英语二模模拟卷03（上海专用）学易金卷：2026年高考第二次模拟考试

2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷03） 高三英语·参考答案 I．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1.personalized 2. until 3. improving 4. has been applied 5. than 6. What 7. While 8. it 9. if 10. to look Section B 11．G 12．E 13．I 14．B 15．C 16．H 17．K 18．D 19．J 20．A II．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C Section B 36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．C 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B Section C 47．F 48．C 49．B 50．A III．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 【51】The passage explains how language affects children’s interest in science. For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes. However, teens benefit from identity cues (e.g., “future scientist”), as they shape self-concept. Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages. IV. Translation （15%） 【52】The doctor dismissed the initial diagnosis after reviewing the latest lab/test report. 【53】Contrary to my expectations, although he is just a child, he can relate to what I’ve experienced. 【54】In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 【55】The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. V. Guided Writing （25%） Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Ning, a student from Mingqi Middle School currently visiting your school. I am writing to apply to participate in the upcoming Cultural Workshop. I would like to demonstrate the art of Chinese Paper Cutting. The process involves folding a piece of red paper into a triangle and then carefully cutting out intricate patterns using scissors. Finally, I will unfold the paper to reveal a beautiful symmetrical design, such as a Chinese zodiac animal. I believe this activity is highly suitable. Firstly, it is interactive and visually stunning, allowing students to easily engage. Secondly, it represents the wisdom of traditional Chinese culture. I hope to have the opportunity to share this unique skill. Yours, Li Ning 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学易金卷：2026年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷 (上海卷) 答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 条码粘 贴处 缺考标记 注意亲项 ▣ 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚 考生禁止填涂 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方框内。 缺考标记！只能 3. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 由监考老师负 4. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 责用黑色字迹 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 的签字笔填涂。 6 填涂样例正确[■☐]错误【-[√][×] 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1.[A][B][C][D] 6IA][B][C][D] 11.MA][B][CJ[D] 2.[A][B][C[D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8[A][B][C][D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9IA][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 5.[AJ[B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][CJ[D] 16.[AJ[B][CJ[D][E][F]G]21.[A][B][C][DJ 26.[A][B][CJ[DJ 17.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]22.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]23.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]24.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]25.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 31.HA][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B1[C][D] 34.A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B1[C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D] 40.[A][B][C][DJ 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 选词填空（满分10分） 11. 12. 13 14 15. 6 17. 18. 19. 20. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 尖为工贝、共工贝刀 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Summary(满分10分) Translation(满分15分) 1. 2 3 4. Guided writing(满分25分) 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！学易金卷：2026年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷（上海卷） 答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 条码粘贴处 缺考标记 注意事项 ▣ 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚。 考生禁止填涂 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处]的方框内。 缺考标记！只能 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 由监考老师负 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 责用黑色字迹 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 的签字笔填涂。 6. 填涂样例正确[■错误【-][√][×] 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1.[A][B][CI[D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 11.[AJ[B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.IA][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A1[B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C1D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 14.A][B][CJ[D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]21.[A][B][C][D] 26.[AJ[B][C][D] 17.[A1[B][C1[D][E1[F][G]22.[A][B][C][D] 27.IA][B][CJ[D] 18.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]23.[A][B][C1[D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C1[D][E][F][G124.[A][B][C]ID] 29.[A1[B][C][D] 20.[A][B][CJ[DI[E][F][G]25.[A1[B][C1[Dj 30.[A][B][CJ[D] 31.[A][B][CI[D] 36.[A1[B][C]ID] 32.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A1[B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D] 35[A][B][CJ[D] 40.[A1[B][C][Dj 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 选词填空（满分10分） 11 12. 13. 4 15 16 17. 18 20. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Summary(满分10分) Translation(满分15分) 1. 2. 3 4. Guided writing(满分25分) 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语· 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：The Guardian《AI Adaptive Learning: Transforming Classroom Education》 AI adaptive learning, a new educational technology, is changing the way students learn in classrooms around the world. It uses artificial intelligence to analyze students’ learning data and provide 1______ (personalize) learning plans for each student, making learning more efficient and targeted. Unlike traditional teaching methods, AI adaptive learning systems can adjust the learning speed and content according to a student’s learning situation. For example, if a student masters a knowledge point quickly, the system will move on to the next one; if a student has difficulty understanding a point, the system will provide more exercises 2______ he or she masters it. This individual mode is the key to 3______ (improve) learning efficiency for different students. The technology has developed rapidly in the past decade, and it 4______ (apply) in primary and secondary schools in many countries so far. A recent study shows that students who use AI adaptive learning systems have higher exam scores, and they are also more interested in learning 5______ those who don’t use the system. Teachers also benefit a lot from this technology. AI systems can grade students’ homework automatically, which saves teachers a lot of time. Teachers can then use the time to communicate with students face to face, and focus on students with special learning needs. 6______ makes the technology valuable is that it bridges the gap between individual learning needs and collective teaching. 7______ AI adaptive learning has many advantages, it still has some limitations. For example, it cannot replace the emotional communication between teachers and students, and it relies too much on learning data. To make the most of this technology, schools need to combine it with traditional teaching methods, instead of replacing one with the other. Experts say that AI adaptive learning is not a replacement for teachers, but a powerful tool to help them. As AI technology continues to improve, AI adaptive learning systems will become more advanced in the future. They will not only help students learn better, but also help teachers teach better. This educational technology shows that when science and technology are used for good purposes, 8______ can bring great benefits to humans. AI adaptive learning is still in its early stage, but it has a bright future. We believe that 9______ we use it properly, it will transform classroom education and make learning a happier experience for all students. It is a typical example of how science and technology can change education, and it also gives us a new way 10______ (look) at the future of teaching and learning. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） ‘Hidden’ group of gut bacteria may be essential to good health A. vital B. identify C. compound D. interact E. digest F. annually G. diverse H. defence I. recently J. function K. host The human gut is home to a(n) 11________ community of bacteria, often called the gut microbiome, and these tiny organisms play a huge role in keeping our bodies healthy. For years, scientists have known that gut bacteria help to 12 ________ food and absorb nutrients, but new research is uncovering far more complex roles for them in the human body. Luckily, 13 ________ a team of international scientists has managed to 14 ________a previously hidden group of gut bacteria that produces special 15 ________. These substances help the body’s immune system build a strong 16 ________ against harmful viruses and bacteria, according to the study published in a top science journal. Each human 17________ has a unique gut microbiome, and the balance of bacteria in the gut is closely linked to overall health. Even a small change in this balance may lead to mild physical discomfort or serious diseases. The hidden bacteria 18________ with other gut microbes and human cells in a delicate way, and any disruption to this balance can affect the normal 19________ of the immune system and even lead to chronic diseases. Scientists have found that this delicate interaction is hard to rebuild once it is broken. Scientists say these hidden gut bacteria are 20________ to human health, and further research will help us understand how to protect and support them. It is hoped that one day, we can use this knowledge to develop new ways to keep the gut microbiome healthy, rather than just dealing with diseases after they appear. II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 36．What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Confident and open. B．Careful and secretive. C．Quick and careless. D．Bold and enthusiastic. 37．What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A．He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B．He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C．He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D．He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 38．What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A．Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B．Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C．Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D．Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 39．What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A．To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B．To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C．To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D．To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. (B) COOL INVENTIONSBETTER ‘LEATHER’ These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria! Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products, from shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the cows used for leather and meat have room to graze. But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. 3Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose (纤维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of!) 2 The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1 Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped (杆状的) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair! 4A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5 Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6Want it to be colored? A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails!) Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90 percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP? Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years! 40．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to ________. ① produce shoes of better quality              ② improve visual design ③ protect the health of leather workers         ④ reduce environmental pollution A．①③ B．②④ C．③④ D．①④ 41．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather? A．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair. B．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar. C．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather. D．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo. 42．Who is this article most likely intended for? A．Chemistry majors. B．Materials science experts. C．Shoe manufacturers. D．General science readers. (C) Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16- year- olds and one in four 17-19- year- olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively. As 48% of those with a mental health condition first experience relevant symptoms before the age of 18, this increased mental health burden will negatively impact society and the economy, as well as adolescent and adult life. Many have raised concerns that this trend has been caused, at least in part, by increased adolescent social media use, which has revolutionized how adolescents live, learn and interact:93% of 12-17-year-olds now report having a social media profile. To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…” ) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups. However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity. 43．According to the first paragraph, what has happened to adolescents in the last years? A．There’s an increase in their mental health condition. B．15% more 17-19-year-olds have mental issues. C．48% of them have mental health problems. D．Their mental condition has burdened society. 44．The second paragraph is mainly organized by ________ A．comparing historical and modern investigations focusing on social media use. B．presenting the research response to the concerns and its typical findings. C．listing the contributors of teenagers’ declining mental health. D．criticizing the methodologies of certain academic studies. 45．Which of the following is NOT employed by researchers intending to find the link between social media use and its impact on teenagers? A．Gender is counted as a factor. B．Various mental troubles are considered. C．The adolescent samples cover different sectors. D．The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account. 46．It can be inferred from the text that future high-quality research on this topic should prioritize ________ A．ignoring individual differences like age and gender. B．establishing clearer causal links, not just correlations. C．covering a larger sample crossing geographical borders. D．focusing only on a limited number of mental problems. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Renaissance of Repair In our modern “throwaway culture,” when a toaster breaks or a smartphone screen cracks, the typical reaction is often to dispose of it and buy a new one. It seems easier, faster, and sometimes even cheaper than trying to fix it, and advertisements quietly encourage us to see replacement as a sign of progress rather than waste. 47 Electronic waste has become the fastest-growing waste stream in the world, and our growing disconnection from the objects we use has left many of us strangely helpless and dependent when they fail. Fortunately, a counter-movement is rising: the “Right to Repair.” This global trend urges a return to a mindset where fixing things is not just a necessity, but a virtue and even a form of quiet resistance to disposable culture. Proponents argue that repair is about more than just saving money or reducing landfill. 48 When you understand how a machine works well enough to fix it, you move from being a user to being a master of your tools. Matthew Crawford, author of Shop Class as Soulcraft, suggests that this hands-on engagement provides a deep, almost meditative satisfaction that our screen-based lives often lack, precisely because it roots us in the physical world rather than the virtual one. Yet the path to repair is paved with obstacles. Over the last few decades, products have become increasingly sealed off, both physically and digitally. 49 We encounter “tamper-proof” screws, glued-in batteries, and software locks that prevent independent repair shops from working on devices, even when the problem is minor. This strategy, known as “planned obsolescence,” ensures a steady stream of sales but creates a cycle of endless consumption, in which even well-intentioned consumers feel they have little choice but to keep buying. 50 Governments in Europe and parts of the United States are beginning to pass laws that protect the consumer’s right to repair, arguing that true sustainability requires extending a product’s life rather than merely recycling it at the end. This legislative shift forces companies to provide manuals and spare parts. As these barriers fall, we may see a revival of the local repair shop and a shift in how we value our possessions — not for their novelty, but for their longevity, the care invested in them, and the stories they carry across years of use. A．A tangible wave of change, however, is around the corner. B．Manufacturers often make devices hard to open or source parts for. C．It fosters a sense of independence and connection to the material world. D．It transforms us from passive consumers into active problem-solvers. E．Recycling is the only solution to our mounting electronic waste issue. F．However, this comes at a hidden environmental and psychological cost. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all, Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a lifelong love of discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．医生查看最新的化验报告后，推翻了最初的诊断。 (dismiss) 53．与我的预期相反，虽然他只是个孩子，但却能对我的遭遇感同身受。(relate) 54．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) 55．这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．假设你是明启中学的学生李宁，你正在一所英国高中游学，该校拟举办一个中英文化交流活动，名叫Cultural Workshop，介绍并现场演示中国美食、手工艺品或书法。你对这个活动很感兴趣，请你向组织者写一封申请信，信的内容包括： （1）你想演示的项目及演示流程； （2）你申请的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第15页（共16页） 试题 第16页（共16页） 试题 第13页（共16页） 试题 第14页（共16页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语· 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：The Guardian《AI Adaptive Learning: Transforming Classroom Education》 AI adaptive learning, a new educational technology, is changing the way students learn in classrooms around the world. It uses artificial intelligence to analyze students’ learning data and provide 1______ (personalize) learning plans for each student, making learning more efficient and targeted. Unlike traditional teaching methods, AI adaptive learning systems can adjust the learning speed and content according to a student’s learning situation. For example, if a student masters a knowledge point quickly, the system will move on to the next one; if a student has difficulty understanding a point, the system will provide more exercises 2______ he or she masters it. This individual mode is the key to 3______ (improve) learning efficiency for different students. The technology has developed rapidly in the past decade, and it 4______ (apply) in primary and secondary schools in many countries so far. A recent study shows that students who use AI adaptive learning systems have higher exam scores, and they are also more interested in learning 5______ those who don’t use the system. Teachers also benefit a lot from this technology. AI systems can grade students’ homework automatically, which saves teachers a lot of time. Teachers can then use the time to communicate with students face to face, and focus on students with special learning needs. 6______ makes the technology valuable is that it bridges the gap between individual learning needs and collective teaching. 7______ AI adaptive learning has many advantages, it still has some limitations. For example, it cannot replace the emotional communication between teachers and students, and it relies too much on learning data. To make the most of this technology, schools need to combine it with traditional teaching methods, instead of replacing one with the other. Experts say that AI adaptive learning is not a replacement for teachers, but a powerful tool to help them. As AI technology continues to improve, AI adaptive learning systems will become more advanced in the future. They will not only help students learn better, but also help teachers teach better. This educational technology shows that when science and technology are used for good purposes, 8______ can bring great benefits to humans. AI adaptive learning is still in its early stage, but it has a bright future. We believe that 9______ we use it properly, it will transform classroom education and make learning a happier experience for all students. It is a typical example of how science and technology can change education, and it also gives us a new way 10______ (look) at the future of teaching and learning. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） ‘Hidden’ group of gut bacteria may be essential to good health A. vital B. identify C. compound D. interact E. digest F. annually G. diverse H. defence I. recently J. function K. host The human gut is home to a(n) 11________ community of bacteria, often called the gut microbiome, and these tiny organisms play a huge role in keeping our bodies healthy. For years, scientists have known that gut bacteria help to 12 ________ food and absorb nutrients, but new research is uncovering far more complex roles for them in the human body. Luckily, 13 ________ a team of international scientists has managed to 14 ________a previously hidden group of gut bacteria that produces special 15 ________. These substances help the body’s immune system build a strong 16 ________ against harmful viruses and bacteria, according to the study published in a top science journal. Each human 17________ has a unique gut microbiome, and the balance of bacteria in the gut is closely linked to overall health. Even a small change in this balance may lead to mild physical discomfort or serious diseases. The hidden bacteria 18________ with other gut microbes and human cells in a delicate way, and any disruption to this balance can affect the normal 19________ of the immune system and even lead to chronic diseases. Scientists have found that this delicate interaction is hard to rebuild once it is broken. Scientists say these hidden gut bacteria are 20________ to human health, and further research will help us understand how to protect and support them. It is hoped that one day, we can use this knowledge to develop new ways to keep the gut microbiome healthy, rather than just dealing with diseases after they appear. II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 36．What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Confident and open. B．Careful and secretive. C．Quick and careless. D．Bold and enthusiastic. 37．What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A．He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B．He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C．He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D．He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 38．What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A．Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B．Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C．Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D．Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 39．What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A．To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B．To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C．To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D．To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. (B) COOL INVENTIONSBETTER ‘LEATHER’ These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria! Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products, from shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the cows used for leather and meat have room to graze. But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. 3Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose (纤维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of!) 2 The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1 Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped (杆状的) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair! 4A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5 Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6Want it to be colored? A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails!) Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90 percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP? Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years! 40．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to ________. ① produce shoes of better quality              ② improve visual design ③ protect the health of leather workers         ④ reduce environmental pollution A．①③ B．②④ C．③④ D．①④ 41．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather? A．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair. B．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar. C．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather. D．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo. 42．Who is this article most likely intended for? A．Chemistry majors. B．Materials science experts. C．Shoe manufacturers. D．General science readers. (C) Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16- year- olds and one in four 17-19- year- olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively. As 48% of those with a mental health condition first experience relevant symptoms before the age of 18, this increased mental health burden will negatively impact society and the economy, as well as adolescent and adult life. Many have raised concerns that this trend has been caused, at least in part, by increased adolescent social media use, which has revolutionized how adolescents live, learn and interact:93% of 12-17-year-olds now report having a social media profile. To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…” ) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups. However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity. 43．According to the first paragraph, what has happened to adolescents in the last years? A．There’s an increase in their mental health condition. B．15% more 17-19-year-olds have mental issues. C．48% of them have mental health problems. D．Their mental condition has burdened society. 44．The second paragraph is mainly organized by ________ A．comparing historical and modern investigations focusing on social media use. B．presenting the research response to the concerns and its typical findings. C．listing the contributors of teenagers’ declining mental health. D．criticizing the methodologies of certain academic studies. 45．Which of the following is NOT employed by researchers intending to find the link between social media use and its impact on teenagers? A．Gender is counted as a factor. B．Various mental troubles are considered. C．The adolescent samples cover different sectors. D．The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account. 46．It can be inferred from the text that future high-quality research on this topic should prioritize ________ A．ignoring individual differences like age and gender. B．establishing clearer causal links, not just correlations. C．covering a larger sample crossing geographical borders. D．focusing only on a limited number of mental problems. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Renaissance of Repair In our modern “throwaway culture,” when a toaster breaks or a smartphone screen cracks, the typical reaction is often to dispose of it and buy a new one. It seems easier, faster, and sometimes even cheaper than trying to fix it, and advertisements quietly encourage us to see replacement as a sign of progress rather than waste. 47 Electronic waste has become the fastest-growing waste stream in the world, and our growing disconnection from the objects we use has left many of us strangely helpless and dependent when they fail. Fortunately, a counter-movement is rising: the “Right to Repair.” This global trend urges a return to a mindset where fixing things is not just a necessity, but a virtue and even a form of quiet resistance to disposable culture. Proponents argue that repair is about more than just saving money or reducing landfill. 48 When you understand how a machine works well enough to fix it, you move from being a user to being a master of your tools. Matthew Crawford, author of Shop Class as Soulcraft, suggests that this hands-on engagement provides a deep, almost meditative satisfaction that our screen-based lives often lack, precisely because it roots us in the physical world rather than the virtual one. Yet the path to repair is paved with obstacles. Over the last few decades, products have become increasingly sealed off, both physically and digitally. 49 We encounter “tamper-proof” screws, glued-in batteries, and software locks that prevent independent repair shops from working on devices, even when the problem is minor. This strategy, known as “planned obsolescence,” ensures a steady stream of sales but creates a cycle of endless consumption, in which even well-intentioned consumers feel they have little choice but to keep buying. 50 Governments in Europe and parts of the United States are beginning to pass laws that protect the consumer’s right to repair, arguing that true sustainability requires extending a product’s life rather than merely recycling it at the end. This legislative shift forces companies to provide manuals and spare parts. As these barriers fall, we may see a revival of the local repair shop and a shift in how we value our possessions — not for their novelty, but for their longevity, the care invested in them, and the stories they carry across years of use. A．A tangible wave of change, however, is around the corner. B．Manufacturers often make devices hard to open or source parts for. C．It fosters a sense of independence and connection to the material world. D．It transforms us from passive consumers into active problem-solvers. E．Recycling is the only solution to our mounting electronic waste issue. F．However, this comes at a hidden environmental and psychological cost. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all, Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a lifelong love of discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．医生查看最新的化验报告后，推翻了最初的诊断。 (dismiss) 53．与我的预期相反，虽然他只是个孩子，但却能对我的遭遇感同身受。(relate) 54．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) 55．这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．假设你是明启中学的学生李宁，你正在一所英国高中游学，该校拟举办一个中英文化交流活动，名叫Cultural Workshop，介绍并现场演示中国美食、手工艺品或书法。你对这个活动很感兴趣，请你向组织者写一封申请信，信的内容包括： （1）你想演示的项目及演示流程； （2）你申请的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第12页，共13页 试卷第1页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语·全解全析 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：The Guardian《AI Adaptive Learning: Transforming Classroom Education》 AI adaptive learning, a new educational technology, is changing the way students learn in classrooms around the world. It uses artificial intelligence to analyze students’ learning data and provide 1______ (personalize) learning plans for each student, making learning more efficient and targeted. Unlike traditional teaching methods, AI adaptive learning systems can adjust the learning speed and content according to a student’s learning situation. For example, if a student masters a knowledge point quickly, the system will move on to the next one; if a student has difficulty understanding a point, the system will provide more exercises 2______ he or she masters it. This individual mode is the key to 3______ (improve) learning efficiency for different students. The technology has developed rapidly in the past decade, and it 4______ (apply) in primary and secondary schools in many countries so far. A recent study shows that students who use AI adaptive learning systems have higher exam scores, and they are also more interested in learning 5______ those who don’t use the system. Teachers also benefit a lot from this technology. AI systems can grade students’ homework automatically, which saves teachers a lot of time. Teachers can then use the time to communicate with students face to face, and focus on students with special learning needs. 6______ makes the technology valuable is that it bridges the gap between individual learning needs and collective teaching. 7______ AI adaptive learning has many advantages, it still has some limitations. For example, it cannot replace the emotional communication between teachers and students, and it relies too much on learning data. To make the most of this technology, schools need to combine it with traditional teaching methods, instead of replacing one with the other. Experts say that AI adaptive learning is not a replacement for teachers, but a powerful tool to help them. As AI technology continues to improve, AI adaptive learning systems will become more advanced in the future. They will not only help students learn better, but also help teachers teach better. This educational technology shows that when science and technology are used for good purposes, 8______ can bring great benefits to humans. AI adaptive learning is still in its early stage, but it has a bright future. We believe that 9______ we use it properly, it will transform classroom education and make learning a happier experience for all students. It is a typical example of how science and technology can change education, and it also gives us a new way 10______ (look) at the future of teaching and learning. 【答案】 1.personalized 2. until 3. improving 4. has been applied 5. than 6. What 7. While 8. it 9. if 10. to look 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能自适应学习技术的工作原理、发展现状和核心优势，该技术通过分析学生学习数据提供个性化学习方案，大幅提升学习效率，同时也指出其无法替代师生情感交流的局限性。文章最后阐明，人工智能自适应学习是科技赋能教育的典型代表，为未来教与学提供了新视角。 1．考查非谓语动词（过去分词）。句意：人工智能自适应学习是一种新型教育技术，正在改变世界各地学生的课堂学习方式，它利用人工智能分析学生的学习数据，为每位学生提供个性化的学习计划，让学习更高效、更具针对性。设空处作定语修饰名词 learning plans，personalize 与 learning plans 之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作定语。故填 personalized。 2．考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果学生快速掌握了一个知识点，系统就会进入下一个；如果学生难以理解一个知识点，系统会提供更多的练习，直到他 / 她掌握为止。设空处引导时间状语从句，意为 “直到…… 为止”，用 until 引导。故填 until。 3．考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：这种个性化模式是提升不同学生学习效率的关键。设空处作介词 to 的宾语，用动名词形式，the key to doing sth. 意为 “做某事的关键”。故填 improving。 4．考查动词的语态。句意：这项技术在过去十年中发展迅速，到目前为止已在许多国家的中小学得到应用。根据时间状语 so far 可知用现在完成时，主语 it 与 apply 之间为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填 has been applied。 5．考查比较连词。句意：最近的一项研究表明，使用人工智能自适应学习系统的学生考试成绩更高，而且他们对学习的兴趣也比不使用该系统的学生更浓厚。设空处连接比较对象，表 “比”，用连词 than。故填 than。 6．考查主语从句。句意：这项技术的价值在于，它弥补了个性化学习需求与集体教学之间的差距。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表 “…… 的事情”，用连接代词 What 引导，句首首字母大写。故填 What。 7．考查状语从句。句意：虽然人工智能自适应学习有很多优点，但它仍然存在一些局限性。设空处引导让步状语从句，意为 “虽然、尽管”，用 While 引导，句首首字母大写。故填 While。 8．考查代词。句意：这项教育技术表明，当科学技术被用于有益的目的时，它能给人类带来巨大的益处。设空处作主语，指代前文的 science and technology，用代词 it。故填 it。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：我们相信，如果我们正确使用它，它将改变课堂教育，让学习成为所有学生更快乐的经历。设空处引导宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语，从句表条件，用 if 引导。故填 if。 10．考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意：它是科技改变教育的典型例子，也为我们看待未来的教与学提供了一种新方式。设空处作后置定语修饰名词 a new way，用不定式形式，a way to do sth. 意为 “做某事的方法”。故填 to look。 考点分布（无任何重复） 时态（现在完成时，隐含于 has developed）、被动语态（现在完成时被动）、非谓语（过去分词 + 动名词 + 不定式，类型不重复）、三大从句（时间状语从句 + 主语从句，类型不重复）、代词、比较连词、宾语从句、让步状语从句 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） ‘Hidden’ group of gut bacteria may be essential to good health A. vital B. identify C. compound D. interact E. digest F. annually G. diverse H. defence I. recently J. function K. host The human gut is home to a(n) 11________ community of bacteria, often called the gut microbiome, and these tiny organisms play a huge role in keeping our bodies healthy. For years, scientists have known that gut bacteria help to 12 ________ food and absorb nutrients, but new research is uncovering far more complex roles for them in the human body. Luckily, 13 ________ a team of international scientists has managed to 14 ________a previously hidden group of gut bacteria that produces special 15 ________. These substances help the body’s immune system build a strong 16 ________ against harmful viruses and bacteria, according to the study published in a top science journal. Each human 17________ has a unique gut microbiome, and the balance of bacteria in the gut is closely linked to overall health. Even a small change in this balance may lead to mild physical discomfort or serious diseases. The hidden bacteria 18________ with other gut microbes and human cells in a delicate way, and any disruption to this balance can affect the normal 19________ of the immune system and even lead to chronic diseases. Scientists have found that this delicate interaction is hard to rebuild once it is broken. Scientists say these hidden gut bacteria are 20________ to human health, and further research will help us understand how to protect and support them. It is hoped that one day, we can use this knowledge to develop new ways to keep the gut microbiome healthy, rather than just dealing with diseases after they appear. 【答案】 11．G 12．E 13．I 14．B 15．C 16．H 17．K 18．D 19．J 20．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕人类肠道细菌展开，介绍了肠道微生物群的多样性及其基本消化功能，重点阐述了科学家新近发现的一类隐藏肠道细菌的作用 —— 其产生的化合物能增强人体免疫系统的防御能力，且这类细菌对人体健康至关重要。 11．G（diverse） 考查：形容词作定语。 句意：人类肠道是多种多样的细菌群落的家园，这些细菌常被称为肠道微生物群，而这些微小的生物体在维持我们身体健康方面发挥着巨大作用。 解析：空格修饰名词 community，需填形容词，diverse 表示 “多样的、形形色色的”，贴合肠道细菌种类繁多的客观科学事实，搭配合理。 12．E（digest） 考查：动词固定搭配。 句意：多年来，科学家们已经知道肠道细菌有助于消化食物和吸收营养，但新的研究正揭示出它们在人体中更为复杂的作用。 解析：固定搭配 help to do sth.，空格需填动词原形，digest 表示 “消化、分解”，与 food 搭配，是肠道细菌的基本生理功能，语义通顺。 13．I（recently） 考查：副词作状语。 句意：最近，一个国际科学家团队成功发现了一类此前未被发现的肠道细菌，这类细菌能产生特殊的化合物。 解析：空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需填副词，recently 表示 “最近、近来”，贴合 “新研究发现” 的时间背景，符合说明文的时间表述习惯。 14．B（identify） 考查：动词固定搭配。 句意：最近，一个国际科学家团队成功发现了一类此前未被发现的肠道细菌，这类细菌能产生特殊的化合物。 解析：固定搭配 manage to do sth.，空格需填动词原形，identify 表示 “发现、识别”，与 a previously hidden group of gut bacteria 搭配，贴合科研发现的语境。 15．C（compound） 考查：名词作宾语。 句意：最近，一个国际科学家团队成功发现了一类此前未被发现的肠道细菌，这类细菌能产生特殊的化合物。 解析：形容词 special 后接名词，compound 表示 “化合物、复合物”，用复数形式贴合细菌产生多种特殊化合物的科学事实，语义连贯。 16．H（defence） 考查：名词作宾语 + 固定搭配。 句意：据发表在顶级科学期刊上的这项研究称，这些化合物有助于人体免疫系统建立强大的防御体系，抵御有害的病毒和细菌。 解析：形容词 strong 后接名词，defence 表示 “防御、防护”，固定搭配 a defence against 意为 “抵御…… 的防御”，是高考高频搭配，贴合免疫系统的功能属性。 17．K（host） 考查：名词作主语 + 熟词僻义。 句意：每个人类宿主都有独特的肠道微生物群，肠道内的细菌平衡与整体健康密切相关。 解析：形容词 human 后接名词，host 常见义为 “主人、主持人”，此处为生物语境的熟词僻义 “宿主、寄主”，指作为细菌寄主的人类，贴合生物学说明语境。 18．D（interact） 考查：动词作谓语 + 固定搭配。 句意：这些隐藏的细菌与其他肠道微生物和人体细胞以微妙的方式相互作用，这种平衡的任何破坏都会影响免疫系统的正常功能，甚至引发慢性疾病。 解析：句子主语为 bacteria，复数形式，空格需填动词原形作谓语，固定搭配 interact with 意为 “与…… 相互作用”，贴合细菌与细胞、微生物的共生关系。 19．J（function） 考查：名词作宾语。 句意：这些隐藏的细菌与其他肠道微生物和人体细胞以微妙的方式相互作用，这种平衡的任何破坏都会影响免疫系统的正常功能，甚至引发慢性疾病。 解析：形容词 normal 后接名词，function 表示 “功能、作用”，与 the immune system 搭配，表 “免疫系统的功能”，贴合语境且为科学说明文常用词。 20．A（vital） 考查：形容词作表语 + 固定搭配。 句意：科学家表示，这些隐藏的肠道细菌对人体健康至关重要，进一步的研究将帮助我们了解如何保护和扶持它们。 解析：系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，固定搭配 be vital to 意为 “对…… 至关重要”，是高考高频考点，贴合全文对隐藏肠道细菌重要性的阐述。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章以现代人普遍经历的“周日焦虑”为切入点，探讨了人类社会从原始平等、低压力生活向现代竞争性、未来导向型社会演变过程中所引发的心理冲突与精神困境。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情绪凸显了现代社会两种心态之间的冲突：一种是以结果为导向的“生产模式”，另一种是允许真正放松的“休闲模式”。A. harmony和谐；B. conflict冲突；C. distinction区别；D. exchange交换。根据后文“the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation”可知，一种是以结果为导向的“生产模式”，另一种是允许真正放松的“休闲模式”，这两种心态是冲突的。故选B。 22．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：要理解这种现代焦虑，我们可以以南部非洲的朱胡阿希人这样的狩猎采集社会为例进行分析。A. anxiety焦虑；B. crisis危机；C. feature特征；D. boredom无聊。根据前文“Many people experience the “Sunday scaries,” the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers.”可知，前文提到提到现代社会出现的“周日焦虑”，故此处用非洲南部狩猎采集来解释这场现代焦虑。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的习俗积极抑制地位竞争。A. promoted促进；B. ignored忽视；C. discouraged阻止、抑制；D. recorded记录。根据后文“when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless.” They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality.”可知，后文举例说明部落会刻意贬低猎人的成就以维持平等，其习俗是为了抑制竞争。故选C。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当猎人带着大型猎物归来时，部落不会对他大加赞扬。A. On the contrary相反；B. As a result结果；C. By rule按规定；D. For example例如。根据后文“when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless.” They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality.”可知，后文通过具体事例说明前文提出的“抑制竞争”的观点，为举例关系。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工作只是满足即时需求的手段，而非无止境积累的途径。A. immediate立即的、直接的；B. personal个人的；C. tailored定制的；D. increasing增长的。根据后文“not a path to endless accumulation”可知，后文强调原始社会不追求“无止境积累”，即工作只为满足当下生存需求，也就是满足即时需求。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过烹饪食物，火解放了时间和能量，推动了人类创造性大脑的发育。A. fueled推动、助长；B. blocked阻碍；C. limited限制；D. denied否认。根据前文“By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy”可知，火解放了时间和能量，因此火的使用促进了人类进化，推动了人类创造性大脑的发育。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随后的文明，尤其是农业革命和工业革命之后，从根本上重塑了我们与工作和时间的关系。A. simplified简化；B. preserved保存；C. reshaped重塑；D. forgotten遗忘。根据后文“Two major shifts occurred.”可知，后文提到农业和工业革命带来两大转变，强调这种关系被“重塑”。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，专业化取代了可互换的角色。A. craftsmanship工艺；B. specialization专业化；C. automation自动化；D. advancement进步。根据后文“In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay”可知，不同工作需要特定技能，故现代社会需要专业化，故专业化取代了可互换的角色。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在现代经济中，不同工作需要特定技能并获得不等报酬，形成了竞争文化。A. equity公平；B. belonging归属感；C. authenticity真实性；D. competition竞争。根据前文“different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay”可知，不同工作需要特定技能并获得不等报酬，因此就带来了竞争文化。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，我们变得面向未来。A. backward-looking向后看；B. outward-going外向的；C. future-oriented面向未来的；D. progress-minded进步思维的。根据后文“Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead.”可知，农业周期和金融体系要求提前规划，因此现代社会的我们变得以未来为导向。故选C。 31．考查短语词义辨析。句意：虽然这种驱动力带来了巨大的物质进步，却也让我们持续处于规划和奋斗的状态，难以做到全然活在当下。A. physically active身体活跃；B. fully present全然活在当下；C. truly motivated真正有动力；D. highly efficient高效。根据前文“Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades.”可知，农业周期和金融体系要求“提前规划”，教育回报“延迟数十年”，这导致人们总在规划未来，因此难以专注于当下。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，休闲变成了需要主动保护的事物。A. withdrawal撤退；B. transformation转变；C. protection保护；D. discussion讨论。根据前文“While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to .”可知，人们总在规划未来，因此难以专注于当下，因此休闲需要被刻意保护。故选C。 33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“周日焦虑”象征着这种内心冲突：我们的休闲心智在对抗那个不断衡量效率和未来成果的生产力思维。A. struggles against对抗；B. cooperates with合作；C. subscribes to赞同；D. relies on依赖。根据前文“The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash”可知，周日焦虑象征着这种内心冲突，即我们的休闲心智与生产力思维之间的对抗。故选A。 34．考查名词短语辨析。句意：从远古历史中获得的启示不是放弃进步，而是认识到其心理代价。A. material benefit物质利益；B. psychological cost心理代价；C. social value社会价值；D. physical price身体代价。根据前文“Many people experience the “Sunday scaries,” the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers.”可知，全文聚焦现代人心理压力、焦虑及内心冲突，且“Sunday scaries”本身属于心理现象，故在进步过程中，应该认识到其心理代价。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的幸福或许需要我们有意识地设计一种生活：让工作服务于需求而不完全定义我们的价值，同时将休闲保留为一个不可或缺的“存在”空间，而非“作为”空间。A. instrumental工具性的；B. negotiable可协商的；C. essential不可或缺的；D. inaccessible难以企及的。根据前文“leisure becomes something that requires active .”可知，前文强调休闲需被“保护”，且应与功利性目的分离，此处呼应休闲的根本价值——它是健康生活必不可少的组成部分。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 36．What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Confident and open. B．Careful and secretive. C．Quick and careless. D．Bold and enthusiastic. 37．What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A．He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B．He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C．He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D．He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 38．What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A．Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B．Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C．Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D．Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 39．What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A．To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B．To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C．To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D．To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者陪伴爱园艺的妻子多年却不识花卉，决心学习后闹出趣事，仍坚持探索植物世界的经历。 36．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs.(我不想把这件事闹大，所以没有让弗朗西斯卡给我速成课。但我确实开始小心翼翼地打听，还偷偷翻看她的种子目录。)”可知，作者不想让妻子发现自己在学习识别花卉，因此打听的方式是小心且隐秘的，discreet在此处表示“小心的、秘密的”，与“careful and secretive”含义一致。故选B项。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons.(但我最终还是取得了突破，现在已经能认出蜀葵和杜鹃花了。)”和第五段中的“But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was.(但我有了一个令人震惊的发现。我意识到自己只能认出妻子花园里的花，因为我记住了每一种植物的位置。)”可知，作者所谓的识别花卉的突破，只是记住了自家花园里植物的位置，并非真正能认出花卉本身。故选C项。 38．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. (为自己辩解的是，尽管弗朗西斯卡和我一起看了半个世纪的橄榄球和棒球，她仍然不能完全理解安全突袭规则和内野高飞球规则。)”可知，作者用妻子看了多年球类运动却不懂相关规则的事，类比自己陪伴妻子多年却不识花卉的情况，说明妻子在体育方面的困扰和自己在植物方面的困扰是一样的。故选C项。 39．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea.(尽管我已经与弗朗西斯卡相伴50年，也从1993年起就欣赏着这座花园的绚烂美景，却依然认不出各种花卉。像郁金香、玫瑰这类辨识度高的花我还能分清，可要是让我区分雏菊和黑心金光菊，我就彻底一头雾水了。)”以及第四段中的“I was not an overnight success.(我并非一朝一夕就学有所成。)”和第五段中的“I still confuse it with lavender.(我至今还会把它和薰衣草弄混。)”并结合作者学习识别花卉时的小心举动、发现自己只是记位置的尴尬，以及仍决心坚持学习的想法可知，作者以幽默的笔触讲述了自己在识别植物过程中的种种困难和趣事，为了分享这段有趣的经历。故选D项。 (B) COOL INVENTIONSBETTER ‘LEATHER’ These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria! Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products, from shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the cows used for leather and meat have room to graze. But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. 3Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose (纤维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of!) 2 The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1 Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped (杆状的) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair! 4A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5 Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6Want it to be colored? A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails!) Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90 percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP? Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years! 40．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to ________. ① produce shoes of better quality              ② improve visual design ③ protect the health of leather workers         ④ reduce environmental pollution A．①③ B．②④ C．③④ D．①④ 41．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather? A．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair. B．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar. C．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather. D．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo. 42．Who is this article most likely intended for? A．Chemistry majors. B．Materials science experts. C．Shoe manufacturers. D．General science readers. 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一种利用细菌和食物残渣培育“生物皮革”来制作鞋子的创新技术，旨在减少污染和保护工人健康，并简述了其制作流程及环保意义。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick.(但用于保存动物皮张的这些化学物质对环境有害。这些化学物质会污染附近的水源和空气，还会使制革工人患病)”可知，这种由细菌培育而成的鞋子是为保护皮革工人的健康和减少环境污染而研发的。故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据步骤五“Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather.(接下来，该团队清洗了这些物质，并以葵花籽为基础的配方处理它，使材料变得柔软和坚固——类似于传统的皮革)”可知，C选项“经过特殊处理后，这种材料能够拥有与真皮革相似的质地”正确。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据HOW CAN YOU HELP?部分“Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends.(别把损坏的鞋子扔掉！而是把它们送到鞋修补店去修复。鞋子已经不合脚了？那就和朋友们举办一场衣物交换活动吧)”以及文章标题为“COOL INVENTIONS(酷发明)”可知，文章内容通俗易懂，配有步骤图示，并在最后呼吁读者如何环保，属于科普类文章。由此推知，这篇文章最有可能是写给普通科学读者的。故选D。 (C) Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16- year- olds and one in four 17-19- year- olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively. As 48% of those with a mental health condition first experience relevant symptoms before the age of 18, this increased mental health burden will negatively impact society and the economy, as well as adolescent and adult life. Many have raised concerns that this trend has been caused, at least in part, by increased adolescent social media use, which has revolutionized how adolescents live, learn and interact:93% of 12-17-year-olds now report having a social media profile. To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…” ) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups. However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity. 43．According to the first paragraph, what has happened to adolescents in the last years? A．There’s an increase in their mental health condition. B．15% more 17-19-year-olds have mental issues. C．48% of them have mental health problems. D．Their mental condition has burdened society. 44．The second paragraph is mainly organized by ________ A．comparing historical and modern investigations focusing on social media use. B．presenting the research response to the concerns and its typical findings. C．listing the contributors of teenagers’ declining mental health. D．criticizing the methodologies of certain academic studies. 45．Which of the following is NOT employed by researchers intending to find the link between social media use and its impact on teenagers? A．Gender is counted as a factor. B．Various mental troubles are considered. C．The adolescent samples cover different sectors. D．The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account. 46．It can be inferred from the text that future high-quality research on this topic should prioritize ________ A．ignoring individual differences like age and gender. B．establishing clearer causal links, not just correlations. C．covering a larger sample crossing geographical borders. D．focusing only on a limited number of mental problems. 【答案】43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕青少年心理健康状况下降这一现象展开，介绍了社交媒体使用与青少年心理健康之间的关联研究，包括相关担忧、研究发现以及学界对研究结论的争议。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16-year-olds and one in four 17-19-year-olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively.(过去十年间，全球青少年的心理健康状况有所下降。英国最新数据显示，6分之一的7-16岁青少年和4分之一的17-19岁青少年可能存在心理健康问题，相比2017年分别记录的9分之一和10分之一，有明显上升)”可知，近年来青少年中存在心理健康问题的人数有所增加。故选A项。 44．推理判断题。根据第二段中“To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…”) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups.(为应对这些担忧，近年来有关社交媒体使用与青少年心理健康的学术研究已大幅增加。研究团队从中小学、高校中，或是从范围更广的社区样本里选取青少年作为研究对象，旨在探究智能手机及社交媒体使用时间的增加，与抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调等各类心理健康症状的问卷得分之间存在的横向和纵向关联。这些研究大多发现二者存在微弱的正相关关系。部分研究者据此认为，社交媒体的使用与青少年心理健康状况的下滑之间存在因果联系（即 “屏幕使用时间，尤其是社交媒体使用时间，对少女心理健康产生的影响可能大于少男，而我们的研究也确实发现，社交媒体使用与抑郁症状之间存在显著的相关性……”）。这类观点进而被用来呼吁出台限制性政策法规，对青少年群体的智能手机和社交媒体使用行为加以约束。)”可知，该段首先提出“为应对担忧开展研究”，接着介绍研究的对象、目的、主要发现，最后说明研究发现带来的观点和政策呼吁，整体是“提出研究回应担忧—介绍研究情况—呈现研究发现及影响”的逻辑。故选B项。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples(研究团队招募了学校、大学以及更广泛的社区样本中的青少年群体)”可知，样本涵盖不同领域，C项“青少年样本涵盖不同领域”被采用；根据“identify cross-sectional and longitudinal links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms(确定智能手机或社交媒体使用增加与抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调和其他心理健康症状问卷得分之间的横向和纵向关联)”可知，考虑了多种心理问题，B项“各种心理问题被考虑在内”被采用；根据第三段中的“disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity(在如何处理存在的重大个体差异方面存在分歧，这些差异与年龄、性别和种族等因素有关)”可知，性别是被考虑的因素之一，A项“性别被视为一个因素”被采用；选项D“The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account.(青少年的学业成绩被考虑在内)”未提及，该项未被采用。故选D项。 46．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity.(然而，许多研究人员也对现有证据体系的可信度提出了质疑，并强调现有研究无法证实社交媒体的使用与心理健康之间存在因果关联。事实上，相关文献中存在诸多相互矛盾的研究结果。研究人员不仅针对目前缺乏纵向研究证据和因果关系证据的问题展开了争论，对于如何处理研究中存在的显著个体差异也存在分歧，而这些个体差异与年龄、性别、种族等因素相关)”可知，当前研究的核心问题是“缺乏明确的因果证据”，仅存在相关性，且结果矛盾。由此可推断，未来高质量的研究应优先解决这一问题，即建立更清晰的因果联系，而非仅停留在相关性层面。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Renaissance of Repair In our modern “throwaway culture,” when a toaster breaks or a smartphone screen cracks, the typical reaction is often to dispose of it and buy a new one. It seems easier, faster, and sometimes even cheaper than trying to fix it, and advertisements quietly encourage us to see replacement as a sign of progress rather than waste. 47 Electronic waste has become the fastest-growing waste stream in the world, and our growing disconnection from the objects we use has left many of us strangely helpless and dependent when they fail. Fortunately, a counter-movement is rising: the “Right to Repair.” This global trend urges a return to a mindset where fixing things is not just a necessity, but a virtue and even a form of quiet resistance to disposable culture. Proponents argue that repair is about more than just saving money or reducing landfill. 48 When you understand how a machine works well enough to fix it, you move from being a user to being a master of your tools. Matthew Crawford, author of Shop Class as Soulcraft, suggests that this hands-on engagement provides a deep, almost meditative satisfaction that our screen-based lives often lack, precisely because it roots us in the physical world rather than the virtual one. Yet the path to repair is paved with obstacles. Over the last few decades, products have become increasingly sealed off, both physically and digitally. 49 We encounter “tamper-proof” screws, glued-in batteries, and software locks that prevent independent repair shops from working on devices, even when the problem is minor. This strategy, known as “planned obsolescence,” ensures a steady stream of sales but creates a cycle of endless consumption, in which even well-intentioned consumers feel they have little choice but to keep buying. 50 Governments in Europe and parts of the United States are beginning to pass laws that protect the consumer’s right to repair, arguing that true sustainability requires extending a product’s life rather than merely recycling it at the end. This legislative shift forces companies to provide manuals and spare parts. As these barriers fall, we may see a revival of the local repair shop and a shift in how we value our possessions — not for their novelty, but for their longevity, the care invested in them, and the stories they carry across years of use. A．A tangible wave of change, however, is around the corner. B．Manufacturers often make devices hard to open or source parts for. C．It fosters a sense of independence and connection to the material world. D．It transforms us from passive consumers into active problem-solvers. E．Recycling is the only solution to our mounting electronic waste issue. F．However, this comes at a hidden environmental and psychological cost. 【答案】47．F 48．C 49．B 50．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要批判现代社会盛行的“丢弃文化”，倡导通过“维修权”运动复兴维修实践，以应对电子垃圾危机、重建人与物的联结，并推动可持续的生活方式。 47．根据空前“In our modern “throwaway culture,” when a toaster breaks or a smartphone screen cracks, the typical reaction is often to dispose of it and buy a new one. It seems easier, faster, and sometimes even cheaper than trying to fix it, and advertisements quietly encourage us to see replacement as a sign of progress rather than waste.(在我们现代的“丢弃文化”中，当烤面包机坏了或智能手机屏幕裂了，典型的反应通常是扔掉它，买个新的。这似乎比修理更容易、更快捷，有时甚至更便宜。广告也在悄悄鼓励我们将更换视为进步的标志，而非浪费。)”和空后“Electronic waste has become the fastest-growing waste stream in the world, and our growing disconnection from the objects we use has left many of us strangely helpless and dependent when they fail.(电子垃圾已成为全球增长最快的废物流，而我们与所用物品日益脱节，导致许多人在物品损坏时陷入一种奇怪的无奈与依赖状态。)”可知，空前描述了人们倾向于丢弃并购买新物品的现象，以及广告如何塑造这种观念，空后则提出电子垃圾和人与物品脱节，故本空需要承上启下，指出这种行为的负面影响，故F项“然而，这种行为带来了隐蔽的环境和心理代价。”符合，引出后文关于电子垃圾和人与物品脱节的论述。F选项中的“this”指代前文描述的“throwaway culture”，且“environmental and psychological cost”直接对应后文“electronic waste”和“helpless and dependent”等内容。故选F项。 48．根据空前“Proponents argue that repair is about more than just saving money or reducing landfill.(支持者认为，维修的意义远不止省钱或减少垃圾填埋。)”和空后“When you understand how a machine works well enough to fix it, you move from being a user to being a master of your tools. Matthew Crawford, author of Shop Class as Soulcraft, suggests that this hands-on engagement provides a deep, almost meditative satisfaction that our screen-based lives often lack, precisely because it roots us in the physical world rather than the virtual one.(当你足够了解一台机器的工作原理并能修复它时，你就从使用者转变为了工具的主人。《摩托修理店的未来工作哲学》一书的作者Matthew Crawford提出，这种亲自动手的参与能提供一种屏幕生活往往缺乏的、近乎冥思的深刻满足感，正是因为它将我们扎根于物质世界，而非虚拟世界。)”可知，前一句提出“维修的意义不止于省钱或减少垃圾”，后文则具体描述维修如何让人从“使用者”转变为“工具的主人”，并提到动手实践带来的满足感。故本空需要进一步阐释维修的深层价值，C项“它既能培养一种独立感，也能让人重新与物质世界建立联系。”符合，强调其带来的精神与认知层面的益处。且选项中“independence and connection to the material world”与后文“master of your tools”“roots us in the physical world”形成直接呼应。故选C项。 49．根据空前“Over the last few decades, products have become increasingly sealed off, both physically and digitally.(过去几十年，产品在物理和数字层面都变得越来越封闭。)”和空后“We encounter “tamper-proof” screws, glued-in batteries, and software locks that prevent independent repair shops from working on devices, even when the problem is minor.(我们遇到了“防拆解”螺丝、胶封电池以及阻止独立维修店处理设备的软件锁——即使问题很小。)”可知，空前提出“产品在物理和数字层面日益封闭”，空后紧接着列举“防拆螺丝”“胶封电池”“软件锁”等例子，故本空需要具体说明这种“封闭”的表现形式。故B项“制造商常使设备难以打开或获取零件。”符合，概括制造商的行为。故选B项。 50．根据空后“Governments in Europe and parts of the United States are beginning to pass laws that protect the consumer’s right to repair, arguing that true sustainability requires extending a product’s life rather than merely recycling it at the end.(欧洲和美国部分地区的政府开始通过法律保护消费者的维修权，认为真正的可持续性在于延长产品的使用寿命，而非仅仅在其寿命终结时回收。)”可知，空后提出欧洲和美国部分地区的政府开始通过法律来鼓励修复电子产品，且前一段主要描述维修面临的障碍，因此，本空需要转折，从“问题”过渡到“解决方案或转变”。故A项“然而，一股切实的变革浪潮即将来临。”符合，并预示变革的到来。故选A项。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all, Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a lifelong love of discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage explains how language affects children’s interest in science. For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes. However, teens benefit from identity cues (e.g., “future scientist”), as they shape self-concept. Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说语言如何影响儿童对科学的兴趣。对于年幼的孩子来说，注重动作的表述方式（例如：“让我们来做科学实验”）比身份标签（例如：“你是个科学家”）更有效，因为后者可能会让不符合这种刻板印象的孩子感到被排斥。然而，青少年则受益于身份提示（例如：“未来的科学家”），因为它们有助于塑造自我认知。两种方法的平衡能够使不同年龄段的人保持对科学的兴趣。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. ②Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. ③So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. ④By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分述。 3.遣词造句 The passage explains how language affects children’s interest in science. For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes. However, teens benefit from identity cues (e.g., “future scientist”), as they shape self-concept. Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文和第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．医生查看最新的化验报告后，推翻了最初的诊断。 (dismiss) 【答案】The doctor dismissed the initial diagnosis after reviewing the latest lab/test report. 【详解】考查动词、时态和介词短语。主语“医生”用the doctor，谓语“推翻”用动词dismiss，这里表示过去的动作，用一般过去时态dismissed，宾语“最初的诊断”用the initial diagnosis，“查看最新的化验报告后”作时间状语，用介词短语after reviewing the latest lab/test report。综上，全句译为：The doctor dismissed the initial diagnosis after reviewing the latest lab/test report. 53．与我的预期相反，虽然他只是个孩子，但却能对我的遭遇感同身受。(relate) 【答案】Contrary to my expectations, although he is just a child, he can relate to what I’ve experienced. 【详解】考查固定短语和从句以及时态。“与……相反”表达为Contrary to，“我的预期”即my expectations，“虽然”是although，引导让步状语从句。“对……感同身受”用relate to，what I’ve experienced为宾语从句，表示过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，作relate to的宾语，表示“我所遭遇的事情” 。句子描述一般情况，主从句都用一般现在时。故译为Contrary to my expectations, although he is just a child, he can relate to what I’ve experienced. 54．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) 【答案】In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致，祈使句和固定短语。“万一”是in case，其后跟that引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，可省略that，“电梯”是the elevator，“出故障”是be out of order，主语elevator是单数，be动词用is，“请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修”用祈使句，动词用原形，“发出警告”是give a warning，“并且”是and，“安排某人做某事”是arrange for sb. to do sth.，“机械师”是a mechanic，“维修”是repair，用it指代the elevator，作repair的宾语，因此整句话翻译为“In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it”。故答案为In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 55．这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) 【答案】The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。此处主语“这座拥有百年历史的图书馆”可用the century-old library，或用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose history spans over a century；表示“坐落于市中心”短语为be located in the city center，可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose location is in the city center，或用过去分词作状语；表示“馆藏丰富”可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose collection is extensive，或翻译为have an extensive collection/ a rich collection；表示“读者”为复数名词readers；表示“可以”应用can；表示“找到”可用动词find，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“各种”短语为a variety of；表示“珍贵的书籍”为precious/rare books。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here./The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here./Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．假设你是明启中学的学生李宁，你正在一所英国高中游学，该校拟举办一个中英文化交流活动，名叫Cultural Workshop，介绍并现场演示中国美食、手工艺品或书法。你对这个活动很感兴趣，请你向组织者写一封申请信，信的内容包括： （1）你想演示的项目及演示流程； （2）你申请的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Ning, a student from Mingqi Middle School currently visiting your school. I am writing to apply to participate in the upcoming Cultural Workshop. I would like to demonstrate the art of Chinese Paper Cutting. The process involves folding a piece of red paper into a triangle and then carefully cutting out intricate patterns using scissors. Finally, I will unfold the paper to reveal a beautiful symmetrical design, such as a Chinese zodiac animal. I believe this activity is highly suitable. Firstly, it is interactive and visually stunning, allowing students to easily engage. Secondly, it represents the wisdom of traditional Chinese culture. I hope to have the opportunity to share this unique skill. Yours, Li Ning 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向组织者写一封申请信，申请参加一个名叫Cultural Workshop的中英文化交流活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：participate in→attend 相信：believe→hold the belief 智慧：wisdom→wit 惊人的：stunning→shocking 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：I believe this activity is highly suitable. 拓展句：I hold the belief that this activity is highly suitable. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe this activity is highly suitable.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Firstly, it is interactive and visually stunning, allowing students to easily engage.（运用了现在分词allowing作状语） 试卷第24页，共27页 试卷第25页，共27页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $