Unit6语法讲解及习题 Can/Could for polite requests and permission 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语七年级上册

鲁教（五四制）英语七上Unit6语法讲解及习题 Can/Could for polite requests and permission 一、核心语法详细讲解 （一）核心语法：Can/Could表礼貌请求与许可 Can和Could均可用于礼貌地提出请求、询问许可，贴合单元中“请求家人帮忙做家务、请求朋友帮忙装饰房间、询问能否做某事”的语境，两者语气有细微区别，核心用法一致。 1. 核心含义与语气区别 词汇 核心含义 语气 语境用途 Can 能、可以（表请求/许可） 较随意，适用于家人、熟悉的朋友之间 请求家人帮忙做家务、询问朋友能否借用物品 Could 能、可以（表请求/许可） 更礼貌、委婉，适用于所有礼貌场景，语气比Can更柔和 请求他人帮忙、更客气地询问许可 示例 ： Can / Could you please water the plants?（你能浇一下花吗？—— 请求帮忙） Can I hang out with my friends after lunch?（我午饭后能和朋友出去逛逛吗？—— 询问许可） 2. 核心句式 （1）表礼貌请求（请求他人做某事） 句式：Can / Could you please + 动词原形 + 其他？（最常用，贴合课本1d、Grammar Focus） 例句：Could you please sweep the floor?（你能扫一下地吗？） （2）表询问许可（询问自己能否做某事） 句式：Can / Could I + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：Can I invite my friends to our new house?（我能邀请我的朋友来我们的新房子吗？） （3）常见回应方式（肯定/否定 ） 肯定回应（同意请求/许可）：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / OK. / Yes, you can. 否定回应（拒绝请求/许可，需委婉）：Sorry, I can’t. + 理由. / Sorry, you can’t. + 理由. 示例： — Could you help me hang up the photos? — Sure.（你能帮我挂照片吗？—— 当然可以。） — Can I stay out until eleven? — Sorry, you can’t. You need a good rest.（我能待到十一点吗？—— 抱歉，不行。你需要好好休息。） 易错提醒 Can/Could后面必须接动词原形（如：Could you sweep? 不能说Could you swept?）。 Could表请求/许可时，回答不用could，用can（如：— Could I use your phone? — Yes, you can. 不能说Yes, you could.）。 否定回应要加理由，语气委婉，贴合日常交际 。 （二）关联语法：一般过去时简单运用 结合单元阅读（回家过年的故事），简单运用一般过去时描述过去发生的动作，主要复习动词过去式，适配阅读和写作场景。 例句： We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.（我们早上起得很早去赶火车。） Grandpa helped us pull the heavy luggage into the house.（爷爷帮我们把沉重的行李搬进屋里。） 复习核心：描述过去的动作，用动词过去式（如get→got, help→helped）。 （三）单元核心交际句型 1. 请求帮忙（家务/其他）：Can / Could you please + 动词原形？（如：Could you please clean the bathroom?） 2. 询问许可：Can / Could I + 动词原形？（如：Can I put some flowers on the table?） 3. 回应请求/许可：Sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to...（如：Sorry, I can’t. I have to pack up my things.） 4. 谈论家务：I can sweep the floor / clean the bathroom / water the plants.（我能扫地/打扫浴室/浇花。） 二、习题 题型一：用Can/Could补全句子 1. __________ you please sweep the floor? I’m busy cooking dinner.（礼貌请求） 2. __________ I hang out with my friends after finishing my homework?（询问许可） 3. __________ you help me hang up the photos? They are too high for me.（更礼貌的请求） 4. __________ I use your computer to write a letter? Mine is broken.（询问许可） 5. __________ you please take out the rubbish? It’s smelly.（礼貌请求） 6. __________ I invite my classmates to our home for a party?（询问许可） 7. __________ you bring your brush tomorrow? I need it to paint the wall.（礼貌请求） 8. __________ I stay at my friend’s home tonight?（询问许可，更委婉） 9. __________ you please fold the clothes? My hands are wet.（礼貌请求） 10. __________ I borrow your chess set? I want to play with my brother.（询问许可） 题型二：用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. — Could you please ____________ (sweep) the floor? — Sure, I’ll do it at once. 2. My mum ____________ (ask) me to clean the bathroom yesterday. I ____________ (finish) it quickly. 3. — Can I ____________ (put) some flowers on the table? — Yes, good idea! 4. Grandpa ____________ (help) us pull the luggage into the house when we arrived last week. 5. — Could you ____________ (bring) me some snacks? — Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework. 6. We ____________ (get) up early to catch the train for the Spring Festival last year. 7. — Can you ____________ (help) me decorate my room? — No problem. I’m free this afternoon. 8. She ____________ (can not) go out yesterday because she was ill. 9. — Could I ____________ (use) your phone? Mine is dead. — Of course you can. 10. They ____________ (enjoy) a delicious dinner with their grandparents last weekend. 题型三：单项选择 1. — ______ you please help me clean the window? — Sure, no problem. A. Do B. Can C. Did D. Will 2. — ______ I borrow your brush? I need to paint the wall. — Yes, you can. A. Could B. Do C. Did D. Are 3. — Could you ______ the dishes after dinner? — Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework. A. do B. did C. does D. doing 4. — Can I go to the movies with my friends? — ______, but you have to finish your chores first. A. Yes, you can’t B. No, you can C. Sorry, you can’t D. Sure 5. My dad ______ me to pack up my things yesterday afternoon. A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking 6. — Could I use your computer? — ______. I’m using it now. A. Sure B. No problem C. Sorry, you can’t D. Yes, you can 7. We ______ a good time with our grandparents during the Spring Festival. A. have B. had C. has D. having 8. — Can you ______ me hang up the photos? — Sure, let’s do it together. A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping 题型四：按要求改写句子 1. Can you please clean the bathroom?（改为更委婉的表达） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. I can invite my friends to our new house.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Could you help me with my homework?（作否定回答，加理由） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. He helped his mum sweep the floor yesterday.（对画线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Can I use your phone?（改为更委婉的表达，并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 题型五：情景对话补全（2题，每空一词 ） 1. A: Hi, Peter! Our new house is messy. ____________ you please help me clean it? B: Sure. What do you want me to do? A: ____________ you sweep the floor? And I will clean the bathroom. B: No problem. By the way, ____________ I invite my friend Tom to help us? A: Of course you ____________. That will be faster. 2. A: Mum, ____________ I go to the flower shop with Helen? We want to buy some flowers for Grandma. B: Sorry, you ____________. You have to finish your homework first. A: OK, Mum. ____________ you please help me with my math homework? It’s too difficult. B: Sure. Let’s do it together after I finish cooking. 三、习题答案及解析 题型一：Can/Could补全句子 1. Can/Could 2. Can/Could 3. Could 4. Can/Could 5. Can/Could 2. Can/Could 7. Can/Could 8. Could 9. Can/Could 10. Can/Could 解析：表请求/许可均可填Can或Could；强调“更礼貌”时，填Could；无特殊要求时，两者均可，贴合单元语境即可。 题型二：动词形式填空 1. sweep 解析：Could you please后接动词原形。 2. asked; finished 解析：yesterday是过去标志，ask和finish均用过去式。 3. put 解析：Can I后接动词原形。 4. helped 解析：last week是过去标志，help的过去式为helped。 5. bring 解析：Could you后接动词原形。 6. got 解析：last year是过去标志，get的过去式为got（不规则）。 7. help解析：Can you后接动词原形。 8. couldn’t 解析：yesterday是过去标志，can not的过去式为couldn’t。 9. use 解析：Could I后接动词原形。 10. had 解析：last weekend是过去标志，have的过去式为had（不规则）。 题型三：单项选择 1. B 解析：表礼貌请求，用Can/Could，结合选项，选Can。 2. A 解析：表更委婉的询问许可，用Could，回答用can，贴合语法规则。 3. A 解析：Could you后接动词原形do，do the dishes是固定搭配（做家务）。 4. D 解析：结合后句“但你得先完成家务”，可知是肯定回应，选Sure；A、B表达错误，C是否定回应，不符合语境。 5. C 解析：yesterday afternoon是过去标志，ask的过去式为asked。 6. C 解析：结合后句“我正在用”，可知是否定回应，委婉拒绝用Sorry, you can’t。 7. B 解析：语境为过去（春节期间），have的过去式为had。 8. A 解析：Can you后接动词原形help，help sb. do sth.是固定搭配。 题型四：改写句子 1. Could you please clean the bathroom? 解析：更委婉的表达，将Can改为Could即可，其余不变。 2. — Can I invite my friends to our new house? — Yes, you can. 解析：一般疑问句，将Can提至句首；肯定回答用Yes, you can.（不用could）。 3. Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework. 解析：否定回应需委婉，加理由（如“我得做作业”），符合单元交际语境，理由合理即可。 4. What did he help his mum do yesterday? 解析：对动作提问用What，一般过去时借助did，help后接动词原形do。 5. — Could I use your phone? — Sure, you can. 解析：更委婉的表达，将Can改为Could；肯定回答用Sure, you can. 题型五：情景对话补全 1. Could/Can; Can/Could; can/could; can 解析：第一空表礼貌请求，用Could/Can；第二空承接请求，用Can/Could；第三空表询问许可，用can/could；第四空肯定回应，用can（不用could）。 2. can/could; can’t; Could/Can 解析：第一空表询问许可，用can/could；第二空否定回应，用can’t，结合后句理由；第三空表礼貌请求，用Could/Can。 四、单元语法核心总结 1. Can/Could表礼貌请求：Could you please + 动词原形？（更委婉），Can you please + 动词原形？（较随意）。 2. Can/Could表询问许可：Can/Could I + 动词原形？，回答用Yes, you can. / Sorry, you can’t.（不用could）。 3. 易错点：Can/Could后接动词原形；否定回应需委婉，加合理理由。 4. 关联语法：复习一般过去时，描述过去的动作（如家务、假期经历），用动词过去式。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $