Unit 2 Live longer live better 二-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 词汇核心考点精讲 【核心考点专版】 高中·沪教版·选择性必修第四册Unit2 Live longer,,live better?二 单元词汇总览 dismiss/ds'mIsv.不予考虑；摒破；爆裂 *magnificent /maeg'nnfisnt/adj 弃：对.不屑一顾 choke /tfauk/v.(尤指感情激动壮丽的：宏伟的 urgent/'3:d3 nt/adj.紧急的：紧而)说不出话来；使哽咽：（使）*vulnerable/VAInarabl/adj.(身 迫的 室息，噎着 体上或感情上)脆弱的，易受… resign/r'zan/v.辞职：辞去（某debt/det/n.债（务）：欠（账）：伤害的 职务) 借款：欠款：债务 infection/m'fekn/n.感染；传染 sneeze/sni:z/V.打喷嚏 architect/'a:kitekt/n.建筑师 病传染；感染 sink/sklV.(sank,sunk)下沉；forgive /f3'giv/v.(forgave,for-*alert/月'l3t/adj.警惕的：有警 下陷：沉没 given)原谅；宽恕 觉的；戒备的 *smash/snev.打碎；破碎 tension'tenn/n.紧张局势（或bearded/'biadid/adj.留胡须的： oweA/v.归因于；归功于：起关系、状况) 有胡须的 源于 *deterioration/d,tiaria'rerfn/n.bend/bend/v.bent,bent)拐弯： drown/dram/v.淹死：溺死 变坏：恶化：退化 弯曲：（使）倾斜，偏向 *mir aculously mr'raekjolasli/harmony/'ha:mani/n.融洽；和*sigh/sa/v.h.叹气；叹息 adv奇迹般地；不可思议地 睦 hence /hens/adv.因此 explode /ik'splaud/v.爆炸：爆glow /gla/n.暗淡的光 词汇核心考点精讲 1.dismiss/dis'mIs/v.不予考虑；摒弃；对.不屑一顾 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 3个核心义：不予考虑、摒弃、对不屑一顾 ·必记搭配与例句：●dismiss sth.(不予考虑某事)：He dismissed my suggestions as irrelevant 。dismiss sb.from sth.(开除某人：解雇某人)：She was dismissed from her job for being late ●dismiss the idea of doing sth.(打消做某事的念头)：He dismissed the idea of going abroad. ·重点派生词：●dismissal(名词)：the dismissal of workers(工人的解雇) ●dismissive(形容词)：a dismissive attitude(不屑一顾的态度) 2.urgent/'3:d3ant/ad.紧急的：紧迫的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 2个核心义：紧急的、紧迫的 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●be urgent(紧急的)：The situation is urgent. ●an urgent message(紧急消息)：I have an urgent message for you, ●It is urgent that.(.是紧急的)：It is urgent that we finish this task today. ·重点派生词：·urgently(副词)：need help urgently(急需帮助) ●urgency(名词)：the urgency of the problem(问题的紧迫性) 3.resign /rr'zan/v.辞职；辞去（某职务） ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：辞职、辞去（某职务） ·必记搭配与例句：●resign from sth.(从.辞职)：He resigned from the company last week. ●resign as sth.(辞去某职务)：She resigned as manager. ·resign oneself to sth..(听任；顺从)：He resigned himself to his fate. ·重点派生词：·resignation(名词)：hand in one's resignation(递交辞呈) ●resigned(形容词)：a resigned expression(顺从的表情) 4.sink/sk/v.(sak,sunk)下沉；下陷；沉没 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 3个核心义：下沉、下陷、沉没（过去式：sank,过去分词：sk) ·必记搭配与例句：●sink into sth.(陷入.状态)：He sank into a chair, ●sink down(下沉；倒下)：The sun sank down in the west.. ●sink a ship(使船沉没)：The storm sank the boat. ·重点派生词：●sinking(名词)：the sinking of the ship(船的沉没) ●sunk(形容词)：a sunk ship(沉船) 5.smash/sme/v.打碎；破碎 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 2个核心义：打碎、破碎 ·必记搭配与例句：。smash sth.(打碎某物)：He smashed the window with a stone. ●smash into sth.(猛撞某物)：The car smashed into a wall, ●smash up(撞毁；摧毁)：The room was smashed up in the fight. ·重点派生词：●smashing(形容词)：a smashing success(巨大的成功) ●smash(名词)：the smash of glass(玻璃破碎的声音) 6.owe//v.归因于；归功于：起源于 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 3个核心义：归因于、归功于、欠（钱） 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·必记搭配与例句：·owe sth.tosb./sth.(把某事归功于某人/某物)：He owes his success to hard work. ●owe sb.sth.(欠某人某物)：I owe him 100yuan. ·owe it to sb.to do sth.(认为自己有必要为某人做某事)：I owe it to you to tell the truth, ·重点派生词：●owing(形容词)：owing to(由于)：Owing to the rain,.the match was canceled.. ·debt(名词，相关词)：owe a debt(欠债) 7.drown/dran/v.淹死：溺死 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：淹死、溺死、淹没（声音等) ·必记搭配与例句：●drown in sth.（在某物中淹死)：He drowned in the river.. ●drown out sth.(淹没某物的声音)：The noise of the traffic drowned out her voice. ●be drowned(被淹a死)：Three people were drowned in the flood. ·重点派生词：●drowning(名词)：a drowning accident(溺水事故) ●drowned(形容词)：a drowned man(溺水身亡的男子) 8.miraculously/mI'raekjalasli/adv.奇迹般地：不可思议地 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 1个核心义：奇迹般地、不可思议地 ·必记搭配与例句：●miraculously survive(奇迹般地存活)：He miraculously survived the plane crash ●miraculously recover(奇迹般地康复)：She miraculously recovered from her illness ·happen miraculously(奇迹般地发生)：The accident happened miraculously without any injuries. ·重点派生词：●miracle(名词)：a miracle(奇迹)：It's a miracle that they are safe. ●miraculous(形容词)：a miraculous escape(奇迹般的逃脱) 9.explode /ik'splaud/v.爆炸；爆破；爆裂 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 3个核心义：爆炸、爆破、爆发（情绪等） ·必记搭配与例句：●explode into sth.(突然爆发某种情绪)：He exploded into anger ●explode with sth.（充满某种情绪而爆发)：She exploded with laughter. ●a bomb explodes(炸弹爆炸)：The bomb exploded in the street.. ·重点派生词：●explosion(名词)：a gas explosion(煤气爆炸) ·explosive(形容词)：explosive materials(爆炸物)：explosive anger(爆发的愤怒) 10.choke∫ekv.(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来：使哽咽；（使）室息 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 3个核心义：（尤指感情激动而)说不出话来、使哽咽、（使）室息 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●choke on sth.(因某物噎住)：He choked on a fish bone. ·choke up(哽咽)：She choked up when talking about her dead son. 。choke sb.(使某人室息)：The smoke almost choked me. ·重点派生词：·choking(形容词)：a choking smell(令人室息的气味) ·choke（名词)：give a choke(哽咽一下) 11.tension/tenn/n.紧张局势（或关系、状况） ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：紧张局势（或关系、状况） ·必记搭配与例句：●reduce tension(缓解紧张)：We needto reduce tension between the two countries. ●tension between A and B（A和B之间的紧张关系)：There is tension between the two teams.. ·feel tension(感到紧张)：I could feel the tension in the room, ·重点派生词：·tense(形容词)：a tense situation(紧张的局势)：tense muscles(紧张的肌肉) ●tensely(副词)：speak tensely(紧张地说话) 12.deterioration/d,tIari'rer fn/n.变坏；恶化；退化 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：变坏、恶化、退化 ·必记搭配与例句：●deterioration of sth.(某物的恶化)：the deterioration of the environment(环境 的恶化) ●prevent deterioration(防止恶化)：We need to take measures to prevent deterioration. ·a rapid deterioration(迅速恶化)：There has been a rapid deterioration in her health. ·重点派生词：·deteriorate(动词)：His condition deteriorated quickly. ●deteriorating(形容词)：deteriorating relations(日益恶化的关系) 13.ulnerable/VAInarabl/adj.(身体上或感情上)脆弱的、易受.伤害的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 1个核心义：（身体上或感情上)脆弱的、易受伤害的 ·必记搭配与例句：●be vulnerable to sth.(易受某物伤害)：Children are vulnerable to infections. ●ulnerable groups(弱势群体)：We should help vulnerable groups in society. ●feel vulnerable(感到脆弱)：She felt vulnerable after the accident.. ·重点派生词：●ulnerability(名词)：he vulnerability of the elderly(老年人的脆弱性) 14.alert'l3t/adj.警惕的：有警觉的：戒备的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 1个核心义：警惕的、有警觉的、戒备的 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●be alert to sth.(对某物警惕)：We must be alert to the danger.. ·stay alert（保持警惕)：Stay alert when walking alone at night. ●an alert mind(警觉的头脑)：He has an alert mind. ·重点派生词：·alertly(副词)：look around alertly(警觉地环顾四周) 。alet(动词)：alert sb.to sth.(提醒某人注意某事)：I alerted her to the risk. 15.hence /hens/adv.因此 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 1个核心义：因此 ·必记搭配与例句：●hence the need for..(因此需要.)：The situation is urgent,.hence the need for immediate action ●hence the name(因此得名)：It glows in the dark,hence the name”glow-wom”. ●hence the result(因此结果)：He was late,hence the delay. ·重点用法：·正式用语，表示因果关系，相当于therefore或thus 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The manager his secretary from her job because of her frequent mistakes. ·A.resigned ●B.dismissed ●C.owed ·D.exploded 2.It is that we take immediate action to solve the problem. ●A.urgent ·B.alert ●C.ulnerable ●D.niraculous 3.After the argument,she as the team leader and left the company. 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·A.resigned ●B.smashed ●C.drowned ·D.choked 4.The ship quickly after hitting an iceberg,and many passengers fell into the sea. ●A.sank ●B.smashed ·C.exploded ●D.deteriorated 5.He his success to hard work and the support of his family. ·A.dismisses 。B.owes ●C.sinks ·D.chokes 6.The loud music from the party out the sound of the phone ringing. ●A.drowned ·B.smashed 。C.exploded 。D.sank 7.She survived the car crash with only minor injuries. ·A.alertly ●B.hence ●C.miraculously 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 ·D.tensely 8.The bomb in the crowded market,causing great panic. ·A.exploded ·B.smashed ●C.drowned ●D.sank 9.We must stay to the risks of cyber fraud when using online banking. ·A.urgent .B.alert ●C.ulnerable ●D.dismissive 10.The of the environment has become a serious global issue. ·A.dismissal ·B.resignation ●C.deterioration ●D.explosion 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The company announced the (dismiss)of 50 employees due to financial problems. 2.She felt a sense of (resign)when she realized she couldn't change the situation. 3.The (sink)of the Titanic is one of the most famous maritime disasters. 4.Owing to his (miracle)recovery,he was able to return to work within a month 5.The (explode)of the gas pipeline caused a massive fire in the neighborhood. 6.Children are more (vulnerability)to air pollution than adults. 7.The doctor warned that his condition would (deterioration)without proper treatment 3. 三、首字母填空 高中·沪教版 核心考点专版 1.The teacher asked us to be a to the grammar mistakes in our writing. 2.He owes his achievements to his parents'encouragement and his own p 3.The tension between the two countries has led to a rapid d of diplomatic relations. 4.After the heavy rain,the small boat s to the bottom of the lake 5.The old man was found d in the river,and the police are investigating the cause. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3.A4.A5B6.A7.C8.A9B10.C ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.dismissal 2.resignation 3.sinking 4.miraculous 5.explosion 6.vulnerable 7.deteriorate ·三、首字母填空 1.alert 2.persistence 3.deterioration 4.sank 5.drowned