精品解析：北京市丰台区2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

高二英语 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Lost Jacket In 1993, Jed Mottley seemed to be living every high schooler’s dream. As a star athlete at Chaparral High, he excelled in football, soccer, and running track. Yet his bright smile masked a(n) ____1____ reality: Jed’s mother worked three jobs to support her sons, but bills piled up constantly. To Jed, a letterman jacket was more than just clothing — it was a symbol of ____2____ and belonging. He remembered designing it with his mother, proudly choosing the bright red color for his passion and gold letters for his honor. His mother’s eyes shone with pride, though he now ____3____ she must have been worrying about the cost. When the jacket was ready months later, the price was too high. “We’ll come back to the shop next month,” his mother said softly. Jed nodded, trying to ____4____ his disappointment. But they never returned. As graduation approached, Jed would walk past the shop, catching glimpses of other students wearing their jackets. Each sight felt like a small ____5____, though he understood his mother’s situation. Years passed. Jed became a musician, and his mother passed away. The ____6____ of the jacket slowly faded. Then one ordinary day, his brother Josh called. “I think I ____7____ your jacket,” he said, voice full of excitement. In a small second-hand store, a bright red sleeve caught his eye. There it was — it felt like receiving a ____8____ from his mother across time. Jed ran his fingers over his name, which bridged years of silence and ____9____. The jacket whispered that love outlasts struggle, and some dreams, though ____10____, find their way home. 1. A. new B. future C. tough D. uncertain 2. A. dream B. profession C. freedom D. friendship 3. A. expected B. forgot C. doubted D. realized 4. A. express B. hide C. deepen D. record 5. A. comfort B. defeat C. reward D. surprise 6. A. design B. history C. memory D. value 7. A. came across B. turned off C. handed in D. aimed at 8. A. lesson B. letter C. gift D. warning 9. A. longing B. ignoring C. searching D. worrying 10. A. shared B. recycled C. exhausted D. delayed 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jed Mottley在1993年作为查帕拉尔高中的明星运动员，渴望拥有一件代表荣誉和归属感的运动夹克，但因母亲经济困难未能如愿。多年后母亲去世，Jed已成为音乐家，哥哥Josh偶然在二手店发现了这件夹克，对Jed而言，它宛如母亲穿越时光送来的礼物，象征着爱能战胜困境，即便梦想曾被耽搁，终会实现。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他灿烂的笑容掩盖了一个艰难的现实：Jed的母亲打三份工来养活她的儿子们，但账单却不断堆积。A. new新的；B. future未来的；C. tough艰难的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据后文“his mother worked three jobs to support her sons, but bills piled up constantly”可知，母亲虽努力工作但仍面临经济压力，现实艰难，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Jed来说，一件运动夹克不仅仅是衣服——它是梦想和归属感的象征。A. dream梦想；B. profession职业；C. freedom自由；D. friendship友谊。根据后文“some dreams,”可知，夹克对他来说代表着梦想，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他母亲的眼中闪耀着自豪，尽管他现在意识到她当时一定在担心费用问题。A. expected期待；B. forgot忘记；C. doubted怀疑；D. realized意识到。根据后文“she must have been worrying about the cost.”可知，现在回想过去，他意识到母亲当时的担忧，故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jed点点头，试图掩饰他的失望。A. express表达；B. hide隐藏，掩饰；C. deepen加深；D. record记录。根据前文“When the jacket was ready months later, the price was too high. “We’ll come back to the shop next month,” his mother said softly. Jed nodded”可知，母亲说下个月再来，他理解母亲，所以试图掩饰失望，故选B。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着毕业临近，Jed会走过那家店，瞥见其他学生穿着他们的夹克。每一次看到都像是一次小小的挫败，尽管他理解母亲的处境。A. comfort安慰；B. defeat挫败；C. reward奖励；D. surprise惊喜。根据前文“As graduation approached, Jed would walk past the shop, catching glimpses of other students wearing their jackets.”以及“disappointment”可知，看到别人有而自己没有，每次都感觉像受到挫败，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对夹克的记忆也慢慢淡去。A. design设计；B. history历史；C. memory记忆；D. value价值。根据前文“Years passed”时间过去，对夹克的记忆逐渐淡化，故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后在一个平常的日子，他的哥哥Josh打电话来说：“我想我偶然发现了你的夹克。”他的声音充满了兴奋。A. came across偶然发现；B. turned off关掉；C. handed in上交；D. aimed at瞄准。根据前文“your jacket”后文voice full of excitemen”可知，他的哥哥Josh在二手店偶然看到夹克，把这个好消息告诉了Jed，故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它就在那里——感觉就像从母亲那里穿越时间收到的一份礼物。A. lesson教训；B. letter信；C. gift礼物；D. warning警告。根据后文“from his mother across time”可知，夹克对他意义重大，此时就像母亲穿越时间送的礼物，故选C。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jed用手指抚摸着他的名字，这个名字跨越了多年的沉默与渴望。A. longing渴望；B. ignoring忽视；C. searching寻找；D. worrying担忧。根据前文“He remembered designing it with his mother, proudly choosing the bright red color for his passion”可知，多年前渴望得到夹克，所以这里是跨越了渴望，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件夹克仿佛在低语，爱能战胜困境，有些梦想，尽管被耽搁了，但终会找到回家的路。A. shared分享；B. recycled回收；C. exhausted耗尽；D. delayed耽搁。之根据前文“When the jacket was ready months later, the price was too high. “We’ll come back to the shop next month,” his mother said softly.”可知，之前因经济原因没能得到夹克，梦想被耽搁，故选D。 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Most weekends after chores, I walk the hillside with my neighbor Joy to watch fresh snow. It’s ____11____(peace), especially when snowflakes swirl slowly. Joy loves catching snow crystals and tracing deer prints. When Joy runs ahead, I hear her gloves brushing softly against the snow. I sometimes shout her back, worried that she might get someone ____12____ (knock) over. The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Joy, and the beautiful white hill. 【答案】11. peaceful 12. knocked 13. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者大多数周末做完家务后，会和邻居乔伊一起去山坡看新雪的情景，展现了静谧美好的冬日氛围。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这里很宁静，尤其是当雪花缓缓飘落的时候。根据空前的It's可知，此处应用形容词作表语，peace的形容词形式为peaceful，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会喊她回来，担心她可能会撞到别人。get sb. done为固定结构，意为“使某人被……”，knock与someone之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词knocked。故填knocked。 【13题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：不过，事实是可以猜到的——这里从来没有其他人。“________ could be guessed”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，所以用what引导。故填what。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When was the last time a joke saved your day ____14____ (good) than any advice? Maybe this morning a friend’s funny words ____15____ (turn) your bad mood into a smile. By the time you laughed, you had already forgotten your worry. Seeing humour is like opening a free gift. Some jokes are short, some need a second, but all can heal. Remember: problems shrink (变小) fast when laughter ____16____ (share). 【答案】14. better 15. turned 16. is shared 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了笑话有时比建议更能拯救心情，能帮人摆脱坏情绪、治愈烦恼。问题会在笑声分享时快速变小，幽默是治愈人心的免费礼物。 【14题详解】 考查比较级。句意：上一次有什么事情是因一个笑话而让你的心情得到更好的改善，甚至比得到任何建议都来得更有效果吗？根据后文than可知为比较级。故填better。 【15题详解】 考查时态。句意：或许就在今天早上，朋友那诙谐的话语让你原本糟糕的心情变得愉悦起来。根据上文this morning可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填turned。 【16题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：记住：当大家一起欢笑时，问题会迅速消失。主语laughter与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填is shared。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When ____17____ (pick) a career, we follow passion, not fear. Yet recent data show AI ____18____ (take) over roughly 8% of junior posts in areas like graphics, writing and coding—about 1.3 million openings gone over the past year. To stay wanted, we can act early: learn to steer AI tools instead of competing with them, and train for roles ____19____ need on-site care, quick judgment or fresh ideas. These steps help us plan ____20____ care. After all, our future should not be lost to machines. 【答案】17. picking 18. has taken 19. that## which 20. with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了在人工智能逐渐占据部分初级岗位的背景下，人们应如何选择职业。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在选择职业时，我们要追随热情，而非恐惧。句中已有谓语动词follow，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语we与pick之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词picking作状语。故填picking。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：然而，最近的数据显示，人工智能已经占据了图形、写作和编程等领域约8%的初级岗位，在过去一年里，大约有130万个职位消失了。根据“over the past year”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为“have / has +过去分词”，主语AI是不可数名词，所以用has taken。故填has taken。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：为了不被淘汰，我们可以尽早行动：学会操控人工智能工具，而非与之竞争，并为那些需要现场处理、快速判断或创新思维的岗位进行培训。此处为定语从句，先行词是roles，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that / which。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：这些步骤有助于我们谨慎地规划。with care为固定短语，意为“谨慎地”，所以用介词with。故填with。 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Principal Anderson, I am writing to propose an after-school video-gaming club at Highpoint Middle School. I believe it can add value to next year’s program. I have asked Ms Rodriguez, our school counselor, to serve as supervisor. She will check every game for content and age level. I will act as the first president and will work hard to keep the plan on track. Some fear that games pull students away from other interests. Yet the key is balance, not the game itself. Our athletes and band members practice far more than the one hour a week we request. A single sixty-minute session after school would sill leave time for homework and sports. The cost of equipment is also under control. The owner of a local thrift shop has offered several used computers and old consoles. A second store gives free games to schools in need. Many students are willing to bring their own devices. No school funds would be required. Research shows that fast-paced games can improve eye-hand control and quick decision-making. These skills help in math and science classes. To support grades we will require all members to pass every class. Those who fall behind will receive study help instead of club time until their work is back on track. Finally, the club would give many students a shared space for a hobby they already enjoy. It would serve the same role as chess or soccer: a place to learn, leada nd belong. I would welcome the chance to meet and discuss timing, parent forms and room use. Thank you for your time and thought. Sincerely, Alex Ayers 21. What is the main purpose of the letter? A. To ask the school to buy new computers. B. To start an after-school gaming club. C. To invite the principal to a lecture. D. To report different clubs’ duties. 22. Which source of equipment is mentioned by Alex? A. School tech budget. B. Student Union’s funds. C. Two thrift-store donations. D. Parents’ collection. 23. Alex believes the “pass-every-class” rule will ______. A. increase homework loads B. push students to keep grades up C. cut Ms Rodriguez’s work D. limit members to top students 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。学生Alex Ayers写信给校长Anderson，提议在学校成立一个课后视频游戏俱乐部，并阐述成立该俱乐部的诸多益处及相关安排。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I am writing to propose an after-school video-gaming club at Highpoint Middle School. I believe it can add value to next year’s program.(我写信是为了提议在Highpoint中学成立一个课后视频游戏俱乐部。我相信它能为明年的计划增添价值)”可知，这封信的主要目的是提议成立一个课后游戏俱乐部。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The owner of a local thrift shop has offered several used computers and old consoles. A second store gives free games to schools in need.(当地一家旧货店的老板提供了几台二手电脑和旧游戏机。另一家商店向有需要的学校免费提供游戏)””可知，Alex提到的设备来源是两家旧货店的捐赠。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“To support grades, we will require all members to pass every class. Those who fall behind will receive study help instead of club time until their work is back on track.(为了提高成绩，我们将要求所有成员每门课都及格。那些落后的学生将得到学习帮助，而不是参加俱乐部活动，直到他们的学习回到正轨)”可知，“每门课都及格”这一规则是为了促使学生提高成绩。故选B项。 B The spark of innovation first caught fire in Angelina Tsuboi’s life in a second-grade classroom, where she programmed a simple maze game and wrote her first line of code (代码). The experience left her completely fascinated, planting a seed that would grow into a remarkable journey of technological creativity. Today, at 18, her initial curiosity has evolved into a deep-seated desire to use technology to solve real-world problems. In 2021, she co-developed Megaphone, one of her first apps, to tackle unanswered post-class questions and poor communication about events and announcements. Her problem-solving ability kept building from there. When she took online CPR (心肺复苏术) classes at the start of the pandemic, she found herself struggling with the steps and suspected others faced similar difficulties. So she created an app called CPR Buddy — a winner in the 2022 Apple Swift Challenge — which guides users through CPR using vibrations (震动) to regulate breath. After winning the award, Angelina presented her work to Apple CEO Tim Cook, a highlight in her young career, but one she didn’t lose her cool over. “There’s no point putting people on a pedestal (神坛),” she says. Angelina’s innovation continued with deeply personal projects. Drawing from her experiences as the child of an Asian immigrant family, she created Lilac to assist non-English-speaking parents with housing, jobs, and translation. At 16, while pursuing pilot training, she faced difficulties finding financial support, which led her to develop Pilot Fast Track — a platform that helps those longing to be pilots find scholarships for flight training. Looking to the future, Angelina is applying to colleges like MIT and exploring aerospace cybersecurity. Her schedule leaves little room for typical high school activities, but she has no regrets about her choices. “There’s not enough optimism in the world,” she says. “I have also been in situations in my life where I’ve lost a lot of hope. But in the end, it is a mindset, and there are ways in any situation you’re in to make it somewhat better.” 24. How did Angelina feel after creating her first maze game? A. Relieved. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. D. Inspired. 25. What led Angelina to develop CPR Buddy? A. Her desire to win a competition B. Her dream to meet Tim Cook. C. Her puzzle during an online course. D. Her parents’ suggestion. 26. Angelina’s remark “There’s no point putting people on a pedestal” shows that ______. A. she is confident and reasonable B. she is calm and patient C. she is brave and generous D. she is skillful and concentrated 27. What message does the author want to convey? A. Innovation requires isolation. B. Good planning is the secret to success. C. Language skills determine one’s future. D. Optimism is key to facing difficulties. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Angelina 从小对编程感兴趣，18岁已开发多款解决实际问题的应用，并用自身经历帮助他人。她始终保持理性与乐观，坚持用科技创造价值，未来也将继续追求科技创新。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The experience left her completely fascinated, planting a seed that would grow into a remarkable journey of technological creativity.(这段经历令她完全为之着迷，它播下了种子，从而孕育出一段极具创造性的科技探索之旅)”可知，安吉丽娜在创作出她的第一款迷宫游戏之后感到受到鼓舞。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When she took online CPR (心肺复苏术) classes at the start of the pandemic, she found herself struggling with the steps and suspected others faced similar difficulties.(在疫情初期，她参加了线上心肺复苏术课程。在学习过程中，她发现自己难以掌握相关步骤，并且怀疑其他学员也遇到了类似的问题)”可知，安吉丽娜开发“心肺复苏助手”这款产品的初衷是她在一次在线课程中遇到的困惑。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“After winning the award, Angelina presented her work to Apple CEO Tim Cook, a highlight in her young career, but one she didn’t lose her cool over. “There’s no point putting people on a pedestal (神坛),” she says.(在获奖之后，安吉丽娜将她的作品展示给了苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克，这是她职业生涯中的一个高光时刻，但她并没有因此而失去冷静。“没必要把人捧得那么高，”她说道)”可知，安吉丽娜所说的“没必要把人捧得那么高”这句话表明她既自信又理智。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But in the end, it is a mindset, and there are ways in any situation you’re in to make it somewhat better.(但归根结底，这是一种心态，无论你身处何种境地，总有办法让情况有所改善)”可知，作者想要表达乐观是面对困难的关键。故选D。 C The planarian is nobody’s idea of a genius. With a pinhead-sized brain, it’s nothing more than life as a bottom-feeder. Yet it masters a skill beyond human reach: perfect regeneration. Tear it in half, and its head grows a new tail while its tail grows a new head. In a week, two healthy worms swim away. Biologist Michael Levin studies the way bodies develop from single cells and his research led him to suspect that the intelligence of living things lies outside their brains to a surprising degree. The animal became Levin’s perfect test subject. Planaria naturally avoid uneven surfaces, preferring smooth environments. To study their learning abilities, Levin placed them in dishes with a corrugated bottom and liver puree (浓汤) as a reward in the center. After training, the worms overcame all fear of the rough surface, eagerly crossing it for treats. A control group trained in smooth dishes showed no such adaptation. Then he removed all the worms’ heads, discarded the head ends and waited two weeks while the tail ends regrew new heads. When reintroduced to the ridged dishes with liver, the regenerated worms showed clear behavioral differences: those from the smooth-dish group were hesitant to move, while those that had lived in rough dishes learned to go for the food more quickly. Somehow, despite the total loss of their brains, those planaria had retained the memory of the liver reward: Memory storage occurs in non-neural cells. Building on this, Levin proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis: cells use bioelectricity to process information. Inspired by how computers use electricity to switch their transistors between 0 and 1, he noted that all cells have membrane channels acting as voltage gates (电压门控), enabling current flow—similar to computer transistors. To test this, he altered a planarian’s tail voltage to match its head. When cut, the tail regrew a second head instead of a tail. Subsequent cuttings of these new worms consistently produced two-headed ones, proving that a single voltage change could permanently override genetic instructions. This shows that intelligence exists in brainless life forms, challenging traditional views of cognition. This leads to a profound insight about the evolution of intelligence. As roboticist Josh Bongard puts it, “Brains were one of the most recent inventions of Mother Nature, the thing that came last. It’s clear that the body matters, and then somehow you add neural cognition on top. It’s the cherry on the ice cream sundae. It’s not the sundae.” 28. Why did Levin carry out planarian experiments? A. To test hypotheses against conventional view B. To introduce a new topic for further investigation. C. To evaluate a previously stated conclusion. D. To draw a comparison between different organisms 29. What can we learn from Levin’s experiments? A. Planaria can regenerate their original brain cells to retain memory. B. Information can be stored and processed in body cells. C. Planaria’s regeneration is a result of their adaptation to new environment. D. Learning in planaria involves changes in bioelectric voltage patterns. 30. What can we learn from Bonguard’s words in the last paragraph? A. No intelligence can exist without a brain. B. The body is the foundation upon which neural cognition is built. C. The brain and body work independently of each other. D Brains are the designers that shape an organism’s body. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物学家迈克尔·莱文以涡虫为实验对象，通过实验研究发现细胞能利用生物电处理信息，挑战了传统的认知观点，并对智力进化有了深刻见解。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Biologist Michael Levin studies the way bodies develop from single cells and his research led him to suspect that the intelligence of living things lies outside their brains to a surprising degree. The animal became Levin’s perfect test subject.(生物学家迈克尔·莱文研究身体从单个细胞发育的方式，他的研究使他怀疑生物的智力在很大程度上存在于大脑之外。这种动物成为莱文完美的实验对象)”可知，莱文进行涡虫实验是为了验证与传统观点相悖的假设，即生物智力不完全依赖于大脑。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Somehow, despite the total loss of their brains, those planaria had retained the memory of the liver reward: Memory storage occurs in non-neural cells.(不知何故，尽管完全失去了大脑，那些涡虫仍然保留了对肝脏奖励的记忆：记忆存储发生在非神经细胞中)”以及第五段“Building on this, Levin proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis: cells use bioelectricity to process information.(在此基础上，莱文提出了一个开创性的假设：细胞利用生物电来处理信息)”以及倒数第二段“This shows that intelligence exists in brainless life forms, challenging traditional views of cognition.(这表明，智力存在于无大脑的生命形态中，对传统的认知观念构成了挑战。”可知，信息可以在身体细胞中存储和处理。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Brains were one of the most recent inventions of Mother Nature, the thing that came last. It’s clear that the body matters, and then somehow you add neural cognition on top. It’s the cherry on the ice cream sundae. It’s not the sundae.(大脑是大自然最新的发明之一，是最后出现的东西。很明显，身体很重要，然后在某种程度上你在其上添加了神经认知。它就像圣代冰淇淋上的樱桃。它不是圣代本身。）”可知，身体是神经认知建立的基础。故选B项。 D Few things delight children, or irritate their parents, as much as screen time. Parents nag their children to put down their digital devices and pick up a book or a football. Some countries are banning social media for under-16s. The worry may be focused on the wrong age group. Now a new generation of grandparents are adding to their screen time with smartphones, iPads and game consoles. The result is epic screen sessions, which take up more than half of their waking hours. The digitization of old age is a good thing. Facebook and WhatsApp bring daily updates from old friends and faraway grandchildren. Zoom transports church, book clubs and doctors’appointments into the home. Older people are also insulated (使隔离) from some of the on-screen risks that threaten teenagers. They have already formed their key real-life relationships, and so are less in danger of the “social stunting” that screen-obsessed children supposedly suffer. Yet as retirement moves online there will be costs that society must address. Older folks’ devices are usually connected to credit cards. Door-to-door cheat can now go iPad-to-iPad. Older people also appear to be more likely susceptible to online scam which artificial intelligence promises to make still more convincing. As older generations shift from spending their time in front of Fox or the BBC to spending it on YouTube or TikTok, they are entering a Wild West of information. Screen time has a mixed impact on loneliness. Screens are companions for the isolated. But they can also be an alternative for real life. E-commerce removes the trouble of the weekly shopping trip — but also the social interactions that come with it. Balancing the pros and cons of screen use is easier for teenagers, whose time online is limited by teachers during the day and parents in the evening. Older folk lack these informal mediators (调停者). Old people’s rocketing screen time should at least make for a more measured debate on digital matters. Generations do not always understand each other well. There is a long history of policymakers calling for bans on teenagers, from rock ‘n’ roll to violent video games. When the teenagers catches on more widely, the panic tends to die down. Universal use of smart-phones and social media should make it easier to have sensible conversations about their trade-offs. And when children are told for the hundredth time to get off their phones, they can cast a meaningful glance at grandpa in the corner, chuckling at the latest memes on WhatsApp. 31. By mentioning the two generations’ screen time, the author intends to ______. A highlight an issue B. evaluate an event C. clarify a goal D. illustrate an approach 32. What does the underlined phrase “susceptible to” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Tolerant to. B. Awakened by. C. Tricked by. D. Relevant to. 33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Each generation tends to self-limit their own screen time strictly. B. Society has promoted seniors’ digital benefits to prevent panic. C. Digital policy should primarily target seniors’ online safety risks. D. The digital engagement across ages calls for balanced discussions. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Square-eyed Elders B. All-thumbs Seniors C. Self-taught Silver Surfers D. Leisure-seeking Grandparents 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们以往只担心孩子沉迷屏幕，如今老年人的屏幕时长也大幅增加。老年人上网虽便利社交、减少孤独，但也面临诈骗、信息混乱等问题。这一现象提醒社会应理性、全面地讨论不同年龄段的数字使用问题。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Few things delight children, or irritate their parents, as much as screen time. Parents nag their children to put down their digital devices and pick up a book or a football. Some countries are banning social media for under-16s.(没有什么事情能像屏幕使用时间这样既让孩子们感到开心，又让他们的父母感到烦恼。家长们会不停地叮嘱孩子们放下电子设备，拿起一本书或者一个足球。一些国家甚至禁止16岁以下的青少年使用社交媒体)”以及第二段“The worry may be focused on the wrong age group. Now a new generation of grandparents are adding to their screen time with smartphones, iPads and game consoles. The result is epic screen sessions, which take up more than half of their waking hours.(这种担忧或许针对的年龄段并不准确。如今，新一代的祖父母们也开始使用智能手机、iPad和游戏机来增加自己的屏幕使用时间。结果就是他们每天的屏幕使用时间超过了清醒时间的一半)”可知，通过提及两代人的屏幕使用时间，作者意在强调一个问题。故选A。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Older people also appear to be more likely susceptible to online scam which artificial intelligence promises to make still more convincing.(老年人似乎也更容易susceptible to网络诈骗，而人工智能技术则有望让这类诈骗变得更加具有迷惑性)”可知，后文提到人工智能技术让这类诈骗变得更加具有迷惑性，说明老年人容易被骗。故划线词意思是“易受骗的”。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Old people’s rocketing screen time should at least make for a more measured debate on digital matters.(老年人大幅增加的屏幕使用时间至少应该促使我们对数字化问题展开更为审慎的讨论)”可知，不同年龄段的数字互动需要进行平衡的讨论。故选D。 34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The worry may be focused on the wrong age group. Now a new generation of grandparents are adding to their screen time with smartphones, iPads and game consoles. The result is epic screen sessions, which take up more than half of their waking hours.(这种担忧或许针对的年龄段并不准确。如今，新一代的祖父母们也开始使用智能手机、iPad 和游戏机来增加自己的屏幕使用时间。结果就是他们每天的屏幕使用时间超过了清醒时间的一半)”结合文章主要说明了人们以往只担心孩子沉迷屏幕，如今老年人的屏幕时长也大幅增加。老年人上网虽便利社交、减少孤独，但也面临诈骗、信息混乱等问题。这一现象提醒社会应理性、全面地讨论不同年龄段的数字使用问题。可知，A选项“整天盯着屏幕的老年人”最符合文章标题。故选A。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Laziness is defined as being unwilling to work or to put in effort. When someone lives with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they often get assigned this tag. ____35____ But what if it wasn’t laziness but just friction — difficulty in starting or completing tasks due to inner barriers? The first barrier is cognitive (认知的) load. Studies show that ADHD individuals have more difficulties switching tasks. Things like planning or organizing are also impaired. In an ADHD mind, something as simple as doing the dishes or sending an email may feel difficult, because everything feels important, and at the same time, nothing does. Eventually, these tasks, to-do lists, and constant reminders that stuff isn’t being done accumulate, creating noise in the background and taking more and more cognitive space in your brain ____36____ A second challenge is sensory distractions. Every second, your brain filters (过滤) out information that it deems irrelevant and keeps what you’re concentrating on. ADHD brains don’t work like that. In other words, a lot more noise passes through that initial filter, and you are left to deal with a lot more information than anyone else — hence, the distraction. ____37____ Internally, your system is struggling to keep up with the constant flow of information, like a computer that freezes because there are too many tabs (网页标签) open. ____38____ A recent study has shown that the greater motivator for individuals with ADHD was “anything that makes time go fast.” In other words, they seldom are motivated by long-term results; instead, they need either short-term rewards or to do things that feel rewarding in the moment. What all these elements create in everyday tasks is friction. For ADHD individuals, life often feels like trying to swim against a current. ____39____ If you find yourself in ADHD paralysis, accept that whatever you need to do is not going to get done, and take the active decision to rest instead, without guilt or judgment. A. Another barrier is reward imbalance. B. Separating noise from signal is an effort in itself. C. It takes effort just to stay afloat, let alone move forward. D. From the outside, it can look like you are being slow, nervous, or rude. E. After all, they miss deadlines, avoid chores, or struggle to get started on tasks. F. Even for people without ADHD, this way of functioning is sometimes a struggle. G. Over time, this leads to deep feelings of guilt, which can result in depression or anxiety. 【答案】35. E 36. G 37. B 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章探讨了多动症（ADHD）患者常被误解为“懒惰”的现象，解释了他们在启动和完成任务时遇到困难的真正原因。 【35题详解】 根据上文“When someone lives with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they often get assigned this tag.(当一个人患有多动症时，他们常常被贴上这个标签)”以及下文“But what if it wasn’t laziness but just friction—difficulty in starting or completing tasks due to inner barriers?(但如果这并非懒惰，而只是心理阻力呢？ 也就是因为内心障碍，导致难以开始或完成任务)”可知，空格处需要说明为什么人们会把多动症当成懒惰。E选项“After all, they miss deadlines, avoid chores, or struggle to get started on tasks.(毕竟，他们会错过截止日期、逃避杂务，或者很难开始任务)”解释了外界误解的原因，承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Eventually, these tasks, to-do lists, and constant reminders that stuff isn’t being done accumulate, creating noise in the background and taking more and more cognitive space in your brain.(最终，这些任务、待办清单和不断提醒事情没做完的声音不断累积，制造背景噪音，占据你大脑越来越多的认知空间)”可知，空格处需要说明这种长期压力带来的后果。G选项“Over time, this leads to deep feelings of guilt, which can result in depression or anxiety.(久而久之，这会带来深深的愧疚感，进而导致抑郁或焦虑)”承接上文，说明认知过载的负面影响，符合语境。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“In other words, a lot more noise passes through that initial filter, and you are left to deal with a lot more information than anyone else — hence, the distraction.(换句话说，更多的噪音会通过最初的过滤，你不得不处理比别人多得多的信息，因此就会分心)”可知，空格处需要继续说明处理这些信息有多难。B选项“Separating noise from signal is an effort in itself.(把噪音和有效信息区分开来本身就需要巨大努力)”承接上文，解释感官干扰带来的困难，符合语境。故选B项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“A recent study has shown that the greater motivator for individuals with ADHD was “anything that makes time go fast.” In other words, they seldom are motivated by long-term results; instead, they need either short-term rewards or to do things that feel rewarding in the moment.(最近一项研究表明，对多动症患者来说，更强的动力来源是任何能让时间过得快的事物。 换句话说，他们很少被长期结果所激励；相反，他们需要短期回报，或是去做那些当下就能带来满足感的事情)”可知，本段讲的是动机与奖励问题。A选项“Another barrier is reward imbalance.（另一个障碍是奖励机制失衡）”能准确概括本段主旨，适合作为本段主题句，符合语境。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“For ADHD individuals, life often feels like trying to swim against a current.(对多动症患者来说，生活常常感觉就像逆流游泳)”可知，空格处需要继续用比喻说明这种艰难。C选项“It takes effort just to stay afloat, let alone move forward.(仅仅是浮在水面上就需要耗费力气，更别说前进了)”承接上文的比喻，生动描述了多动症患者的艰难处境，符合语境。故选C项。 第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 I had tried several things to be happier, like playing video games on my phone, scrolling short videos and avoiding doing my homework. But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret. But the moment I put my phone down, I didn’t feel good. I regretted wasting my time. I lost focus and started craving (强烈渴望) that instant pleasure again. And because of that, I couldn’t get any work done. And if I stopped, I’d feel restless and unhappy. Either way, it was hard. The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death. Today, the world is much safer. But the human brain hasn’t changed much. That’s why, if you don’t resist, the brain chooses the easiest paths to solve problems. So, if you want to achieve anything worthwhile, you need to override your brain’s default (默认的) setting and do uncomfortable things in the short term. In fact, doing hard things is one of the most powerful skills you can build. It can make your life exciting, meaningful, and free. It can change everything. It’s backed by science. There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks. aMCC is seen to generate willpower and resilience. When you do more hard things, it boosts your aMCC, which further increases your ability to stay disciplined and achieve your daily goals. Now, the first thing I do every day is something that feels uncomfortable — I’ve been waking up at 4 AM almost daily for the last two years. And it’s hard. But it does something magical. It makes me super disciplined and productive for the rest of the day. I feel more capable of tackling tasks that need deep focus. We must all suffer from one of two pains: the pain of discipline or the pain of regret. The difference is discipline weighs ounces while regret weighs tons. 40. How did the easy things make the author feel? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the human brain like to avoid hard things? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. As for hard things, what can you learn from the article? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. They brought the author short-term pleasure but long-term regret. 41. Because it was essential for survival. In the wild, ancestors faced life-threatening situations if they made wrong moves while dealing with hard things. 42. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. Explanation: The passage clearly states that when we do challenging things, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) grows. So, doing hard things increases rather than reduces the size of aMCC. 43. Doing hard things builds willpower and discipline making life more meaningful. We should embrace them to better ourselves and reach our goals. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要论述简单的事情只能带来短暂愉悦却伴有长期懊悔，阐述大脑倾向逃避难事的原因，并强调做难事对个人成长的重要意义。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret.(但这些轻松的事没有一件能让我真正开心。它们只是以长期的懊悔为代价，给我带来了短期的愉悦)”可知，那些容易的事情让作者感受到短期的快乐，但伴随着长期的遗憾。故填They brought the author short-term pleasure but long-term regret. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death.(人类的大脑喜欢避开困难的事情。为什么呢？因为这对生存来说是必要的。当我们的祖先生活在野外时，他们必须狩猎、寻找食物、与对手搏斗以及躲避天敌。一步走错，结果就可能是死亡)”可知，人类大脑喜欢避开困难的事情是因为这对生存来说是必要的，祖先在野外时，错误的行动可能导致死亡。故填Because it was essential for survival. In the wild, ancestors faced life - threatening situations if they made wrong moves while dealing with hard things. 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks.(有一个叫做前扣带皮层（aMCC）的大脑区域。当我们做自己不喜欢的事情时，它的尺寸会变大。研究发现，肥胖人群的aMCC较小，运动员的aMCC较大，并且当我们做有挑战性的事情时它会增长。而当我们避开那些有挑战性的事情时，aMCC会缩小)”可知，我们做有挑战性的事情时aMCC）会增长。故填Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. Explanation: The passage clearly states that when we do challenging things, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) grows. So, doing hard things increases rather than reduces the size of aMCC. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。我们应该明白，做困难的事情有利于我们的成长。它能增强我们的意志力，让生活更有意义，因此我们应该积极拥抱挑战。故填We should understand that doing hard things is good for our growth. It can strengthen our willpower and make our lives more meaningful, so we should actively embrace them. 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是某中学高二学生李华。二十一世纪英文报正在以“Lessons from a personal challenge”为主题进行征文。请你参加征文活动，征文内容包括： 1. 所遇问题和解决过程； 2. 感悟。 注意：词数80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear editor, I’m Li Hua, a Senior Two student. I used to be extremely afraid of public speaking. My hands would shake and I could hardly speak clearly when standing in front of the class. To overcome this fear, I made a detailed plan. I practiced my speeches repeatedly every day and volunteered to speak in class as often as possible. Slowly, I became more relaxed and confident. This challenge taught me that we should face difficulties bravely instead of giving up. Every small effort counts, and we can always become better versions of ourselves through hard work and persistence. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Lessons from a personal challenge”为主题写一篇短文，说明所遇问题和解决过程以及感悟。 【详解】1.词汇积累 几乎不：hardly→barely 面对：face→confront 克服：overcome→get over 重要：count→matter 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To overcome this fear, I made a detailed plan. 拓展句：I made a detailed plan so that I could overcome this fear. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To overcome this fear, I made a detailed plan.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】My hands would shake and I could hardly speak clearly when standing in front of the class.（运用了状语从句的省略） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Lost Jacket In 1993 Jed Mottley seemed to be living every high schooler’s dream. As a star athlete at Chaparral High, he excelled in football, soccer, and running track. Yet his bright smile masked a(n) ____1____ reality: Jed’s mother worked three jobs to support her sons, but bills piled up constantly. To Jed, a letterman jacket was more than just clothing — it was a symbol of ____2____ and belonging. He remembered designing it with his mother, proudly choosing the bright red color for his passion and gold letters for his honor. His mother’s eyes shone with pride, though he now ____3____ she must have been worrying about the cost. When the jacket was ready months later, the price was too high. “We’ll come back to the shop next month,” his mother said softly. Jed nodded, trying to ____4____ his disappointment. But they never returned. As graduation approached, Jed would walk past the shop, catching glimpses of other students wearing their jackets. Each sight felt like a small ____5____, though he understood his mother’s situation. Years passed. Jed became a musician, and his mother passed away. The ____6____ of the jacket slowly faded. Then one ordinary day, his brother Josh called. “I think I ____7____ your jacket,” he said, voice full of excitement. In a small second-hand store, a bright red sleeve caught his eye. There it was — it felt like receiving a ____8____ from his mother across time. Jed ran his fingers over his name, which bridged years of silence and ____9____. The jacket whispered that love outlasts struggle, and some dreams, though ____10____, find their way home. 1. A. new B. future C. tough D. uncertain 2. A. dream B. profession C. freedom D. friendship 3. A. expected B. forgot C. doubted D. realized 4. A. express B. hide C. deepen D. record 5. A. comfort B. defeat C. reward D. surprise 6. A. design B. history C. memory D. value 7. A. came across B. turned off C. handed in D. aimed at 8. A. lesson B. letter C. gift D. warning 9. A. longing B. ignoring C. searching D. worrying 10. A. shared B. recycled C. exhausted D. delayed 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Most weekends after chores, I walk the hillside with my neighbor Joy to watch fresh snow. It’s ____11____(peace), especially when snowflakes swirl slowly. Joy loves catching snow crystals and tracing deer prints. When Joy runs ahead, I hear her gloves brushing softly against the snow. I sometimes shout her back, worried that she might get someone ____12____ (knock) over. The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Joy, and the beautiful white hill. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When was the last time a joke saved your day ____14____ (good) than any advice? Maybe this morning a friend’s funny words ____15____ (turn) your bad mood into a smile. By the time you laughed you had already forgotten your worry. Seeing humour is like opening a free gift. Some jokes are short, some need a second, but all can heal. Remember: problems shrink (变小) fast when laughter ____16____ (share). C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When ____17____ (pick) a career, we follow passion, not fear. Yet recent data show AI ____18____ (take) over roughly 8% of junior posts in areas like graphics, writing and coding—about 1.3 million openings gone over the past year. To stay wanted, we can act early: learn to steer AI tools instead of competing with them, and train for roles ____19____ need on-site care, quick judgment or fresh ideas. These steps help us plan ____20____ care. After all, our future should not be lost to machines. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Principal Anderson, I am writing to propose an after-school video-gaming club at Highpoint Middle School. I believe it can add value to next year’s program. I have asked Ms Rodriguez, our school counselor, to serve as supervisor. She will check every game for content and age level. I will act as the first president and will work hard to keep the plan on track. Some fear that games pull students away from other interests. Yet the key is balance, not the game itself. Our athletes and band members practice far more than the one hour a week we request. A single sixty-minute session after school would sill leave time for homework and sports. The cost of equipment is also under control. The owner of a local thrift shop has offered several used computers and old consoles. A second store gives free games to schools in need. Many students are willing to bring their own devices. No school funds would be required. Research shows that fast-paced games can improve eye-hand control and quick decision-making. These skills help in math and science classes. To support grades, we will require all members to pass every class. Those who fall behind will receive study help instead of club time until their work is back on track. Finally, the club would give many students a shared space for a hobby they already enjoy. It would serve the same role as chess or soccer: a place to learn, leada nd belong. I would welcome the chance to meet and discuss timing, parent forms and room use. Thank you for your time and thought. Sincerely, Alex Ayers 21. What is the main purpose of the letter? A. To ask the school to buy new computers. B. To start an after-school gaming club. C. To invite the principal to a lecture. D. To report different clubs’ duties. 22. Which source of equipment is mentioned by Alex? A School tech budget. B. Student Union’s funds. C. Two thrift-store donations. D. Parents’ collection. 23. Alex believes the “pass-every-class” rule will ______. A. increase homework loads B. push students to keep grades up C. cut Ms Rodriguez’s work D. limit members to top students B The spark of innovation first caught fire in Angelina Tsuboi’s life in a second-grade classroom, where she programmed a simple maze game and wrote her first line of code (代码). The experience left her completely fascinated, planting a seed that would grow into a remarkable journey of technological creativity. Today, at 18, her initial curiosity has evolved into a deep-seated desire to use technology to solve real-world problems. In 2021, she co-developed Megaphone, one of her first apps, to tackle unanswered post-class questions and poor communication about events and announcements. Her problem-solving ability kept building from there. When she took online CPR (心肺复苏术) classes at the start of the pandemic, she found herself struggling with the steps and suspected others faced similar difficulties. So she created an app called CPR Buddy — a winner in the 2022 Apple Swift Challenge — which guides users through CPR using vibrations (震动) to regulate breath. After winning the award, Angelina presented her work to Apple CEO Tim Cook, a highlight in her young career, but one she didn’t lose her cool over. “There’s no point putting people on a pedestal (神坛),” she says. Angelina’s innovation continued with deeply personal projects. Drawing from her experiences as the child of an Asian immigrant family, she created Lilac to assist non-English-speaking parents with housing, jobs, and translation. At 16, while pursuing pilot training, she faced difficulties finding financial support, which led her to develop Pilot Fast Track — a platform that helps those longing to be pilots find scholarships for flight training. Looking to the future, Angelina is applying to colleges like MIT and exploring aerospace cybersecurity. Her schedule leaves little room for typical high school activities, but she has no regrets about her choices. “There’s not enough optimism in the world,” she says. “I have also been in situations in my life where I’ve lost a lot of hope. But in the end, it is a mindset, and there are ways in any situation you’re in to make it somewhat better.” 24 How did Angelina feel after creating her first maze game? A. Relieved. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. D. Inspired. 25. What led Angelina to develop CPR Buddy? A. Her desire to win a competition B. Her dream to meet Tim Cook. C Her puzzle during an online course. D. Her parents’ suggestion. 26. Angelina’s remark “There’s no point putting people on a pedestal” shows that ______. A. she is confident and reasonable B. she is calm and patient C. she is brave and generous D. she is skillful and concentrated 27. What message does the author want to convey? A. Innovation requires isolation. B. Good planning is the secret to success. C. Language skills determine one’s future. D. Optimism is key to facing difficulties. C The planarian is nobody’s idea of a genius. With a pinhead-sized brain, it’s nothing more than life as a bottom-feeder. Yet it masters a skill beyond human reach: perfect regeneration. Tear it in half, and its head grows a new tail while its tail grows a new head. In a week, two healthy worms swim away. Biologist Michael Levin studies the way bodies develop from single cells and his research led him to suspect that the intelligence of living things lies outside their brains to a surprising degree. The animal became Levin’s perfect test subject. Planaria naturally avoid uneven surfaces, preferring smooth environments. To study their learning abilities, Levin placed them in dishes with a corrugated bottom and liver puree (浓汤) as a reward in the center. After training, the worms overcame all fear of the rough surface, eagerly crossing it for treats. A control group trained in smooth dishes showed no such adaptation. Then he removed all the worms’ heads, discarded the head ends and waited two weeks while the tail ends regrew new heads. When reintroduced to the ridged dishes with liver, the regenerated worms showed clear behavioral differences: those from the smooth-dish group were hesitant to move, while those that had lived in rough dishes learned to go for the food more quickly. Somehow, despite the total loss of their brains, those planaria had retained the memory of the liver reward: Memory storage occurs in non-neural cells. Building on this, Levin proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis: cells use bioelectricity to process information. Inspired by how computers use electricity to switch their transistors between 0 and 1, he noted that all cells have membrane channels acting as voltage gates (电压门控), enabling current flow—similar to computer transistors. To test this, he altered a planarian’s tail voltage to match its head. When cut, the tail regrew a second head instead of a tail. Subsequent cuttings of these new worms consistently produced two-headed ones, proving that a single voltage change could permanently override genetic instructions. This shows that intelligence exists in brainless life forms, challenging traditional views of cognition. This leads to a profound insight about the evolution of intelligence. As roboticist Josh Bongard puts it, “Brains were one of the most recent inventions of Mother Nature, the thing that came last. It’s clear that the body matters, and then somehow you add neural cognition on top. It’s the cherry on the ice cream sundae. It’s not the sundae.” 28. Why did Levin carry out planarian experiments? A. To test hypotheses against conventional view B. To introduce a new topic for further investigation. C. To evaluate a previously stated conclusion. D. To draw a comparison between different organisms 29. What can we learn from Levin’s experiments? A. Planaria can regenerate their original brain cells to retain memory. B. Information can be stored and processed in body cells. C. Planaria’s regeneration is a result of their adaptation to new environment. D. Learning in planaria involves changes in bioelectric voltage patterns. 30. What can we learn from Bonguard’s words in the last paragraph? A. No intelligence can exist without a brain. B. The body is the foundation upon which neural cognition is built. C. The brain and body work independently of each other. D. Brains are the designers that shape an organism’s body. D Few things delight children, or irritate their parents, as much as screen time. Parents nag their children to put down their digital devices and pick up a book or a football. Some countries are banning social media for under-16s. The worry may be focused on the wrong age group. Now a new generation of grandparents are adding to their screen time with smartphones, iPads and game consoles. The result is epic screen sessions, which take up more than half of their waking hours. The digitization of old age is a good thing. Facebook and WhatsApp bring daily updates from old friends and faraway grandchildren. Zoom transports church, book clubs and doctors’appointments into the home. Older people are also insulated (使隔离) from some of the on-screen risks that threaten teenagers. They have already formed their key real-life relationships, and so are less in danger of the “social stunting” that screen-obsessed children supposedly suffer. Yet as retirement moves online there will be costs that society must address. Older folks’ devices are usually connected to credit cards. Door-to-door cheat can now go iPad-to-iPad. Older people also appear to be more likely susceptible to online scam which artificial intelligence promises to make still more convincing. As older generations shift from spending their time in front of Fox or the BBC to spending it on YouTube or TikTok, they are entering a Wild West of information. Screen time has a mixed impact on loneliness. Screens are companions for the isolated. But they can also be an alternative for real life. E-commerce removes the trouble of the weekly shopping trip — but also the social interactions that come with it. Balancing the pros and cons of screen use is easier for teenagers, whose time online is limited by teachers during the day and parents in the evening. Older folk lack these informal mediators (调停者). Old people’s rocketing screen time should at least make for a more measured debate on digital matters. Generations do not always understand each other well. There is a long history of policymakers calling for bans on teenagers, from rock ‘n’ roll to violent video games. When the teenagers catches on more widely, the panic tends to die down. Universal use of smart-phones and social media should make it easier to have sensible conversations about their trade-offs. And when children are told for the hundredth time to get off their phones, they can cast a meaningful glance at grandpa in the corner, chuckling at the latest memes on WhatsApp. 31. By mentioning the two generations’ screen time, the author intends to ______. A. highlight an issue B. evaluate an event C. clarify a goal D. illustrate an approach 32. What does the underlined phrase “susceptible to” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Tolerant to. B. Awakened by. C. Tricked by. D. Relevant to. 33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Each generation tends to self-limit their own screen time strictly. B. Society has promoted seniors’ digital benefits to prevent panic. C. Digital policy should primarily target seniors’ online safety risks. D. The digital engagement across ages calls for balanced discussions. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Square-eyed Elders B. All-thumbs Seniors C. Self-taught Silver Surfers D. Leisure-seeking Grandparents 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Laziness is defined as being unwilling to work or to put in effort. When someone lives with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they often get assigned this tag. ____35____ But what if it wasn’t laziness but just friction — difficulty in starting or completing tasks due to inner barriers? The first barrier is cognitive (认知的) load. Studies show that ADHD individuals have more difficulties switching tasks. Things like planning or organizing are also impaired. In an ADHD mind, something as simple as doing the dishes or sending an email may feel difficult, because everything feels important, and at the same time, nothing does. Eventually, these tasks, to-do lists, and constant reminders that stuff isn’t being done accumulate, creating noise in the background and taking more and more cognitive space in your brain ____36____ A second challenge is sensory distractions. Every second, your brain filters (过滤) out information that it deems irrelevant and keeps what you’re concentrating on. ADHD brains don’t work like that. In other words, a lot more noise passes through that initial filter, and you are left to deal with a lot more information than anyone else — hence, the distraction. ____37____ Internally, your system is struggling to keep up with the constant flow of information, like a computer that freezes because there are too many tabs (网页标签) open. ____38____ A recent study has shown that the greater motivator for individuals with ADHD was “anything that makes time go fast.” In other words, they seldom are motivated by long-term results; instead, they need either short-term rewards or to do things that feel rewarding in the moment. What all these elements create in everyday tasks is friction. For ADHD individuals, life often feels like trying to swim against a current. ____39____ If you find yourself in ADHD paralysis, accept that whatever you need to do is not going to get done, and take the active decision to rest instead, without guilt or judgment. A. Another barrier is reward imbalance. B. Separating noise from signal is an effort in itself. C. It takes effort just to stay afloat, let alone move forward. D. From the outside, it can look like you are being slow, nervous, or rude. E. After all, they miss deadlines, avoid chores, or struggle to get started on tasks. F. Even for people without ADHD, this way of functioning is sometimes a struggle. G. Over time, this leads to deep feelings of guilt, which can result in depression or anxiety. 第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 I had tried several things to be happier, like playing video games on my phone, scrolling short videos and avoiding doing my homework. But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret. But the moment I put my phone down, I didn’t feel good. I regretted wasting my time. I lost focus and started craving (强烈渴望) that instant pleasure again. And because of that, I couldn’t get any work done. And if I stopped, I’d feel restless and unhappy. Either way, it was hard. The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death. Today, the world is much safer. But the human brain hasn’t changed much. That’s why, if you don’t resist, the brain chooses the easiest paths to solve problems. So, if you want to achieve anything worthwhile, you need to override your brain’s default (默认的) setting and do uncomfortable things in the short term. In fact, doing hard things is one of the most powerful skills you can build. It can make your life exciting, meaningful, and free. It can change everything. It’s backed by science. There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks. aMCC is seen to generate willpower and resilience. When you do more hard things, it boosts your aMCC, which further increases your ability to stay disciplined and achieve your daily goals. Now, the first thing I do every day is something that feels uncomfortable — I’ve been waking up at 4 AM almost daily for the last two years. And it’s hard. But it does something magical. It makes me super disciplined and productive for the rest of the day. I feel more capable of tackling tasks that need deep focus. We must all suffer from one of two pains: the pain of discipline or the pain of regret. The difference is discipline weighs ounces while regret weighs tons. 40. How did the easy things make the author feel? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the human brain like to avoid hard things? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. As for hard things, what can you learn from the article? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是某中学高二学生李华。二十一世纪英文报正在以“Lessons from a personal challenge”为主题进行征文。请你参加征文活动，征文内容包括： 1. 所遇问题和解决过程； 2. 感悟。 注意：词数80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $