专题一 阅读理解-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语二轮总复习学案

005 第二部分阅读能力突破篇 专题一阅读理解 〈考情分析明方向 新课程标准明确指出阅读理解主要考查学生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和 把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。要求考生能判断和识别书面语篇的意图，获取其中的重要信息和 观点；能识别语篇中的主要事实与观点之间的逻辑关系，理解语篇反映的文化背景；能推断语篇中的隐含意义：能 识别语篇中的内容要点和相应支撑论据：能根据定义线索，理解概念性词汇或术语：能理解文本信息与非文本信 息的关系。 三年考情分析 文体 题型 年份 卷别 A篇 B篇 C篇 D篇 细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测 全国I卷 应用文 记叙文 议论文 说明文 6 7 全国Ⅱ卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 4 2 2025 北京卷 应用文 夹叙夹议文 夹叙夹议文 说明文 5 6 2 浙江1月卷 应用文 夹叙夹议文 说明文 说明文 4 1 新课标I卷 应用文 记叙文 议论文 说明文 P 5 1 2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 应用文 新闻报道 说明文 说明文 6 5 全国甲卷 应用文 说明文 说明文 议论文 7 6 新课标I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 新课标Ⅱ卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1 2023 全国甲卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 9 5 0 全国乙卷 说明文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 8 由以上统计可看出，近年来阅读理解的体裁类型以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，夹叙夹议文、议论文等为 辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文是考生的难题；题型以细节理解题和推理判断题所占比例较大，词句 猜测题和主旨大意题较难，所占比例较小；阅读语篇中的长难句日益增多。因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从 题型、体裁和题材等方面进行高效复习。 006 掌握攻略巧破题 一、掌握阅读技巧 1.学会略读和精读。略读是快速浏览文章，抓取大意，确定文章主题和结构；精读是对于关键段落和句子，仔细分 析句子结构、词汇含义，理解作者的意图和观点。 2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。在阅读过程中，不要逐字逐句翻译，尝试直接用英语思维，理解文章内容。 二、常用阅读步骤 1.文章→问题一→文章 速读文章掌握大意，然后看题目，再细读问题所在文章的部分来答题。这种方式有利于整体把握文章主旨及作 者的观点意图，对文章理解度较深，适合于大多数语篇。 2.问题→文章→问题 先看问题，然后带着问题去读文章的某些部分，再答题。这种方式能够节省答题时间，针对性强，但只适用于较 简单的文章，解答细节性和事实性的题目。缺点是先看问题会干扰对文章主旨大意的理解把握。 三、解题三步法 第一步：速读全文，抓住主旨 1.速读全文，重点读 (1)文章第一段。文章的主题、核心概念一般在首段出现。 (2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。 2.读后掌握两点 (1)文章的主旨大意。 (2)作者的大致态度。 第二步：细审题干，定位原文 1.仔细审明题干内容，把每道题和原文的信息所在处建立联系，定好位 (1)信息词定位原则：通常是由题干出发，去原文中寻找可靠信息词：有大写字母的专有名词（如人名、地名 等)、时间、数字等。 (2)自然段定位原则：出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 平时训练时要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 2.重点关注点 (1)首尾处 高考中的阅读理解文章一般结构层次清晰，逻辑性强，这类文章的首尾段经常是文章的主旨要义，而每段的首 尾句经常又是该段落的主题句。 (2)转折处 文章中的转折处经常是体现作者观点或文章主题的地方，考生看到这些地方要重点关注并做上标记，以便做题 时查找。常见的转折词语有：but,however,.yet,still,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the contrary等。 (3)对比处 文章中作者经常将两个事物、事实或观，点进行对比，以论证自己观点的正确性，而命题者常将针对双方的属性 进行设题，此类试题多是推理判断题。常见的表示对比的标志性词语有：unlike,by contrast,(be)compared with,in comparison等。 (4)举例处 一般情况下在议论文和说明文中，作者都会通过例证的方式来说明某事物的功能作用或论证某种观点，这些地 方通常是设题的热点区域。考生要牢记一般举例的前后处即为该例子的论点所在。常见的标志性词语有： like,such as,for example,for instance,take...as an example,take...for example (5)因果处 因果关系阐明了两事物的内在联系，是作者进行分析或得出结论的地方。常见的词语有：because,for,since, as,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,because of,due to,thanks to,as a result of),result in/from,lead 007 o等。需要注意的是，有时候文章中虽未出现表示因果关系的词语，但在逻辑上存在此种关系，此时考生就要 根据实际情况去进行推理判断，理清逻辑。 (6)特殊标点符号处 文章的特殊标点符号处通常是作者表达特殊意图的地方，也是命题者经常设题之处。 ①破折号。其后的内容通常为对前面内容的解释说明或补充，用来表明此处信息至关重要。但两个破折号的 作用通常为插入语，一般不会是重点信息所在； ②冒号。主要用来对前面内容进行解释或总结。一般情况下，出现冒号时考生应重点关注冒号后的内容； ③括号。英文中的括号不同于中文的用法，因为英文括号里的内容通常用来解释或强调括号前的内容，是重点 信息所在处。 (7)结论处 文章中“the research/study indicates,the report suggests,in short,in brief,in conclusion"等都是表达结果或结论 的所在。 (8)观点处 文章的作者及文章中提到的相关人员对某人或事物表达的观点态度通常会是命题的重点区域。做题时要注意 doubt,appreciate,hate,be against/,for,in favor of等词语。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较重叠选项，选出 答案。 实战导引 点迷津 (2025·全国I卷·阅读理解B) In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who'd created these people,knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:"Why is writing important?"Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis()statement. I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change. As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre()and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and tumed in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance-the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human. 24.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A.Ninth graders. B.Students'parents. C.Modern writers D.Fictional characters. 008 25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. 26.What does the underlined word“staggering”in paragraph3mean？ A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing 27.What does the author's experience show? A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep. C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect. 【解题导引】 第一步：速读全文，抓住主旨 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的 来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 第二步：细审题干，定位原文 第24小题根据题千中的信息词at the beginning of paragraph1快速定位到文章的第一段。 第25小题根据题千中的信息词perform poorly和first essay定位到文章的第二段。 第26小题根据题千中的信息词paragraph3快速定位到画线词所在的第三段。 第27小题根据题干中的信息词the author's experience定位到文章的最后一段并结合全文内容。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案 在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“In my ninth-grade writing class last year.,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who'd created these people,knew their subjects so well..”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造 出来的虚构人物。故选 25.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn't strike them as important.”可知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选 26.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and tumed in stories,I0to20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart..”可知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心 的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词“staggering'”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”。故选一。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance-the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human.”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说 明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项“Teaching is learning”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选参考答案 [学案部分] 4.A细节理解题。根据Fee部分“There is a$36 Wilderness 第二部分 阅读能力突破篇 Administrative Fee for each trip reservation not each night/not each person)from May1 through October31.”可知，一对夫t妇 在9月23日露营要付36美元。 专题一 阅读理解 5.B细节理解题。根据Arriving late?部分“You may call prior 实战导引·点迷津 to noon on the first day of your trip to indicate a late arrival,in DDBA which case your permit will be held for you.”可知，如果露营者 提前报告他迟到了许可证将被保留。 类型一题型破解 6.C细节理解题。根据Using A Permit部分“The wilderness permit must be easily accessible and with you at all times..”可知， 第1讲 细节理解题 露营者应该把许可证放在手边。 高频考点·研析透 C 考点1：Mevagissey A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一款智能手表 考点2：volunteers五B 的广告，介绍了YourStride智能手表的各种功能、操作步骤及 考点3：payricoainednematinal y价格。 :7.A细节理解题。根据Fall Detection部分中“Our advanced 模拟精练·提考能 YourStride watch is equipped with an intelligent automatic fall A detection system.Sensing a fall,it will immediately get in touch 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本 with our highly trained and experienced 24/7 monitoring team." 深受青少年喜爱的杂志。 可知，当这款YourStride手表监测到跌倒时，会立刻联系全天 L.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Teen Mag's writer team is 候监测团队。 mainly made up of hundreds of olege and high schosudent8.C细节理解题。根据Multifunctionl Health Companion部 writers from around the world who are passionate about improving 分中“Alongside the SOS button and automatic fall detection,it their writing skills and are excited to connect with other like- monitors your heart rate,blood pressure,and has a built-in step minded writers.”可知，定期为《青少年杂志》撰稿的是大学生 counter.”可知，除了跌倒监测功能外，手表还有监测心率、血 和高中生。 压以及计步等功能。 2.C细节理解题。根据第四段中“Faces takes young readers9.D数字计算题。根据倒数第二段“The YourStride watch is around the world and back to get an honest and unbiased(无偏见 available at an affordable price of just f 60.For those who require view of how children in other countries live.Learn about the 24/7 emergency help,there is a monthly subscription fee of important inventions and ideas from other cultures through 15.An extra 2 per month for the additional fall detection articles,folk tales,recipes,and hands-on projects.”可知，读者 feature..”可知，所有服务一年总共需支付60+15×12+2×12 能从Faces杂志中获得来自其他国家的发明信息， =264英镑。 3.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Teen Mag's writer team is D mainly made up of hundreds of college and high school student 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动画 writers from around the world who are passionate about improving:电影《哪吃2》的特色、视觉效果、主题深度及其对全球观众的共 their writing skills and are excited to connect with other like-鸣影响。 minded writers..”,第三段中“It is devoted to helping teens share10.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“This popular film takes their own voices while developing reading,writing,creative and viewers on another inspiring journey,combining ancient tales critical-thinking skills.”,第四段中“This magazine also welcomes with modern themes of self-discovery and fight against fate." articles written by teens about their own travel.”和第五段中 知，这部电影将古代传说与现代主题相结合，这是它特有的 "readers will learn critical thinking skills and improve their 特点。 writing skills”可知，这四本杂志都有助于提高青少年的写作ll.D细节理解题。根据第三段“The film produce quality 能力。 surpasses its formers,with breathtaking landscapes and fluent B action sequences that match top-tier Hollywood productions.The 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了在落： film's color setting is enthusiastic and dynamic,effectively 基山国家公园的荒野地区过夜露营所需的荒野许可证的相关 conveying the emotional intensity of each scene.”可知，这部电 信息。 影惊人的视觉效果使它可与好莱坞作品相提并论。 —269-