专题二 阅读七选五-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语二轮总复习学案

061 专题二阅读七选五 〈考情分新明方向 阅读七选五题型主要考查考生对语篇的整体内容和结构以及上下文行文逻辑的理解和掌握。该题型的命题 形式是一篇300词左右的短文，在短文中去除5处信息，并提供7个备选选项，要求考生从7个选项中选出5个 合适的选项对应地填回原文5处空缺处。 三年考情分析 设空位置 年份 卷别 体裁 话题 段首 段中 段尾 小标题 全国I卷 记叙文 普通但不平凡的咖啡馆员工 0 4 1 0 全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 家庭共同参与志愿服务的益处 1 2 1 1 2025 北京卷 议论文 成年人的定义及所具备的特质 0 3 2 0 浙江1月卷 说明文 沟通技巧 0 3 1 新课标I卷 说明文 生活与学习 4 0 0 2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 旅游 3 0 全国甲卷 说明文 饮食 1 × 0 0 新课标I卷 说明文 自我宽恕 0 4 0 新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 有关开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 0 2023 全国甲卷 说明文 有关变得耐心的方法 0 3 全国乙卷 说明文 室内植物 0 3 0 命题特点 体裁题材 语篇体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文。题材多是贴近考生生活、时代性 强的当代社会生活以及文化科技等方面的内容。 根据设空位置，主要有三种情况：段首、段中和段尾，以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。分布均匀， 设空特点 段一题（少于5段或某段较长，可一段两题），段首一般是主旨句或段落小标题，段中为过渡句或 细节句，段尾为结论句，首句一般不设空。 排列方式：由短到长依次排列 选项特征 正确选项：主旨句能准确概括段落大意，过渡句和细节句前后语意衔接 干扰选项：主旨句以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句和细节句上下句不连贯 该题型主要考查考生的两大能力：1.把握语篇整体结构和提炼语篇主旨大意的能力；2.把握微观 能力要求 信息之间关联性及逻辑性的能力。 掌握攻胳巧破题人 解题步骤 速读全文掌握大意→根据设空位置找出与前后文之间的词汇方面的联系→思考与前后文行文逻辑关系→分 析选项特征判断其归位。 第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小选项排查范围。 062 因为段首、段尾题要么是主题句或者总结句，要么就是承上启下句，语言特征较为鲜明，且题目相对简单，较 易判定。做题时，先将这类题目的选项确定，既可缩小排查范围，又可使原文信息更加明了。 第二步：利用句间语义逻辑关系，排查判定剩余选项。 随着段首、段尾题的判定复位，原文信息进一步明了。再次通读原文，理清剩余空格处与前后句间的关系，将 剩余选项判定归位。 第三步：代入选项通读全文，验证是否文意通畅。 将所选答案代入文中，通读全文，重点检查选项与前后文之间的逻辑关系，看是否符合原文整体行文逻辑。 实战导点迷津 (2025·全国I卷·七选五) An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning?The College Cafe has just that,and more.36 Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,"Hello,how is your day?"Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.38 "I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,"Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious()and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright,a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.39 "Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,"Wright said. "I enjoy working in the cafe,"Murphy said.40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. 【解题导引】 第一步：速读全文，了解大意，掌握结构： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带 来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 第二步：根据题目设空位置，结合上下文语境，理清逻辑关系：段中题一般既要关注上文又要兼顾下文的逻辑 关系。段尾题多关注总结概括。 36.段尾题。根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning？The College Cafe has just that,and more.”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.”通过“Not only..also..”结构，既承接“drinks”,又叼引出下文核 心—一墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选 37.段中题。根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks..”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,'Hello,how is your day?'Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations..”可知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D项“After 063 finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.”中的“finishing an order'"衔接“make the drinks'”“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作一叫号一交付”的完整流程。故选 38.段中题。根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on ime.”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.”可知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。 C项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.”中的“arrives early'”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性， “serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”,展现其敬业精神。故选 39.段中题。根据上文“Joanna Wright,a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.”及下文“‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,' Wright said.”可知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class..”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood'”与墨菲的微笑服 务形成因果关系。故选■ 40.段中题。根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves..”可知，设空处需 体现她对工作的长期投入。G项“She has served here for I7 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.”中的 “I7 years'”凸显服务年限之长，“can't imagine working anywhere else'”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直 接呼应。故选 第1讲 根据设题位置解题 高频夸点 研析透 考点「段首题类 ●辨明题类 段首题类主要考查两种情况：1.考查段落主旨句。2.考查与上下文的逻辑关系，为过渡句或承上启下句。此 种类型主要考查考生对语篇或段落大意的整体概括能力。 ●技法点拨 1.主旨句 在文章某段落的段首设空的题目常为该段落的主题句或主旨概括句，通常以主题句的形式出现。选取时注 意主题句的特点：简短精悍，以祈使句为主。 解题时首先要认真阅读并把握该段落的主要内容，尤其是设空处后面几句的内容，以确定关键信息，然后从 各选项中查找与文中关键信息相关的词句，以确定答案。一般来说，答案选项与设空处后面的一句在内容上是连 贯的，意义上是紧密衔接符合逻辑的。 ●真题体验 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) .39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You'll compete with fewer tourists,save money,experience a different side of a popular place,and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So,should we stop traveling? C.Travel for you and no one else. 【解题示范】段首题。根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush our.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验。)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适 的时间，选项“Visit during off-peak times.（在非高峰时间参观。)”可作为主旨句，概括本段内容。故选_专题二 阅读七选五 实战导引·点迷津 EDCFG 第1讲 根据设题位置解题 高频考点·研析透 考点1：AE 考点2：GF 考点3：CGA 考点4：B 模拟精练·提考能 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“跑塔”这 样运动的益处和注意事项。 l.C段中题。根据上文“Tower running is a sport where athletes compete by climbing skyscraper stairs.”以及下文“Why would someone choose to race up a building with no view,no crowd, and few refreshment stations'?”可知，选项承接上下文说明“跑 塔”受到了人们的欢迎。C项“它最近越来越受欢迎。”切题。 2.B段首题。根据下文“However,tower running is not for the faint-hearted.Anyone who has climbed up a long flight of stairs knows climbing stairs can be painful.And the pain increases greatly during running.Tower runners must be able to deal with the stresses on their feet and legs while running.The risk of falling is real,which can lead to severe injuries.”可知，本段主要说明 爬楼梯是一项要求苛刻的运动。B项“爬楼梯是一项要求苛 刻的运动。”为本段的主旨句。 3.G段中题。根据上文“So you'd better avoid starting your training by hitting the stairs hard,especially if you are a beginner.Start slowly and increase gradually.”可知，选项承接上 文继续说明锻炼的方法。G项“跑步者可以把爬楼梯纳入他 们的日常训练。”切题。their training routine呼应Start slowly and increase gradually 4.A段中题。根据下文“It can get hot and stuf6y,so choose breathable,lightweight clothing that won't block your climb. 知，选项承接下文说明爬楼梯时可能会变得又热又闷的原因。 A项“摩天大楼里没有风。”切题。 5.F段尾题。根据上文“It's a discipline that requires careful training and the right mindset to start this special exercise." 知，选项承接上文呼吁人们参与到这项运动中来。F项“让我 们勇敢地克服城市景观的高度吧。”切题。 B 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章为首次进行海报展示 的人员提供了四个关键策略，以最大化展示效果。 l.D段中题。根据上文“I leamed that the work that goes into preparing a poster is just as valuable as the presentation itself." 知，此处需要说明准备海报的意义。下文提到“Yet,there are times when poster sessions don't go as hoped.”有时海报并不像 希望的那样进行，形成转折关系。选项D“It helps to sharpen communication skills and build connections.”承接上文，解释准 备海报的深层意义，同时引出后文对策略的讨论，因此符合 语境。 2.F段中题。本段主题为“Allow enough time for preparation.”,上文“As a postdoctoral fellow,I reuse existing posters to save time.”提到博士后研究者可以重复使用现有的 海报来节省时间，下文“Reserve a week for checks and reprints to avoid last-minute issues..”则建议预留一周时间进行检查与 重印。选项F“For first---time presenters,you are advised to allow extra weeks for revisions.”与前文形成对比，强调首次展示者需 要更长时间准备，因此符合语境。 3.A小标题。空处需概括段落核心，下文提到“nstead of filling posters with data,short storytelling is always prioritized.”比起在 海报上填满数据，优先考虑简短的故事叙述，并通过作者个人 经历说明应聚焦关键发现。选项A“Focus on key findings for clarity..”精准概括本段内容，强调突出重点的重要性，因此可 作为本段小标题。 4.C段尾题。本段讨论视觉设计与工具优化，上文“Ilso spend a lot of time on typography ()The right typesetting can turn a dense-looking wall of text into something much easier to read.”提到排版和可读性，选项C“Above all,accessibility remains a priority.”总结本段核心，强调设计的易读性和受众 友好性，符合上下文逻辑。 5.E段中题。本段主题为“提升展示环节的互动技巧”，下文 Prepare flexible summaries.Have 1-,3-,and 5-minute versions'ready for diverse audiences.For virtual sessions, platform-specific strategies apply.Post a preview with key figures and session times.Print handouts with your email-it keeps conversations flowing post-session.The most important thing for a successful poster presentation is being truly enthusiastic about what you present,.and being approachable.”建议准备灵活的内 容概要并保持热情。选项E“You can start by asking audiences ‘Would you like a walk-through?'”提供具体互动策略，与下文 “This invites interaction'”形成直接呼应，因此符合语境。 C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了好奇 心在人际交往中的作用，包括赢得好感、增强共情能力和建立心 理韧性等方面。 l.A小标题。下文“When someone asks you a thoughtful question about your life or takes the time to understand your perspective, which signals interest,you can feel valued and understood.”说明 该段主要介绍如何通过特定的行为和策略来赢得他人的好 感，空处作为段落小标题应概括该段主旨，A项“赢得潜在的 喜爱”概括了下文讲述的好奇心在与他人交流中能带来积极 影响，符合语境。 2.E段中题。上文“When someone asks you a thoughtful question about your life or takes the time to understand your perspective, which signals interest,.you can feel valued and understood.”说明 他人表现出兴趣时我们的感受，下文“They show that you care about what the other person has to say.”说明某种行为能表明你 关心对方说什么，空处承上启下，说明某种行为能让人感到被 重视和理解，且这种行为能表明你关心对方说什么。E项“特 9