Unit 4 语法讲解及习题 be going to表将来、不定式作宾语 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语七年级下册

鲁教(五四学制)英语七下Unit4语法讲解及习题 be going to表将来、不定式作宾语 一、语法讲解 语法一:Future with be going to(be going to 表将来) 1. 核心含义 本语法主要用于谈论未来的计划、打算,也可根据现有迹象推测即将发生的事,语气侧重“有明确计划或依据”,常与梦想职业、新年决心、周末计划等话题结合。 例句: I’m going to work hard at maths.(我打算努力学习数学。) Are you going to read more books about IT?(你打算读更多关于信息技术的书吗?) I’m going to take art lessons.(我打算上美术课。) 2. 基本结构 be going to + 动词原形(do),其中be动词(am/is/are)的形式由主语的人称和数决定,不可遗漏或误用,具体对应如下: 主语人称/数 be动词形式 示例 第一人称单数(I) am I am going to be a writer.(我打算成为一名作家。) 第一人称复数(we) are We are going to make New Year’s resolutions.(我们打算制定新年决心。) 第二人称单/复数(you) are You are going to take acting classes.(你/你们打算上表演课。) 第三人称单数(he/she/it/人名) is John is going to read more books about IT.(约翰打算读更多关于信息技术的书。) 第三人称复数(they) are They are going to live in the countryside.(他们打算住在乡下。) 3. 句式转换 (1)否定句:在be动词后加not 结构:主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 原句:He is going to work hard at maths. 否定句:He is not(isn’t)going to work hard at maths.(他不打算努力学习数学。) 补充:am not 不可缩写,are not缩写为aren’t,is not缩写为isn’t (2)一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句末加问号 结构:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? 原句:I am going to be an IT engineer. 一般疑问句:Are you going to be an IT engineer?(你打算成为一名信息技术工程师吗?) 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be. (Yes, I am.) 否定回答:No, 主语 + be + not. (No, I’m not.) (3)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 常用特殊疑问词:what(什么)、how(怎样)、when(什么时候)、where(哪里) 1. What are you going to be in the future?(你将来打算成为什么?)—I’m going to be a teacher.(我打算成为一名老师。) 2. How are you going to do that?(你打算怎样做?)—I’m going to study hard at school.(我打算在学校努力学习。) 3. When are you going to read more classics?(你打算什么时候读更多名著?)—I’m going to read them this weekend.(我打算这个周末读。) 4. 用法细分及例句 (1)表示“计划、打算、准备”做某事( 主观有安排) 1. Fu Xing is going to read more classics.(傅兴打算读更多名著。) 2. I am going to join the school music club.(我打算加入学校音乐俱乐部。) 3. Tina is going to practise her drawing skills every day.(蒂娜打算每天练习她的绘画技巧。) (2)表示“根据迹象推测”即将发生的事 1. Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain.(看那些乌云,快要下雨了。) 2. The sky is getting dark. We are going to go home soon.(天快黑了,我们很快就要回家了。) 5. 易错点提醒 易错点1:遗漏be动词或be动词与主语不一致(高频错误)。 错误:I going to be a doctor. / She are going to take art lessons. 正确:I am going to be a doctor. / She is going to take art lessons. 易错点2:be going to 后面接动词原形,不可接动名词(doing)。 错误:He is going to reading a book about AI. 正确:He is going to read a book about AI. 易错点3:特殊疑问句句式混淆,忘记将be动词提到句首。 错误:What you are going to do this weekend? 正确:What are you going to do this weekend? 易错点4:there be句型与be going to连用,结构为There is/are going to be...(简单补充)。 例句:There is going to be a class meeting tomorrow.(明天将会有一场班会。) 语法二:Infinitives as objects(不定式作宾语) 1. 核心含义 不定式(to + 动词原形,部分可省略to)放在及物动词后面,作该动词的宾语,即“动词 + to do sth.”(或“动词 + do sth.”),常与“想要做某事、希望做某事、计划做某事”等表达结合。 例句: What do you want to be when you grow up?(你长大后想成为什么?) I want to be a writer when I’m older.(我长大后想成为一名作家。) Try to set mini-goals to help you achieve your resolution.(努力设定小目标来帮助你实现决心。) 2. 基本结构 主语 + 及物动词(vt.) + 不定式(to do / do) 说明:不定式作宾语的核心是“及物动词”,不及物动词后面不能直接接不定式作宾语;重点掌握三类动词。 3. 动词分类及例句 (1)后接“to + 动词原形”的动词 核心动词:want(想要)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、decide(决定)、try(努力、尝试)、learn(学习)、promise(答应) 1. I want to be a fireman when I grow up.(我长大后想成为一名消防员。) 2. She hopes to improve her English this year.(她希望今年提高她的英语水平。) 3. They plan to have a picnic on Sunday.(他们计划周日去野餐。) 4. He decides to take up a new hobby.(他决定培养一个新爱好。) (2)后接“动词原形”的动词(必须省略to ) 核心动词:let(让)、make(使、让)、help(帮助,可省可不省to) 1. Let me help you make a plan.(让我帮你制定一个计划。) 2. My teacher makes me work hard at English.(我的老师让我努力学习英语。) 3. She helps me (to) practise singing.(她帮我练习唱歌。)(to可省可不省) (3)后接“to do 或 doing”的动词 核心动词:like(喜欢)、start(开始) 1. I like to read books about IT.(我喜欢读关于信息技术的书。) 2. He starts to learn to cook.(他开始学习做饭。) 4. 句式转换 (1)否定句:在谓语动词(及物动词)前面加don’t/doesn’t(主语是三单用doesn’t,动词变原形) 原句:I want to be an actress. 否定句:I don’t want to be an actress.(我不想成为一名女演员。) 原句:He hopes to read more classics. 否定句:He doesn’t hope to read more classics.(他不希望读更多名著。) (2)一般疑问句:将助动词do/does提到句首(主语是三单用does,动词变原形) 原句:She wants to take art lessons. 一般疑问句:Does she want to take art lessons?(她想上美术课吗?) 肯定回答:Yes, she does. 否定回答:No, she doesn’t. 5. 易错点提醒 易错点1:混淆“带to”和“不带to”的动词,如let、make后面误加to。 错误:Let him to clean the room. 正确:Let him clean the room. 易错点2:want、hope等动词后面误接动名词(doing),忘记接to do。 错误:I want being a teacher. 正确:I want to be a teacher. 易错点3:help后面的to可省可不省,无需刻意添加或省略,两种形式均正确。 例句:She helps me carry the box. / She helps me to carry the box.(两种形式都对) 二、语法习题 第一部分:单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —What are you going to be when you grow up? —I _ be an IT engineer. A. am going to B. is going to C. are going to D. be going to 2. He _ going to work hard at maths because he wants to be an engineer. A. am B. is C. are D. be 3. —_ you going to take acting classes? —Yes, I am. A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Do 4. Look at the black clouds! It _ rain soon. A. is going to B. are going to C. am going to D. will going to 5. My sister _ going to read more books about AI this weekend. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. am not D. don’t 6. —What _ you going to do tomorrow? —I’m going to visit my grandparents. A. do B. did C. are D. is 7. There _ going to be a football match in our school next week. A. is B. are C. am D. be 8. I want _ a musician when I grow up. A. be B. to be C. being D. am 9. She _ to take up a new hobby this year. A. plan B. plans C. plan to D. plans to 10. Let _ help you with your homework. A. I B. my C. me D. mine 11. My mom makes me _ my room every day. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 12. —Does she hope _ to the park this afternoon? —Yes, she does. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 13. He decides _ hard to improve his English. A. work B. to work C. working D. works 14. She helps me _ carry the heavy box. A. / B. to C. A or B D. with 15. They _ to have a class meeting tomorrow. A. are going B. going C. are going to D. going to 第二部分:句型转换 按要求完成下列句子,每空一词(含缩写)。 1. I am going to be a teacher.(改为否定句) I _ _ going to be a teacher. 2. He is going to read more classics.(改为一般疑问句) _ he _ to read more classics? 3. They are going to take art lessons.(对划线部分提问) _ are they going to _? 4. She is going to work hard at maths.(对划线部分提问) _ is she going to work hard at? 5. I want to be a fireman.(改为否定句) I _ _ to be a fireman. 6. He hopes to join the music club.(改为一般疑问句) _ he _ to join the music club? 7. My brother plans to practise drawing.(对划线部分提问) _ does your brother plan to _? 8. Let’s make a New Year’s resolution.(改为否定句) Let’s _ _ a New Year’s resolution. 9. She is going to visit her parents this weekend.(改为同义句) She _ _ visit her parents this weekend. 10. I want to improve my singing.(对划线部分提问) _ do you want to _? 第三部分:改错 下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正(每句只有一处错误)。 1. I going to be a writer when I’m older. (_ _) 2. She wants being an actress in the future. (_ _) 3. Let him to help you with your plan. (_ _) 4. They are going to reading more books about IT. (_ _) 5. What you are going to do this weekend? (_ _) 第四部分:补全对话 根据对话内容,从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话(有一项多余)。 A. What do you want to be when you grow up? B. How are you going to do that? C. I’m going to take art lessons. D. I want to be a painter. E. Are you going to practise drawing every day? F. I’m going to work hard at art. A: Hi, Lily! 1. _ B: Hi, Tom! I have a dream job. 2. _ A: A painter? That’s interesting! 3. _ B: I’m going to do two things. First, 4. _ Second, I’m going to practise drawing every day. A: Sounds great! I believe you can be a good painter. B: Thank you! 三、习题答案及解析 第一部分:单项选择(15题) 1. 答案:A 解析:主语是I,be动词用am,be going to 表“打算”,贴合句意“我打算成为一名信息技术工程师”。 2. 答案:B 解析:主语是He(第三人称单数),be动词用is,be going to 结构中be动词与主语保持一致。 3. 答案:C 解析:主语是you,be动词用are,一般疑问句将be动词提到句首,贴合句意“你打算上表演课吗?”。 4. 答案:A 解析:根据“black clouds”(乌云)这一迹象,推测即将下雨,主语是It,be动词用is,故选A。 5. 答案:A 解析:主语是My sister(第三人称单数),be动词用is,否定句在is后加not,缩写为isn’t。 6. 答案:C 解析:询问“打算做什么”用What are you going to do...? 固定句式,主语是you,be动词用are。 7. 答案:A 解析:there be句型与be going to连用,后面的名词是a football match(单数),故be动词用is。 8. 答案:B 解析:want 是后接to do的动词,want to be... 表示“想要成为……”,固定搭配。 9. 答案:D 解析:主语是She(第三人称单数),谓语动词plan用第三人称单数形式plans;plan是后接to do的动词,故选D。 10. 答案:C 解析:let 是后接动词原形的动词,let sb. do sth. 中sb. 用宾格形式,I的宾格是me。 11. 答案:A 解析:make 是后接动词原形的动词,make sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”,故选A。 12. 答案:B 解析:hope 是后接to do的动词,一般疑问句中does提前,hope用原形,后面仍接to do,故选B。 13. 答案:B 解析:decide 是后接to do的动词,decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”,固定搭配。 14. 答案:C 解析:help 后面的to可省可不省,help sb. (to) do sth. 表示“帮助某人做某事”,故选C。 15. 答案:C 解析:be going to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”,主语是They,be动词用are,后面接动词原形have,故选C。 第二部分:句型转换(10题) 1. 答案:am not 解析:否定句在be动词am后加not,am not 不可缩写。 2. 答案:Is; going 解析:一般疑问句将be动词Is提到句首,后面going to 保持不变。 3. 答案:What; do 解析:划线部分是take art lessons(做的事情),用what提问,be going to 后面接动词原形do。 4. 答案:What 解析:划线部分是maths(学科),用what提问,询问“打算努力学习什么”。 5. 答案:don’t want 解析:want 是实义动词,否定句在前面加don’t,want用原形。 6. 答案:Does; hope 解析:主语是He(第三人称单数),一般疑问句将does提到句首,hope用原形。 7. 答案:What; do 解析:划线部分是practise drawing(做的事情),用what提问,plan to 后面接动词原形do。 8. 答案:not make 解析:let’s 的否定句是let’s not + 动词原形,固定用法。 9. 答案:plans to 解析:be going to do sth. 与plan to do sth. 同义,主语是She,plan用第三人称单数形式plans。 10. 答案:What; improve 解析:划线部分是my singing(提高的内容),用what提问,want to 后面接动词原形improve。 第三部分:改错(5题) 1. 错误:going 改正:am going 解析:遗漏be动词,主语是I,be动词用am,be going to 结构不可缺少be动词。 2. 错误:being 改正:to be 解析:want 是后接to do的动词,不能接动名词,应为want to be。 3. 错误:to help 改正:help 解析:let 是后接动词原形的动词,后面不能加to,应为let him help。 4. 错误:reading 改正:read 解析:be going to 后面接动词原形,不能接动名词,应为be going to read。 5. 错误:What you are 改正:What are you 解析:特殊疑问句中,be动词are应提到主语you前面,句式为What are you going to do...?。 第四部分:补全对话(4题) 1. 答案:A 解析:根据下文“I have a dream job.”,可知上文询问“你长大后想成为什么?”,故选A。 2. 答案:D 解析:根据上文询问梦想职业及下文“A painter?”,可知此处回答“我想成为一名画家”,故选D。 3. 答案:B 解析:根据下文“I’m going to do two things.”,可知上文询问“你打算怎样做?”,故选B。 4. 答案:C 解析:根据上文“我打算做两件事”,结合选项,“我打算上美术课”贴合语境,故选C。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $