Unit 4 Space Exploration 二-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 C版词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·必修三Unit4 Space Exploration二 单元词汇总览 atmosphere/'aetmasfi()/n.大…的风险 关卡 气层：大气：气氛 take risks(a risk)冒险 breakthrough /'breikOru:/n. atmospheric/etns'ferk/adj.survive/sa'vaIv/vi.&t.幸存；破：重大进展 大气的：大气层的：有氛围的 存活：继续存在：比…活得长achieve /'tfi:v/t.实现；达到： oxygen/DksId3an/n.氧气：氧 survival/sa'vaIv/n.生存：存活：完成 oxygen tank氧气罐 幸存事物 achievement /a'tfi:vmant/n. vacuum/vakjuam/n.真空：真survivor/sa'vava)/n.幸存者；就；成绩：达到 空状态：ad.真空的：利用真空生还者；残存物 accomplish/A'kmpl/t.完成： 的 challenge/'t∫elmd3/n.挑战；艰实现；达到 radiatio/,reidi'en/n.辐射：放巨任务：t.怀疑；向…挑战goal/gaul/n.目标；球门；射门 射物：辐射能 challenging/t∫elnd四/adj.具aim/em/n.目标；目的：瞄准； radioactive/reidiav'aektrv/adj.有挑战性的：困难的 vi.&t.瞄准；旨在：致力于 放射性的：有辐射的 overcome/,Uva'kn/t.(over-aim at瞄准：旨在：致力于 hazard'haezad/n.危险：危害；came,overcome)克服：战胜；解attempt/A'tempt//t.企图：试图： t.冒…的危险 决 尝试；n.尝试：努力 dangerous/'demnd3rs/adj.危险obstacle/'pbstakl/n.障碍；阻碍：make an attempt to do sth.试图 的：不安全的 障碍物 做某事 risk /risk/n.风险；危险：t.冒 barrier/'baria(r)/n.障碍：屏障： 词汇核心考点精讲 1.atmospheric/,etmas'ferik/adj.大气的：大气层的：有氛围的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：大气的（与大气层相关）、大气层的（地理环境）、有氛围的（场景描述） ·必记搭配与例句：●atmospheric pressure(大气压力)：Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, ●atmospheric pollution（大气污染)：We need to reduce atmospheric pollution. ●atmospheric conditions（大气状况)：The flight was delayed due to bad atmospheric conditions.. ·重点派生词：●atmosphere(名词)：the earth's atmosphere(地球大气层)；a friendly atmosphere (友好的氛围) 2.radioactive/,rerdiau'ektv/adj.放射性的；有辐射的 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 2个核心义：放射性的（物理性质）、有辐射的（危险属性） ·必记搭配与例句：。radioactive material(放射性物质)：Radioactive material must be handled carefully. ●radioactive waste(放射性废料)：Proper disposal of radioactive waste is important.. ●radioactive decay(放射性衰变)：Uranium undergoes radioactive decay.. ·重点派生词：●radiation(名词)：nuclear radiation(核辐射)：solar radiation(太阳辐射) 3.hazard/'haezad/n.危险；危害；t.冒…的危险 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.):及物动词(t) 2个核心义：危险：危害(n.):冒…的危险(t.) ·必记搭配与例句：●environmental hazard(环境危害)：Plastic waste is an environmental hazard.. ●hazard to health（健康危害)：Smoking is a hazard to health, ●hazard doing sth.(冒险做某事)：He hazarded climbing the steep cliff, ·重点辨析：hazard/dangerous/risk:hazard侧重潜在的危险；dangerous指可能造成伤害的：risk指 风险，可作动词“冒险” 4.survival/sa'vaIv/n.生存：存活：幸存事物 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：生存：存活（状态）、幸存事物（具体对象） ·必记搭配与例句：·survival skills(生存技能)：Learning survival skills is useful for camping. ●the survival of the fittest(适者生存)：Darwin's theory includes the survival of the fittest.. ●the survival rate(存活率)：The survival rate of the patients has increased. ·重点派生词：●survive(动词)：survive an accident(在事故中幸存)：survive the storm(经历风 暴存活) ●survivor(名词)：the survivors of the earthquake(地震幸存者) 5.challenging/tfaelmd3/adj.具有挑战性的：困难的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 2个核心义：具有挑战性的（任务难度）、困难的（程度描述） ·必记搭配与例句：·challenging task(具有挑战性的任务)：Climbing Everest is a challenging task. ●challenging work(困难的工作)：Her new job is challenging but rewarding. ·challenging problem(难题)：Solving this math problem is challenging. ·重点派生词：·challenge(名词/动词)：face a challenge(面对挑战)：challenge authority(挑战 权威) 6.overcome/,aUv3'km/t.(overcame,overcome)克服；战胜；解决 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 3个核心义：克服（困难）、战胜（敌人情绪）、解决（问题） ·必记搭配与例句：·overcome difficulties(克服困难)：We must overcome difficulties together,. ●overcome fear(战胜恐惧)：She overcame her fear of public speaking ●overcome obstacles(跨越障碍)：They overcame many obstacles to succeed. ·重点时态：过去式：overcame;过去分词：overcome;现在分词：overcoming 7.obstacle/'pbstak/n.障碍：阻碍：障碍物 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：障碍：阻碍（抽象概念、障碍物（具体物体） ·必记搭配与例句：●overcome obstacles(克服障碍)：He overcame obstacles to achieve his goal. ●face obstacles(面对阻碍)：We will face obstacles in our journey. ●physical obstacle(物理障碍)：The fallen tree is a physical obstacle on the road. ·重点辨析：obstacle/barrier:obstacle侧重前进中的阻碍：barrier侧重阻止进入的屏障 8.breakthrough/'breikOru:/n.突破；重大进展 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：突破（科技/研究）、重大进展（项目/事业） ·必记搭配与例句：●scientific breakthrough(科学突破)：The new drug is a scientific breakthrough, ●make a breakthrough(取得突破)：Scientists made a breakthrough in cancer research, ●major breakthrough(重大进展)：The project has achieved a major breakthrough ·重点搭配：breakthrough in sth.(在某方面的突破)：a breakthrough in technology(技术突破) 9.achievement /a'ti:mant/n.成就；成绩；达到 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：成就：成绩（具体成果）、达到（抽象概念） ·必记搭配与例句：●great achievement(伟大成就)：His invention is a great achievement ●academic achievement(学y业成绩)：Her academic achievement is excellent. ●sense of achievement(成就感)：Finishing the project gave me a sense of achievement ·重点派生词：·achieve(动词)：achieve success(获得成功)：achieve one's goal(实现目标) 10.accomplish'kmpl/t.完成；实现；达到 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.) 2个核心义：完成（任务）、实现：达到（目标） ·必记搭配与例句：●accomplish a task(完成任务)：We need to accomplish the task by Friday. ●accomplish one's dream(实现梦想)：She finally accomplished her dream of becoming a doctor. ●accomplish a goal(达到目标)：They accomplished their sales goal this quarter. 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 重点辨析：accomplish/achieve:accomplish侧重完成具体事情：achieve侧重达成抽象目标 1l.aim/em/n.目标；目的；瞄准；vi.&t.瞄准；旨在；致力于 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.):不及物动词/及物动词(vi.t.) 3个核心义：目标：目的(n.)、瞄准(n~.)、旨在：致力于(v.) ·必记搭配与例句：●aim at(瞄准；旨在；致力于)：He aimed at the target and fired, ●aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)：The program aims to help poor children. ●with the aim of(带着目的)：She started the company with the aim of innovation. ·重点派生词：●aimless(形容词)：an aimless life(漫无目的的生活) 12.attempt/A'tempt/vt.企图；试图；尝试：n.尝试；努力 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(vt.):名词(n.) 2个核心义：企图：试图；尝试(v)、尝试：努力(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：●make an attempt to do sth.（试图做某事)：They made an attempt to climb the mountain. ●attempt to do sth.(尝试做某事)：He attempted to solve the problem alone. ●successful attempt(成功的尝试)：Their first attempt was not successful, ·重点辨析：attempt/try:attempt较正式，侧重努力尝试但不一定成功：ry侧重尽力去做 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The flight was canceled due to bad conditions. ·A.atmosphere ·B.atmospheric ●C.air ●D.atmospherical 2.Proper disposal of waste is crucial for environmental protection. ●A.radio ●B.radiation 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 ·C.radioactive ●D.radioactivity 3.Plastic pollution is a serious environmental ●A.hazard ●B.dangerous ·C.risk 。D.ham 4.Learning basic skills is necessary for outdoor activities. ●A.survive ●B.surVivor 。C.survival 。D.surviving 5.Climbing the mountain in winter is a highly task. ●A.challenged 。B.challenging ·C.challenge ·D.challenger 6.She finally her fear of speaking in public after months of practice. ●A.overcame 。B.overcome 。C.overcoming ●D.overlooks 7.The team faced many but still completed the project on time. ●A.barriers 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 ·B.obstacles 。C.difficulties ●D.problems 8.Scientists have made a major in the treatment of heart disease. ·A.break ●B.breakthrough 。C.breakage 。D.breaking 9.Winning the Nobel Prize is considered the highest in science. ●A.achieve ●B.achievement 。C.accomplishing 。D.accomplishment 10.The program to improve students'reading ability within three months. ●A.aims ●B.attempts ·C.accomplishes 。D.achieves 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The (atmosphere的形容词形式)pressure at sea level is higher than on mountains. 2.Uranium is a (radioactive的名词形式)element that undergoes decay. 3.Only a few (survival的动词形式)the terrible accident. 4.She showed great courage in (overcome的现在分词形式)all difficulties.. 5.The (achieve的名词形式)of this research has surprised the whole world. 6.We need to (accomplish的动词原形)the task before the deadline. 高中·人教·必修三 寒假专版 7.His (aim的形容词形式)efforts finally led to success. 8.They made their first (attempt的名词形式)to climb the peak last year. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The h of smoking to health is well-known to everyone. 2.The survivalr of the patients has increased by 30%this year. 3.Overcoming o is an important part of personal growth 4.The project a to reduce carbon emissions by 50%in five years. 5.The team made a successful a to set a new world record. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1-B2-C3-A4-C5-B6-A7-B8-B9-B10-A ·二、根据提示补全句子 1-atmospheric 2-radioactive 3-survived 4-overcoming 5-achievement 6-accomplish 7-aimed 8- attempt ·三、首字母填空 1-hazard 2-rate 3-obstacles 4-aims 5-attempt