach, the channels, content formats, and categories will also shape the influencer definition to ____14____ degrees. Throughout the evolution of social media, its variety of platforms have continually changed in ____15____ to user behavior and expectations. Whether it’s YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, or Twitch, these social media channels offer influencers different ways to create, publish, and consume content, as well as ____16____ an audience. Thus, the influencer definition is ____17____ to change with the ever-changing social media scene, and all variables must be taken into consideration when defining social media influencers. Today asking for the definition of an influencer — or even influencer marketing — could result in a large number of different answers. However, at their core, influencers are social media personalities with loyal audiences that they ____18____ by sharing content that inspires, entertains, informs, and connects them with their followers. This direct line of communication ____19____ influencers to generate social conversations, drive engagement, and ultimately, set trends among a receptive and socially wise audience. Social media influencers are generally categorized by two main tiers — micro- and macro- influencers. While micro-influencers have followings between 10,000 to 50,000, macro-influencers ____20____ audiences between 500,000 to 1 million. But these categories can be broken down even further to include the wide range of social media influencers. III. Reading comprehension Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex___21___ not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is ___22___ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us. “If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the ___23___ and we do not exist without it.” Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to ___24___ course. “The two greatest ___25___ of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently ___26___ more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values. That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the___27___ also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, ___28___ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems. The campaign also recognizes the importance of___29___ local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it ____30____ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies. ____31____, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would ____32____catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.” “Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants ____33____ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) ____34____,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are ____35____ protecting it.” 21. A. argument B. term C. structure D. problem 22. A. altering B. developing C. stabilizing D. worsening 23. A. ecosystem B. threat C. cycle D. procedure 24. A. affect B. change C. reverse D. continue 25. A. aspects B. causes C. consequences D. occasions 26. A. acquiring B. protecting C. exploiting D. possessing 27. A. management B. announcement C. campaign D. competition 28. A. consume B. destroy C. lose D. contain 29. A. denying B. enjoying C. ignoring D. respecting 30. A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. profitable 31. A. Besides B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise 32. A. witness B. detect C. confirm D. avoid 33. A. measure B. absorb C. survive D. prevent 34. A. mission B. decision C. option D. exploration 35 A. worried about B. confident in C. responsible for D. good at Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On our 20th anniversary, Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away. We didn’t know much about the town, but that was fine. Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen, California. Within minutes, friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips. You gotta hike to Jack London’s house. Oh, dinner at the Fig Café. Hours later, having followed their yellow brick road all day, we walked, delirious, back from dinner to our creekside inn. “I think I could live here,” Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. Jill and her husband, Art, have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild. They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’ selflessness. “I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,” Jill says. “The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing. The kindness thing, it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! 36. What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B. He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen, both positive and negative. C. He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D. He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 37. How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A. They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B. They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C. They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D. They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 38. Which of the following is the right understanding of ““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun.”? A Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’ inborn generosity. B. Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C. Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D. Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’ constant and generous assistance. 39. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B. To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C. To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D. To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. (B) Wonders of Australia 22 days from only £6.245 per person Day 1: Depart UK Days 2-5: Singapore Enjoy a city tour including Merlion Park, Marina Bay, and fabulous gardens. As an alternative, you may choose to stop in Dubai at no extra cost. Days 6-11: Melbourne Visit Victoria Markets and Federation Square. Perhaps take an optional excursion to explore Fairy Penguin Parade. Day 12-14: The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys. Covering 1,555 kilometres, we see the everchanging landscape as we journey north. Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Day 15-17: Uluru (Ayers Rock) We enjoy a refreshing glass of sparkling wine and witness the changing colours as the sun sets. There is a chance to explore the rock in the morning, before visiting the impressive Olgas. Days 18-21: Cairns & The Great Barrier Reef Dive in the sheltered coral lake and view the reef from underwater observatory. Lunch is included. Optional tours on our Freedom Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda, and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest. Day 22: Arrive UK We arrive at your chosen airport, bringing an end to our incredible adventure. Departure Dates Stopover Offer Price Per Person Availability 28 Jul 2024 - £5,895 7 Rooms 06 Oct 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 10 Nov 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 23 Feb 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 08 Mar 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 05 Apr 2025 £29pp £6,245 New Date 26 Jul 2025 £29pp £6,795 New Date Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only £29 per person (£48 for single occupancy). Stopover choices are Singapore, Bangkok, Dubai, or Bali and include return transfers and four-star accommodation with breakfast. For more details and full booking conditions, please request a brochure or visit www.distantjourneys.co.uk. Call FREE for a brochure 0800 141 3719. 40. If Karen is addicted to railway journeys, ________ are most likely to be her favourites. A. Cairns and the Ghan B. Uluru and Melbourne C. Melbourne and the Ghan D. Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef 41. If you have decided to join the tour, which of the following statements is true? A. You may be charged an extra £349 in total for daily breakfasts. B. You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest, a world heritage. C. You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost. D. You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan. 42. If Jonathan and his two male friends, who have booked the travel, will depart UK on April 5th, 2025, with a two-night stopover in Bangkok, then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total? A. £17,791 B. £18,822 C. £18,841 D. £19,572 (C) A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. “If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that,” said Dr Jacob Schroder, a transplant surgeon at the Duke University School of Medicine. “This really should be the standard of care.” Most transplanted hearts come from brain-dead donors who’ve died due to a complete loss of brain activity, rather than circulatory death (循环衰竭死亡), in which the heart stops. A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating, and this allows doctors to remove the heart while it’s still perfused with oxygen-rich blood, and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen. The heart is then washed with a preservation solution, placed in an ice-filled cooler and rushed to its recipient (接受者). In the recent trial results, doctors compared the survival rates of transplant recipients who got hearts from brain-dead donors with the survival rates of those who got hearts from donors who’d died of circulatory death. A total of 166 US-based heart transplant patients were included in the primary analysis, 86 in the brain death group and 80 in the circulatory-death group. Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. DCD is made possible by extracorporeal (体外的) machine perfusion, which involves hooking up the donor organ to a machine that pumps blood and nutrients through its tissues. The new trial tested a perfusion system called Organ Care System Heart, made by TransMedics, the trial’s funder. The system warms the blood that it pumps through the donor hearts, as compared with other perfusion systems, which still require the organ be cooled as part of the preservation process. Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months, compared with the traditional heart transplant group, the DCD group had slightly higher rates of moderate to severe primary graft dysfunction (原发性移植器官功能不良), in which one or both of the heart’s ventricles (心室) show dangerous dysfunction within 24 hours of the transplantation surgery. However, none of the DCD patients had primary graft failure that resulted in retransplantation, while two people in the traditional transplant group did. Overall, the rate of serious negative events was very low and similar in both groups, as assessed out to 30 days post-surgery. The new trial involved multiple medical centres and builds upon previous evidence in favour of DCD, which mostly drew from isolated cases and small trials performed at single centres in Australia and the United Kingdom. 43. Why is Dr Jacob Schroder in favour of the new approach to collecting hearts? A. ‘Reanimating’ organ donors’ hearts work much better. B. The new approach standardizes the traditional routine. C. The sources of donated hearts will be greatly enriched. D. Patients widely apply for the approval of the approach. 44. The underlined word “perfused” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. spread through B. portioned evenly C. perceived lacking D. draining off swiftly 45. How does a ‘reanimated’ heart compare with one from a brain-dead donor? A. A ‘reanimated’ heart doesn’t need to be cooled while the other does. B. The heart from brain-dead donors is more likely to suffer dysfunction. C. The DCD group has undergone retransplantation due to heart failure. D. Similar percentage of patients survive post-surgically at six months. 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. A Debate on the Conventional and Novel Approaches B. ‘Reanimated’ Hearts Can Be Successfully Transplanted C. DCD — a Medical Breakthrough with Perfect Effects D. Standard Heart Transplantation Proves Unparalleled Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. ____47____ Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” ____48____ The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. ____49____ If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? ____50____ A. This one should be easy, but it’s not. B. Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C. He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E. Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F. By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: 51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Modern Life Turns America into the Land of Sleepiness Most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David F. Dinges, a biological psychologist. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists found the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. But the invention of the light bulb changed everything. By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least needed item on their agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” said Dr. Cavey, the director of a medical center. Also to blame is the increased shift work, in which people either work at night, or alternate between a day and night schedule. Researchers say that the brain has difficulty adjusting to daytime sleep or varying sleep times, which means that shift workers usually suffer a net loss of sleep. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 与我们的期望相反，他交了一篇和汤姆一模一样的文章。(contrary)（汉译英） ____________________________________ 53. 数学家在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来，那一刻，他感到内心五味杂陈。(The moment)（汉译英） ____________________________________ 54. 尽管家人反对，她坚持要跟公司签约去推销产品，因为她觉得做隐形营销人员很酷。(Despite) (汉译英) ____________________________________ 55. 在新品发布会上，总经理提议大家为所有员工做出共同努力而举杯，同时期待新产品能够受到年轻人欢迎。(toast) (汉译英) ____________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25分) Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 随着国内二手交易平台（resale platform）和社交媒体的普及，近年来出现了学生在各类网络平台上交易学习笔记的现象。请写一篇作文，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $