专题一 类型一 第2讲 推理判断题-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语二轮总复习学案

l2.C细节理解题。根据第四段中“While the film maintains its Chinese cultural roots,it explores universal themes that resonate (with global audiences.The struggle between individual desires and societal expectations is particularly relevant to teenagers,making it an excellent choice for high school students to analyze and discuss.”可知，这部电影探索的普遍主题是个 人欲望与社会期望之间的斗争。 I3.A观点态度题。根据最后一段“While the plot may feel familiar at times,the film's amazing visuals,emotional depth, and powerful themes make it a worthwhile watch.Nezha 2 not only entertains but also encourages viewers to question societal principles and embrace their unique identities-a valuable lesson for students and adults alike.”可推知，作者对这部电影持赞赏 的态度。 第2讲 推理判断题 高频考点·研析透 考点I:imply in the last paragraph最后一段C 考点2：What does the author think of C 考点3：What does the author mainly do D 考点4：Where is taken from C 模拟精练·提考能 以 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出建筑供暖和 照明消耗了全球大量能源，而人工智能可以通过优化空调通风 系统，将能耗和碳排放降低8%至19%，并提高建筑的整体能源 效率。 1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“A2024 study suggests that Al could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings by at least 8%,and initial efforts to integrate Al into HVAC systems have been promising.”可知，这项研究表明Al可 以降低能耗。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段中“Al can help minimize a building's carbon footprint throughout its lifecycle,from design to maintenance,by predicting equipment failures and reducing downtime(停工期).”可知，AI可以提前告知设备故障，从而 提高建筑效率。 3.A观点态度题。根据最后一段中Arash Zarmehr所说的话 "Al can help us move toward the actual decarbonization of buildin.”可知，Arash Zarmehr认为AI可以帮助实现建筑物 的脱碳，这表明他对AI的使用持支持的态度。 4.D标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Many buildings have outdated HVAC systems(空调通风系统)that respond slowly to weather changes,leading to energy waste.However,AI is seen as a potential solution.While Al itself can be energy- intensive-Microsoft has acknowledged that its Al development threatens climate goals-experts believe Al can improve energy efficiency in large buildings.”可知，文章主要讨论了AL在建筑 能效管理中的应用，特别是如何通过优化空调通风系统来减 少能耗和碳排放。因此，D项“AL在新领域的应用”最契合文 章主旨，适合作为文章标题。 2] B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四个适合 冬季避寒的旅游目的地，分别介绍了墨西哥、南非、葡萄牙和智 利的冬季特色与景点。 5.B细节理解题。根据South Africa部分的“South Africa is another great winter escape,especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from home.The Western Cape,in particular, is known for its beautiful beaches and mild temperatures.”可知， 西开普省的优势在于美丽的海滩和温和的气候。 6.C细节理解题。根据Mexico部分的“Mexico is a great destination for winter sun..”、South Africa部分的“South Africa is another great winter escape,especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from home.The Westem Cape,in particular,is known for its beautiful beaches and mild temperatures.”,Portugal部分“This country has so much to offer travelers in the colder months,from beautiful mountain ranges to sunny days on the beach.”以及Chile部分的“December to March is summer in the Southern Hemisphere(半球)，and Chile is bathing in sunshine!”可知，四个目的地都是本文推荐的冬季 旅行的目的地，且气候温暖。 7.C语篇出处题。根据第一段“If you dislike cold weather, don't worry.Here are some recommended destinations..”以及 Mexico部分的“Mexico is a great destination for winter sun.”、 South Africa部分的“South Africa is another great winter escape,especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from home.The Western Cape,in particular,is known for its beautiful beaches and mild temperatures.”等可知，文章围绕冬 季旅游目的地推荐展开，包含景点特色、气候等信息，主要介 绍了四个适合冬季前往的旅游目的地及其特色，所以很可能 出自旅游杂志。 C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对 医生夫妇在飓风洪水中，因医院无法到达而准备在家分娩，最终 在邻居和消防员的帮助下成功获救并诞下女儿的感人故事。 8.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the roac山s underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible..”可知，由于道 路被水淹没，医院无法到达，所以史密斯一家最初准备在家 分娩。 9.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Finally,a call to the director of Annie's fellowship program led to action.The director's father,who lived near a fire station,walked there to explain the situation.”可知，这位主任的父亲住在消防站附近，他步行到 那里解释了情况。由此可知，这位主任的父亲在联系救援卡 车的过程中起到了关键作用。 I0.A词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Around noon,a rescue truck arrived.By then,the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn't get close..”可知，画线单词后的 同位语从句对level进行解释，洪水到了车辆无法靠近的程 度，由此可知，洪水水位高得吓人，阻碍了车辆靠近。 ll.C写作意图题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“The couple,exhausted but relieved,appreciated the neighbors and 0 firemen who had come to their aid.'It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us,’Annie said.”可知，这对夫妇非常感激前来帮助他 们的邻居和消防员。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是赞 美社区内的互助与爱心。 D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。探讨了Zadie Smith在 其文章《快乐》中对快乐的独特见解，并分析了文学、文化身份、 社区联系对快乐的影响。 l2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中“She finds joy in small pleasures of life,such as interactions with a child or observing daily routines.”可知，Smith认为人们可以从日常生活的普通 瞬间中找到快乐。 l3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“She claims that by immersing ourselves in the stories and experiences of others,we can broaden our horizons and find joy in the shared human experience.”可知，在追求快乐中，文学能够帮助人们理解 他人。 14.B细节理解题。根据第四段中“She highlights how joy is often rooted in cultural legacy and individual experiences, emphasizing the value of embracing diverse identities.”以及倒 数第二段中“She argues that joy is often connected with our relationships and the sense of belonging we get from them." 知，Sith认为是文化背景和社交关系影响人们对快乐的 看法。 15.A语篇类别题。根据第一段“In today's fast-paced world,joy can often feel hard to find.However,Zadie Smith offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of joy and its significance in our lives,in her essay Joy.Through a blend of personal anecdotes,literary references,and thought-provoking insights, Smith explores the complexities of joy and its relationship to happiness.”以及文章围绕Smith的文章展开分析与评论，属 于评论性文章。 第3讲 主旨大意题 高频考点·研析透 考点1：一二 三四B 考点2：一三最后一A 考点3：paragraph5五五C 模拟精练·提考能 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲 各港口将迎来一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”一巨型老鼠。 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Relying on their remarkable sense of smell,they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.”可知，巨型老鼠凭借其敏锐的嗅 觉成为边境巡逻的好选择。 2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“Isabelle Szott,a behavioral ecologist,previously cooperated with the organization APOPO in Tanzania,which has successfully trained these rats for various tasks before,like detecting dangerous weapons and some 21 infectious diseases.”可知，这些老鼠以前进行过危险武器和传 染病的探测。 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Szott's team carefully selected and trained 11 rats.In a specially-made training box in the laboratory,researchers placed different smell samples to teach the rats to identify the smells of poached animals.Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled,it received delicious food as a reward.”可知，只要识别出正确的味道，就 会得到食物的奖励。 4.D标题归纳题。根据第一段“Recently,African ports are expected to welcome a unique border-patrol(巡逻)‘team' Giant African Pouched Rats wearing small red vests.Relying on their remarkable sense of smell,they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.”可知，本文主要讲 述了非洲运用了巨型老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。D项 “打击野生动物走私的新力量”符合主题。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。社区青年主任邀5岁帕 特里克感恩节独唱，他起初害怕，最终自信演出，父亲感动见证。 5.A细节理解题。根据第一段“I was wondering if Patrick would sing The Power of Love during the service on Thanks-giving Day,'the community youth director asked in a message left on our answering machine.”可知，社区青年主任在留言中是想邀 请帕特里克去表演。 6.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“Patrick himself seemed less convinced.You know,Mom,'he said,'sometimes when I have to do something important,.I get kind of scared.'”可知，帕特里 克最初对这个消息的反应是不太自信。 7.D推理判断题。根据前文可知，帕特里克一开始害怕在众人 面前唱歌，但最后在感恩节仪式上自信地完成了独唱，表现非 常出色。父亲最后说“I have to cry,for nothing else but your singing.”并结合帕特里克克服恐惧完成演唱的过程，父亲的 意思是真正的美在于克服自己的恐惧。 8.D文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者的儿子 帕特里克接到在感恩节仪式上独唱的邀请，从一开始的害怕 到最后自信地完成演唱，作者见证了这一过程以及自己的感 受，所以文章主要是关于一位父亲见证儿子表演的经历。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Janetti Francischi如何通过将废油转化为肥皂来帮助社区减少污染，并 将其推广给更多的人。 9.A词句猜测题。根据画线词后面“Francischi has not only made residents in her neighbourhood use the valuable products but also contributed to the environment by repurposing a common waste item”可知，Francischi让社区居民使用这些有价值的产 品，由此猜测她在社区分发自己做出来的产品。 10.D细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seeing the mess of used oil in the kitchen and heavy waste from community oil pollution, Francischi felt an urge to help her community to change the situation..”可知，rancischi看到厨房用过的油造成的混乱以 及社区油污染产生的大量垃圾，想要帮助社区改变这种状 况，所以是对污染的担忧促使她在家制作肥皂。015 第2讲 推理判断题 〈高频考点 研析透 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的推敲，作出一定的判断和 推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生分析上下文逻辑关系的能力以及逻辑推理能 力。题目所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在理解原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻 辑推理，从而揭示其深层含义。纵观近几年高考真题，细节推断、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断读者对 象、语篇出处、后续内容、文章体裁、写作手法和文章结构等为低频考点。 考点」细节推断题 ●辨明题类 细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一 般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer((推断)， indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论，推断出)和assume(假定，设想)。 该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现： (1)It can be inferred/concluded from the text that (2)What can we infer/learn from...? (3)We can leam from the passage that (4)The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that ●技法点拨 第一步：定位关键细节一一根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据； 第二步：正确理解推断一对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行 符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【特别提醒】(1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。 (2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。 ●真题体验 (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper?And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?The answers to both questions are often "no".The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset()and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands,along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis ()"According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies-say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have 016。 demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print. However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn't assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words. 31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【解题示范】第一步：确定题干中的关键信息： 第二步：确定推理依据的位置或范围是之后，再进行推理判断：“Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn't assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然 而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们 包含相同的单词。)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化 学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示 纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选 考点2观点态度题 ●辨明题类 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般 分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观、悲观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在 文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此 类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 设问形式常有： (1)What's the writer's attitude towards...? (2)What is the author's opinion on...? (3)What does the author think/feel about...? ●技法点拨 1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意 文中作者或人物的措辞。 (1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切忌用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 (2)留意那些描写所处氛围及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 (3)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。 2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有 关作者情感、态度的词语： (1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热 情的等。 (2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。 (3)表示中立或客观的词语 objective客观的；neutral中立的；indifferent漠然的等。 017 ●真题体验 (2025·浙江1月卷·阅读理解B) When I was a child I was often told what not to eat."You don't want to get fat"was on constant repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with food-something that took me years to overcome.Because of this, I'm careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade()her from a second dessert.But one day when I heard her saying"I think I'm too fat", my heart sank.It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey,a professor of psychology,food is one of the rare subjects where,as parents,saying less is more."There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I'm not convinced that food is one of them,"she says."It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily healthy. Instead,she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the "Division of Responsibility",where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times,and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume-even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions."When your child says,'My stomach hurts',you can say,Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,'"says Markey."Let them feel like they have some control over it." I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive,they do make better decisions. "Feeding is a long game,"says Markey."The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it, they're seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks." 27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory. 【解题示范】第一步：根据题干确定题型：由题干中的 可知本题考查作者的观 点态度。 第二步：确定答案，定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据最后一段中“I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive,they do make better decisions..”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者 会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选 _0 考点3写作意图题 ●辨明题类 通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所 以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问形式常有： 1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图 (1)The writer writes this passage in order to (2)The purpose of the text is to (3)What is the main purpose of the passage? (4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that 2.某处细节的写作目的/意图 (1)The writer uses...in the first paragraph to (2)The writer uses the example of...to (3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ●技法点拨 通常可依据文体特点来推断作者的写作意图： 1.记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。 2.应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。 3.说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。 4.议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 018 ●真题体验 (2025·北京卷·阅读理解D) The call to"know yourself"has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years,psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values,beliefs,goals and social roles. Then,in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years,when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes,and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and,to a varying extent,the story's author.People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,and they feel their life has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events."People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,says Johnson.His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions.The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green,another researcher,sounds a few notes of caution().For instance,hearing about the power of redemptive(stories,many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.She says that Westem culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf,though,one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new "chapter".Contrary to popular doubt,resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason.So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit,there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny(). 33.What does the author mainly do in this passage? A.Clarify a goal. B.Analyse an event. C.Make a comparison. D.Illustrate an approach. 【解题示范】第一步：确定题干中的关键信息： ,由题千中的信息可 知，该题考查的是作者的写作意图。 第二步：根据题型特，点和文章内容，确定应考虑的主要段落：通读全文，尤其是第一段“The call to‘know yourself'has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.."和第二段中“Then,in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives..”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes..”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认 同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述 一种方法。故选 考点4语篇出处类别题 ●辨明题类 语篇出处/类别题要求考生具备一定的常识，要从文章内容、语言特色和标志信息着手，能够根据文章的体裁 和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。一般说来，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章 因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章，如家电、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式；药品的服用说明 会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。设问形式常有： (1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in (2)The passage is probably taken from/out of (3)Where is the text probably from? (4)Where is the text most probably taken from? -019 (5)Where can the text be found? (6)What is the text? (7What is the text most probably? ●技法点拨 1.利用内容判断文章出处 (I)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：newspaper。 (2)推销介绍新产品：advertisement。 (3)文章中有click here,download,upload,link,mouse,surf等网络用语：website. (4)旅游胜地方面的介绍：travel guide。 (5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/journal/entertainment section。. (6)科普知识：science report。. (7)文化教育类文章：education section 2.利用内容判断文章类别 (I)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide。 (2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement。 (3)活动介绍：notice/,announcement。 (4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news。 (5)科普知识/研究介绍：science report/study report ●真题体验 (2022·新课标I卷·阅读理解A) Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1 =10%;Essay 2= 15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online leaming and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%) Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.A course plan. D.An academic article. 【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，把握关键词 第二步：快速浏览全文，确定体裁为说明文。根据标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature(文 学概论课程评分政策)”和“Essays(60%)(论文(60%))”部分的“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概 论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选 020 考点5读者对象题 ●辨明题类 读者对象题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者针对的读者对象是什么人。 设问形式常有： (1)The passage is probably intended for (2)Who is the passage intended for? (3)Who is the text mainly intended for? (4)Who are the main intended readers of the text? ●技法点拨 先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节内容判断读者对象。 模批精练提考能 A (2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模) Heating and lighting buildings consume a significant portion of global energy-about 18%,according to the Intemational Energy Agency.Many buildings have outdated HVAC systems(空调通风系统)that respond slowly to weather changes,leading to energy waste.However,AI is seen as a potential solution.While AI itself can be energy- intensive-Microsoft has acknowledged that its Al development threatens climate goals-experts believe Al can improve energy efficiency in large buildings.A 2024 study suggests that AI could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings by at least 8%,and initial efforts to integrate AI into HVAC systems have been promising. Sam Ramadori,CEO of BrainBox AI,explains that large buildings often have thousands of HVAC components that need to work together efficiently.His company's technology uses predictive AI to send instructions every five minutes to various parts of the system,optimizing energy use and comfort.For example,the AI system at 45 Broadway begins warming the building in prediction of a cold front,and it adjusts heat distribution based on sunlight exposure. Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have also explored Al's potential in building efficiency. Their study suggests that integrating AI with HVAC systems could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions by 8%to 19%,or even more with active policy measures.AI can help minimize a building's carbon footprint throughout its lifecycle,from design to maintenance,by predicting equipment failures and reducing downtime(). Other initiatives have shown similar benefits.In Stockholm,AI tools were applied in 87 HVAC systems in educational facilities,resulting in an annual reduction of 64 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (and an 8% decrease in electricity usage.The University of Maryland's Center for Environmental Energy Engineering also supports the idea that Al can significantly reduce power consumption in complex HVAC systems,especially those with both indoor and outdoor units. As the globe warms,efficient cooling systems will be increasingly important.Arash Zarmehr,a building performance consultant at the engineering firm WSP,says that"AI engineers are aware that human controls on HVAC systems reduce efficiencies,he says."AI can help us move toward the actual decarbonization of buildings." 1.What does the 2024 study show? A.AI contributes to climate change. B.AI consumes much global energy. C.AI decreases energy consumption. D.Al is widely used in HVAC systems. 2.How can AI help building efficiency? A.By shortening a building's lifecycle B.By minimizing HVAC's components. C.By regulating heat distribution randomly. D.By telling equipment failures in advance. 3.What is Arash Zarmehr's attitude towards the use of AI? A.Favorable. B.Neutral C.Skeptical. D.Pessimistic. 4.What can be the best title of the text? A.The Challenges of Al's Rise B.The Energy Use in Buildings C.The Impact of HVAC Systems D.AI's Application in a New Field 021 (2025·广东省茂名市高三一模】 If you dislike cold weather,don't worry.Here are some recommended destinations. Mexico Mexico is a great destination for winter sun.The Yucatan Peninsula is known for its beautiful beaches,ancient Mayan ruins,thrilling activities,amazing cuisine,and biodiversity that you have to see with your own eyes South Africa South Africa is another great winter escape,especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from home. The Western Cape,in particular,is known for its beautiful beaches and mild temperatures. Portugal This country has so much to offer travelers in the colder months,from beautiful mountain ranges to sunny days on the beach.Enjoy a walk through one of many picturesque villages like Lisbon,Cintra,or Porto,or explore one of the many national parks for some outdoor adventures.With its long stretches of coast and rough land,Portugal is an ideal destination for those seeking outdoor activities such as hiking and mountain biking. Chile Forget the traditional snowy scenes;Chile offers a winter that's as diverse as its landscapes.While everyone else you know is wrapped up in thick clothes,you could be enjoying a sweet Chilean summer.December to March is summer in the Southern Hemisphere(半球)，and Chile is bathing in sunshine！ 5.What makes the Western Cape a good winter escape? A.Its long flight distance. B.Its beaches and temperatures. C.Its cuisine and biodiversity D.Its mountain ranges and sunny days. 6.What do the four destinations have in common? A.They all have extremely hot weather in winter. B.They are all well-known for their ancient ruins. C.They all offer relatively warm climate in winter. D.They are all located in the Southern Hemisphere. 7.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A history book. B.A business report. C.A travel magazine.D.A research paper. C (2025·江西省南昌市高三二模) Annie Smith,32,went into labor as floodwaters from Hurricane Harvey surrounded her apartment.With the roads underwater,the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible.Annie and her husband,Greg,both doctors,began preparing for a home birth. Greg rushed to gather supplies-scissors,sewing needles-while his mother boiled water to sterilize (them. "I'm really starting to get scared now,Annie told Greg as the reality set in.A neighbor,checking on the Smiths,sent an email to their apartment complex's message board asking for help.Within 30 minutes,at least 15 people showed up, including medical trainees from the complex. Meanwhile,the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an answer.Finally,a call to the director of Annie's fellowship program led to action.The director's father,who lived near a fire station,walked there to explain the situation Around noon,a rescue truck arrived.By then,the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn't get close.The Smiths'neighbors and firefighters formed a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck."I held onto them one person at a time,"she said,moving on her hands and knees along their arms until she reached the ladder safely.She sat on a blanket in the truck,a shower curtain over her head,as they drove through the flood. The Smiths arrived at Texas Children's Hospital about 15 minutes later.An hour later,their daughter Adrielle was born,weighing 7 pounds,6 ounces.The couple,exhausted but relieved,appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid."It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us," Annie said. 022 8.Why did the Smiths at first prepare for a home birth? A.The hospital was inaccessible. B.Drivers were hard to reach. C.They were suggested by doctors. D.The emergency services were off duty. 9.Who played a crucial role in calling the rescue truck? A.A neighbour. B.Greg's mother. C.A medical trainee. D.The director's father. 10.What does the underlined word "formidable"in paragraph 4 mean? A.Scary. B.Awesome. C.Average. D.Normal. 11.What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To record an unforgettable disaster. B.To remember the respected firemen. C.To praise the love within the community D.To raise funds for Annie's fellowship program. D (2025·四川省巴中市高三一模) In today's fast-paced world,joy can often feel hard to find.However,Zadie Smith offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of joy and its significance in our lives,in her essay Joy.Through a blend of personal anecdotes,literary references,and thought-provoking insights,Smith explores the complexities of joy and its relationship to happiness. Smith explores the definition and perception of joy,distinguishing it from happiness,which originates from internal contentment rather than external circumstances.She finds joy in small pleasures of life,such as interactions with a child or observing daily routines.While society often views joy as short-lived or shallow,prioritizing grand achievements and material pursuits,Smith challenges this notion,arguing that joy in simple things significantly enhances our well-being. One of the key aspects of Smith's essay is her exploration of the role of literature in capturing and conveying joy.She claims that by immersing ourselves in the stories and experiences of others,we can broaden our horizons and find joy in the shared human experience.This insight emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the arts in fostering a sense of joy and connection in society. Smith also digs into how identity shapes our understanding of joy,reflecting on her multicultural background and its influence on her views.She highlights how joy is often rooted in cultural legacy and individual experiences,emphasizing the value of embracing diverse identities. Furthermore,Smith examines the role of community and social connections in fostering joy.She argues that joy is often connected with our relationships and the sense of belonging we get from them.Sharing laughter or celebrating together with others can make our joy stronger and build a sense of community. Zadie Smith's essay Joy offers an exploration of joy and its significance in our lives and encourages us to reevaluate our understanding of joy and seek its presence in our everyday lives. 12.How does Smith think people can find joy? A.By appreciating ordinary moments of daily life. B.By achieving great success and acquiring wealth. C.By seeking contentment in external circumstances. D.By focusing on personal growth through self-reflection. 13.What role does literature play in pursuing joy? A.It provides entertainment for society. B.It distracts us from problems. C.It promotes understanding of others. D.It helps us find life's meaning. 14.What influences our view of joy according to Smith? A.Financial status and social recognition. B.Cultural heritage and social relationships. C.Professional success and personal value. D.Physical health and educational background. 15.What's the text? A.A commentary. B.A news report. C.A book review. D.A personal narrative.