Unit 1 Science Fiction 一-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 寒假专版 C版词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·选修4Unit1 Science Fiction 单元词汇总览 fiction/'fkn/n.小说；虚构的事尊严 停；暂缓 science fiction(informal sci-fi)salary/'selri/n.薪水；薪金 ladder/lada(r)/n.梯子；阶梯 (abbr.SF)短语科幻小说（或影片absurd/ab's3:d/ad.荒谬的：荒dismiss/ds'mIs/vt..让（某人）离 等) 唐的 开；解散；解雇；消除 test out短语检验：测试 appointment/a'p3 ntmant/n.预declare/dr'kdea)/t.表明：宣 bonus/'ban3sn.意外收获：奖约：约会：委任 称：公布 金：红利 nail /nerl/n.指甲：趾甲；钉子whereas/wear'ez/conj.然而： more like短语更像是；更接近t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 但是：尽管 ridiculous /r'dikjalas/adj..愚蠢saleswoman/'seilzwuman/n.女rumour/'u:mar)/n.谣言；传闻 的：荒谬的：荒唐的 售货员：女推销员 presume /prI'zju:m;NAmE integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；guilty/'glti/ad.内疚的：有罪'zum/vt.&vi.假设：假定 完整；完好 的：有过失的 dignity/dignati/n.庄重；庄严；suspend/sa'spend/vt.悬：挂：暂 词汇核心考点精讲 1.fiction/'fkn/n.小说；虚构的事 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：小说（文学体裁）、虚构的事（非真实事物） ·必记搭配与例句：·science fiction(科幻小说)：He loves reading science fiction. ●works of fiction（虚构作品)：Her new book is a work of fiction ·重点派生词：●fictional(形容词)：fictional characters(虚构人物) ·fictionally(副词)：The story is fictionally based. 2.integrity/n'tegrati//n.诚实正直；完整；完好 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：诚实正直（品质）、完整：完好（事物状态） ·必记搭配与例句：·moral integrity(道德正直)：He is a man of moral integrity. ●territorial integrity(领土完整)：We must safeguard national territorial integrity.. 重点派生词：●integral(形容词)：an integral part(不可分割的部分) 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ●integrally(副词)：integrally connected(紧密相连) 3.dignity'dignati/n.庄重；庄严：尊严 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：庄重：庄严（举止态度）、尊严（人格权利） ·必记搭配与例句：·personal dignity(个人尊严)：Everyone has the right to personal dignity. ●stand with dignity(有尊严地站立)：She stood with dignity in front of the crowd. ·重点派生词：●dignified(形容词)：a dignified manner(庄重的举止) ·dignify(动词)：dignify sth.by doing(通过做某事使某事有尊严) 4.absurd/ab's3:d/adj.荒谬的：荒唐的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 1个核心义：荒谬的：荒唐的（不合逻辑或常理） ·必记搭配与例句：●absurd idea(荒谬的想法)：It's an absurd idea to climb the mountain in a storm. ●seem absurd(似乎荒谬)：His explanation seemed absurd to us. ·重点派生词：●absurdity(名词)：the absurdity of the situation(situation的荒谬) ·absurdly(副词)：absurdly expensive(贵得离谱) 5.suspend/s'spend/t.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t) 3个核心义：悬：挂（物体位置）、暂停：暂缓（活动、权利等） ·必记搭配与例句：●suspend from（从…悬挂)：A lamp was suspended from the ceiling ·suspend operation(暂停运营)：The company decided to suspend operation. ●suspend sb.from school(勒令某人休学)：He was suspended from school for fighting. ·重点派生词：·suspension(名词)：suspension of classes(停课) ·suspended(形容词)：suspended animation(假s死状态) 6.dismiss/ds'mIs/t.让（某人）离开；解散：解雇；消除 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t) 3个核心义：让（某人）离开：解散（人员）、解雇（员工）、消除（想法、疑虑等） ·必记搭配与例句：●dismiss sb.from(解雇某人)：He was dismissed from his job. ●dismiss the idea(打消念头)：She dismissed the idea of going abroad ●dismiss a class(下课)：The teacher dismissed the class early. ·重点派生词：●dismissal(名词)：unfair dismissal(不公平解雇) ·dismissive(形容词)：dismissive attitude(不屑一顾的态度) 7.declare/dr'klea()/vt.表明；宣称；公布 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t.) 3个核心义：表明：宣称（观点、态度）、公布（事实、结果）、申报（海关等） ·必记搭配与例句：·declare war on(向…宣战)：The country declared war on its neighbor. ●declare sth.tosb.(向某人宣布某事)：She declared her love to him. ●declare customs(报关)：You must declare these goods to the customs. ·重点派生词：·declaration(名词)：Declaration of Independence(独立宣言) ·declared(形容词)：a declared enemy(公开的敌人) 8.whereas/,wear'ez/conj.然而：但是；尽管 ·核心考点：词性：连词(conj.) 2个核心义：然而：但是（表对比）、尽管（引导让步状语从句） ·必记搭配与例句：●whereas(然而)：Some people like coffee,.whereas others prefer tea, ●Whereas(尽管)：Whereas he is young,he is very experienced. ·词语辨析：●whereas vs while:两者都可表对比，whereas更正式，while较口语化；while还可 表“当…时候” 9.presume /prI'zju;NAmE-'zu:m/vt.&vi.假设；假定 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t.&vi) 2个核心义：假设：假定（基于某种理由）、擅自（做某事，含贬义） ·必记搭配与例句：●presume that(假定)：I presume that you have heard the news. ●presume to do sth.（擅自做某事)：He presumed to speak for everyone. ·词语辨析：●presume vs assume:presume指有一定根据的假设，assume指无根据的假设 ·重点派生词：●presumption（名词)：the presumption of innocence(无罪推定) ●presumed(形容词)：presumed dead(被推定死亡) 10.ridiculous /r'dikjalas/adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 1个核心义：愚蠢的：荒谬的：荒唐的（令人发笑或不合理） ·必记搭配与例句：·ridiculous suggestion（荒谬的建议)：That's a ridiculous suggestion. ●look ridiculous(看起来可笑)：He looks ridiculous in that hat. ·重点派生词：·ridiculously(副词)：ridiculously easy(极其容易) ●ridicule(动词/名词)：ridicule sb.(嘭笑某人)/become an object of ridicule(成为嘲笑对象) 11.guilty/glti/adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 2个核心义：内疚的（心理感受）、有罪的：有过失的（法律或道德上） 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：·feel guilty(感到内疚)：She felt guilty about lying to her parents. ●be guilty of(犯有…罪)：He was guilty of theft. ·重点派生词：·guilt(名词)：sense of guilt(罪恶感) ●guiltily(副词)：smile guiltily(内疚地微笑) 12.bonus/bon3s/n.意外收获；奖金；红利 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：意外收获（额外好处）、奖金：红利（额外报酬） ·必记搭配与例句：●annual bonus(年终奖)：Employees will get their annual bonus next month. ·a bonus point(附加分)：She won a bonus point for her excellent answer. ·重点派生词：●bonusless(形容词)：bonusless workers(没有奖金的工人) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.Her new novel is a work of not based on real events. ·A.fiction ●B.integrity 。C.dignity ●D.bonus 2.The company values employees with strong moral ●A.absurd 。B.integrity ·C.guilty ●D.suspension 3.Everyone has the right to personal and respect. ·A.dignity ●B.declare 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·C.presume ·D.dismiss 4.It’s to think we can finish the project in one day. ●A.ridiculous ●B.fictional ·C.integral ·D.suspended 5.The school decided to classes due to the heavy snow. ●A.dismiss ·B.suspend 。C.declare ·D.presume 6.He was from his job for breaking the company rules. ●A.dismissed ·B.suspended 。C.declared ·D.dignified 7.The government La state of emergency after the earthquake. ●A.dismissed ●B.presumed ·C.declared ·D.suspended 8.Some people prefer tea, others like coffee more. ●A.whereas 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 ·B.absurd ·C.guilty 。D.bonus 9.We can that she will arrive on time,as she's always punctual. ●A.assume ●B.presume ●C.dismiss ·D.declare 10.She felt after lying to her best friend. ·A.guilty ●B.ridiculous 。C.absurd 。D.bonus 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The story is (fiction)based,so none of the characters are real. 2.A healthy environment is an (integrity)part of sustainable development. 3.The actor walked onto the stage with (dignity). 4.The (absurd)of his excuse made everyone laugh. 5.After the accident,he was in a state of (suspend)animation. 6.The manager's (dismiss)of the problem led to serious consequences. 7.The (declare)of war shocked the international community. 8.The (presume)of innocence is a basic legal principle. 3.三、首字母填空 1.Science f is his favorite genre of books 2.The company offers an annual b to excellent employees. 高中选修4人教 寒假专版 3.The teacher d the class 10 minutes early today. 4.It'sr to wear a summer dress in freezing weather 5.She was g_ of stealing the necklace and sentenced to prison 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.A5B6.A7.C8.A9B10.A ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.fictionally 2.integral 3.dignity 4.absurdity 5.suspended 6.dismissal 7.declaration 8.presumption ·三、首字母填空 1.fiction 2.bonus 3.dismissed 4.ridiculous 5.guilty