Unit 1 语法讲解及习题_形容词和副词的原级、比较级用法 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语七年级下册

鲁教（五四学制）英语七下Unit1语法讲解及习题 形容词和副词的原级、比较级用法 语法详细讲解 一、语法基础：形容词（Adj.）和副词（Adv.） ① 形容词：修饰名词/代词（如tall, outgoing），放名词前或be动词/系动词后；② 副词：修饰动词/形容词（如fast, well），放动词后或形容词前；③ 重点：掌握两者原级、比较级的变化规则及对应句式。 二、具体用法讲解 （一）原级比较（as...as... / not as/so...as...） 含义：表示“和……一样……”（肯定）或“不如……”（否定），强调程度相同或差距小。 1. 基本结构 肯定式：主语 + be/实义动词 + as + 原级（形/副） + as + 比较对象（人/物/代词宾格） 否定式：主语 + be/实义动词 + not as/so + 原级（形/副） + as + 比较对象 2. 易错点 as...as...中间必须用原级（错误：as taller as → 正确：as tall as）； 比较对象需一致（人比人、物比物）； 否定式中as和so可互换，not不可遗漏。 3. 例句 形容词原级：My best friend is as outgoing as me. / This music festival is not as interesting as last year’s. 副词原级：She sings as well as her sister. / I don’t get up as early as my mother. （二）比较级比较（...than...） 含义：表示“比……更……”，强调两者程度差异，是本单元重点难点。 1. 基本结构 主语 + be + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象 主语 + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + 比较对象 2. 比较级变化规则 ① 规则变化（5类） 变化类型 规则 示例（原级→比较级） 例句 一般情况 加-er tall→taller; fast→faster; early→earlier Tom is taller than his friend. 以不发音e结尾 加-r late→later She arrives later than me. 辅+元+辅结尾 双写尾辅音加-er big→bigger My bag is bigger than yours. 辅音+y结尾 变y为i加-er lazy→lazier; funny→funnier He is lazier than his brother. 多音节词 加more outgoing→more outgoing; hard-working→more hard-working Lucy is more outgoing than Lily. ② 不规则变化 原级 （形容词/副词） 词性及含义 比较级 例句 good / well good（adj. 好的）；well（adv. 好地） better She studies better than me.（她学习比我好。） bad / badly bad（adj. 坏的；差的）；badly（adv. 糟糕地） worse He did worse in the test than his brother.（他考试比他弟弟差。） many / much many（adj. 许多，修饰可数名词复数）；much（adj. 许多，修饰不可数名词） more There are more books in our library than theirs.（我们图书馆的书比他们的多。） little adj. 少的，修饰不可数名词 less I have less water than you.（我有的水比你少。） far adj. / adv. 远的；远地 farther / further My home is farther from school than hers.（我家离学校比她家远。） old adj. 年老的；旧的 older / elder His elder sister is older than him.（他的姐姐比他大。） 备注：farther侧重“距离更远”，further侧重“程度更深”；elder仅用于修饰家人（如elder sister/brother），older可用于人或物，初中重点掌握farther和older的用法。 ③ 单元易错点 shy→shyer（不用more shy）；loud→louder，loudly→more loudly； funny优先用funnier，early→earlier（不用more early）。 3. 补充用法（必考点） a little/much/even修饰比较级（表程度）：She is a little taller than me. / He works much harder. 比较级省略：She sings better than me.（省略I sing） 三、原级vs比较级 辨析 句式类型 标志词 例句 易错点 原级肯定 as...as... They are as hard-working as each other. 中间用原级 原级否定 not as/so...as... He is not as outgoing as his friend. 不用more...than否定 比较级 than She dances better than her sister. 前面用比较级 语法习题 一、单项选择 1. My sister is ___________ than me. She likes talking with people. A. shy B. shyer C. more shy D. the shyer 2. This music festival is ___________ interesting than the last one. A. much B. more C. very D. as 3. He plays the piano ___________ his brother. They both play very well. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. more well than 4. — Is Tom ___________ than Jim? — No, he isn’t. He is as lazy as Jim. A. lazy B. lazier C. more lazy D. the laziest 5. She gets up ___________ than me every morning. A. early B. earlier C. more early D. earliest 6. Lucy is ___________ outgoing than Lily. A. little B. a little C. more D. much 7. This book is ___________ than that one. A. boring B. more boring C. most boring D. the most boring 8. He runs ___________ than his deskmate. A. fast B. faster C. more fast D. fastest 9. — Do you sing ___________ than your sister? — No, I sing as ___________ as her. A. better; good B. good; better C. better; well D. well; better 10. My best friend is ___________ hard-working than me. A. more B. much C. little D. a little 二、词形转换 1. fast（比较级）______ 2. lazy（比较级）______ 3. outgoing（比较级）______ 4. good（比较级）______ 5. early（比较级）______ 6. funny（比较级）______ 7. hard-working（比较级）______ 8. loudly（比较级）______ 三、句型转换 1. Tom is tall. Jim is taller.（用than合并） Jim is ___________ ___________ Tom. 2. She sings well. Her sister sings well too.（用as...as...合并） She sings ___________ ___________ ___________ her sister. 3. Lucy is outgoing. Lily is more outgoing.（用not as...as...合并） Lucy is ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Lily. 4. He gets up early. I get up earlier.（同义句） I get up ___________ ___________ him. 5. My brother is lazy. My sister is lazier.（同义句） My brother is ___________ ___________ ___________ my sister. 6. She is a little shy. Her deskmate is very shy.（合并） Her deskmate is ___________ ___________ than her. 7. This story is boring. That story is more boring.（同义句） This story is ___________ ___________ ___________ than that one. 四、补全句子 1. 我的朋友和我一样勤奋。 My friend is ___________ ___________ ___________ me. 2. 莉莉比露西更有趣。 Lily is ___________ ___________ Lucy. 3. 他弹中国笛比我好。 He plays the Chinese flute ___________ ___________ me. 4. 这次的活动比上次的更多。 There are ___________ ___________ than last time. 5. 我没有我的妈妈起床早。 I don’t get up ___________ ___________ ___________ my mother. 6. 她比她的妹妹高一点。 She is ___________ ___________ ___________ than her sister. 7. 我的同桌比我更认真。 My deskmate is ___________ ___________ than me. 8. 他们在很多方面都不同。 They are ___________ in many ways. 习题答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. B（shy比较级shyer，than提示比较级） 2. B（多音节词interesting比较级more interesting，than提示） 3. B（as...as...用原级，play用副词well修饰） 4. B（lazy比较级lazier，than提示） 5. B（early比较级earlier） 6. C（outgoing多音节词，比较级more outgoing） 7. B（boring比较级more boring，than提示） 8. B（fast比较级faster） 9. C（第一空than用better，第二空as...as...用well） 10. A（hard-working比较级more hard-working） 二、词形转换 1. faster 2. lazier 3. more outgoing 4. better 5. earlier 6. funnier 7. more hard-working 8. more loudly 三、句型转换 1. taller than 2. as well as 3. not as outgoing as 4. earlier than 5. not as lazy as 6. much shyer 7. not as boring as 四、补全句子 1. as hard-working as 2. funnier than 3. better than 4. more activities 5. as early as 6. a little taller 7. more serious 8. different ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $