内容正文:
鲁教(五四制)英语七上Unit1语法讲解及习题
现在进行时(Present continuous tense)
一、语法概念
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。本单元核心运用该时态描述人们当下正在做的事情、打电话时询问对方的动作等,是日常交流中表达即时状态的重要时态。
二、基本结构
1. 肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(v.-ing)+ 其他
第一人称单数(I)后用am
第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词/代词)后用is
第一人称复数(we)、第二人称单复数(you)、第三人称复数(they/复数名词/代词)后用are
例句:
I am doing my homework.(我正在做作业。)
He is playing volleyball.(他正在打排球。)
They are shopping in the supermarket.(他们正在超市购物。)
2. 否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词的现在分词(v.-ing)+ 其他
(am not无缩写,is not=isn’t,are not=aren’t)
例句:
I am not washing dishes.(我没有在洗碗。)
She isn’t riding a bike.(她没有在骑自行车。)
We aren’t having a holiday.(我们没有在度假。)
3. 一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词(v.-ing)+ 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
例句:
—Is he gardening?(他正在做园艺吗?)
—Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
—Are you learning to make mooncakes?(你正在学做月饼吗?)
—Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
4. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(What/Where/Who/How等)+ am/is/are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词(v.-ing)+ 其他?
例句:
What are you doing right now?(你现在正在做什么?)
Where is she reading a book?(她正在哪里看书?)
Who is watching a film?(谁正在看电影?)
三、动词现在分词(v.-ing)的构成规则
1. 一般情况
直接在动词后加-ing
例:play→playing,do→doing,read→reading,shop→shopping(注意:shop是重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写p加ing)
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
先去掉e,再加-ing
例:make→making,write→writing,dance→dancing,have→having
3. 重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 -ing
例:run→running,swim→swimming,sit→sitting,paint→painting(非重读闭音节,直接加ing)
4. 以ie结尾的动词
把ie变为y,再加 -ing
例:lie→lying,die→dying(本单元暂未涉及,了解即可)
本单元常见动词现在分词:
do→doing,play→playing,shop→shopping,read→reading,wash→washing,ride→riding,garden→gardening,watch→watching,make→making,have→having,learn→learning,show→showing,stay→staying,study→studying,paint→painting,sing→singing,dance→dancing,take→taking,kick→kicking
四、用法详解
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作:常与right now, at the moment, now等时间状语连用,本单元打电话场景中高频使用。
例:What are you doing at the moment?(你此刻正在做什么?)
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作:动作不一定在说话时正在发生,常与these days, this week/month等连用。
例:She is learning Chinese in China these days.(她这些天正在中国学汉语。)
3. 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作(本单元暂未重点讲解,简单了解):常用位移动词,如go, come, leave等。
例:We are going to Pingyao next week.(我们下周要去平遥。)
注意:表示状态、情感、拥有的动词(如like, love, hate, know, have, want, see, hear等)不能用于现在进行时,这类动词通常用一般现在时。
例:I like painting flowers.(我喜欢画花。√) I am liking painting flowers.(×)
五、习题
题型一:写出下列动词的现在分词
1. do
2. play
3. shop
4. wash
5. make
6. have
7. dance
8. read
9. ride
10. study
题型二:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Look! The boy ________ (ride) a bike in the park.
2. —What ________ you ________ (do) right now? —I ________ (write) a postcard to my friend.
3. Jane and Hao Yi ________ (learn) to make mooncakes now.
4. My father ________ (not wash) the car at the moment. He ________ (watch) TV.
5. —________ she ________ (garden) in the yard? —Yes, she is.
6. The students ________ (not play) volleyball. They ________ (do) their homework.
7. Listen! The people next door ________ (sing) and ________ (dance).
8. My uncle ________ (show) us the sights of Pingyao these days.
9. We ________ (stay) near Pingyao’s city walls now.
10. —What ________ the girls ________ (do)? —They ________ (shop) in the market.
题型三:按要求改写句子
1. I am painting a tree.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
2. He is doing his homework.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定/否定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. They are having a holiday in China.(对划线部分提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Miss Jones is playing the piano in Flat 102.(对划线部分提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. We are learning French online.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
题型四:单项选择
1. —What is Tom doing? —He ________ a book in his room.
A. read B. reads C. is reading D. reading
2. —________ you ________ gardening? —No, I’m not. I’m washing dishes.
A. Are; do B. Do; do C. Are; doing D. Do; doing
3. The girls ________ not ________ volleyball now. They are shopping.
A. are; play B. is; playing C. are; playing D. is; play
4. —Who ________ jogging in Central Park? —My brother.
A. is B. are C. do D. does
5. Look! The lights ________ brightly across the city.
A. shine B. shines C. is shining D. are shining
题型五:情景交际
从方框中选择合适的句子补全对话,有两项多余。
A. What are you doing at the moment?
B. I’m sorry I can’t.
C. Is she watching TV now?
D. Would you like to play football with me?
E. Are you free this afternoon?
F. What about your sister?
G. She is doing her homework.
A: Hi, Mike! 1. ________
B: Hi, Peter! I’m doing my homework.
A: 2. ________
B: Sorry, I don’t know. Let me check. 3. ________
A: Oh, I see. 4. ________
B: Yes, I will be free after finishing it.
A: 5. ________
B: Sure! I’d love to.
六、答案及解析
题型一:写出下列动词的现在分词
1. doing
2. playing
3. shopping(重读闭音节,双写p加ing)
4. washing
5. making(去e加ing)
6. having(去e加ing)
7. dancing(去e加ing)
8. reading
9. riding
10. studying
解析:严格遵循现在分词构成规则,重点注意重读闭音节双写辅音字母和去e加ing的情况,本单元高频词shop/make/have/dance需重点掌握。
题型二:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. is riding(Look!提示此时此刻的动作,主语the boy是三单,用is+doing)
2. are; doing; am writing(right now提示现在进行时,you用are,I用am)
3. are learning(now提示现在进行时,主语是复数,用are+doing)
4. isn’t washing; is watching(at the moment提示现在进行时,否定用isn’t,三单主语用is+doing)
5. Is; gardening(一般疑问句,she是三单,用Is+主语+doing)
6. aren’t playing; are doing(now提示现在进行时,复数主语用aren’t/are+doing)
7. are singing; dancing(Listen!提示此时此刻的动作,复数主语用are+doing,并列的现在分词后一个可省略ing)
8. is showing(these days提示现阶段的动作,三单主语用is+doing)
9. are staying(now提示现在进行时,复数主语用are+doing)
10. are; doing; are shopping(特殊疑问句,复数主语用are+doing,回答一致)
解析:解题关键是抓住时间状语(now/right now/at the moment/these days)和提示词(Look/Listen),确定用现在进行时,再根据主语的人称和数选择am/is/are。
题型三:按要求改写句子
1. I am not painting a tree.
解析:现在进行时否定句直接在am/is/are后加not。
2. —Is he doing his homework? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
解析:一般疑问句把is提前,主语紧跟其后,动词用doing;回答用Yes/No+主语+is/isn’t。
3. What are they doing in China?
解析:对动作提问用What,后接一般疑问句结构(are+主语+doing)。
4. Where is Miss Jones playing the piano?
解析:对地点提问用Where,后接一般疑问句结构(is+主语+doing)。
5. We are not learning French online. / We aren’t learning French online.
解析:复数主语的否定句在are后加not,可缩写为aren’t。
题型四:单项选择
1. C
解析:问句用现在进行时,答句需保持时态一致,主语he是三单,用is reading。
2. C
解析:根据答句No, I’m not. 可知问句是现在进行时的一般疑问句,结构为Are+主语+doing。
3. C
解析:now提示现在进行时,否定结构为am/is/are+not+doing,主语the girls是复数,用are。
4. A
解析:jogging是现在分词,本句是现在进行时,who作主语通常视为三单,用is。
5. D
解析:Look!提示此时此刻的动作,主语the lights是复数,用are shining。
题型五:情景交际
1. A
解析:根据答句I’m doing my homework. 可知问句询问对方此刻正在做什么,选A。
2. F
解析:根据答句Sorry, I don’t know. Let me check. 可知问句询问对方的妹妹在做什么,选F。
3. G
解析:承接上文,回答妹妹正在做的事情,选G。
4. E
解析:根据答句Yes, I will be free after finishing it. 可知问句询问对方下午是否有空,选E。
5. D
解析:根据答句Sure! I’d love to. 可知问句发出邀请,选D。
(多余选项:B、C)
(
1
)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$