英语二模模拟卷01（上海专用）学易金卷：2026年高考第二次模拟考试

学易金卷：2026年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷 (上海卷) 答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 条码粘 贴处 缺考标记 注意亲项 ▣ 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚 考生禁止填涂 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方框内。 缺考标记！只能 3. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 由监考老师负 4. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 责用黑色字迹 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 的签字笔填涂。 6 填涂样例正确[■☐]错误【-[√][×] 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1.[A][B][C][D] 6IA][B][C][D] 11.MA][B][CJ[D] 2.[A][B][C[D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8[A][B][C][D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9IA][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 5.[AJ[B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][CJ[D] 16.[AJ[B][CJ[D][E][F]G]21.[A][B][C][DJ 26.[A][B][CJ[DJ 17.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]22.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]23.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]24.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]25.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 31.HA][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B1[C][D] 34.A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B1[C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D] 40.[A][B][C][DJ 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 选词填空（满分10分） 11. 12. 13 14 15. 6 17. 18. 19. 20. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 尖为工贝、共工贝刀 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Summary(满分10分) Translation(满分15分) 1. 2 3 4. Guided writing(满分25分) 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！学易金卷：2026年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷（上海卷） 答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 条码粘贴处 缺考标记 注意事项 ▣ 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚。 考生禁止填涂 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处]的方框内。 缺考标记！只能 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 由监考老师负 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 责用黑色字迹 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 的签字笔填涂。 6. 填涂样例正确[■错误【-][√][×] 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1.[A][B][CI[D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 11.[AJ[B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.IA][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A1[B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C1D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 14.A][B][CJ[D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]21.[A][B][C][D] 26.[AJ[B][C][D] 17.[A1[B][C1[D][E1[F][G]22.[A][B][C][D] 27.IA][B][CJ[D] 18.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]23.[A][B][C1[D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C1[D][E][F][G124.[A][B][C]ID] 29.[A1[B][C][D] 20.[A][B][CJ[DI[E][F][G]25.[A1[B][C1[Dj 30.[A][B][CJ[D] 31.[A][B][CI[D] 36.[A1[B][C]ID] 32.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A1[B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D] 35[A][B][CJ[D] 40.[A1[B][C][Dj 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 选词填空（满分10分） 11 12. 13. 4 15 16 17. 18 20. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Summary(满分10分) Translation(满分15分) 1. 2. 3 4. Guided writing(满分25分) 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语· 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：VOA Learning English《A Man Rescued a Fox and Found a Lifelong Companion》 In a quiet mountain village, Mr. Reed, a forest keeper, found a baby fox 1______ had lost its mother in a heavy storm last winter. The fox, only a few weeks old, was hiding under a bush, and Mr. Reed 2______ (never see) such a weak wild animal in his life before he found it. He knew 3______ (leave) it alone would mean death, so he took it home without a second thought. 4______ is not easy to raise a wild fox, but Mr. Reed tried his best to create a natural environment for it. He named the fox Lucky and fed it with fresh milk every two hours, even at midnight. He also built a small wooden house in the yard 5______ ______ Lucky could have a safe place to sleep on cold nights. As Lucky grew up, it became 6______ (clever) than any other animal in the village, able to understand Mr. Reed’s simple orders. One day, Lucky was hurt by a hunter’s trap and 7______ (send) to the village clinic immediately. After recovering, Lucky still followed Mr. Reed everywhere, even when he patrolled the forest. Mr. Reed once tried to set Lucky free, for he knew wild animals should live in nature, but Lucky always came back to him before dark. As time went by, the bond between Mr. Reed and Lucky grew stronger. Lucky would bring Mr. Reed fresh fruits from the forest every morning, and stay by his side when he was sick. For Mr. Reed, Lucky is more than a wild animal; it is a family member. He often says that meeting Lucky is the best thing 8______ has ever happened to him, and he will cherish the friendship forever. Now, Mr. Reed and Lucky live a peaceful life in the mountain village. The local villagers all admire their special bond, and they have learned to treat every living thing 9______ kindness and respect. This story also tells us that love has no boundaries, 10______ it is between humans and humans or humans and animals. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） Most of our genome really is junk A. conventional B. conserve C. exclusively D. massive E. prevail F. initially G. consistent H. recipe I. copy J. estimate K. functional How much of our genome really matters? Some argue that because most of our DNA is active, it must be doing something important. Others say even random DNA would be highly active. This has now been put to the test by studying human cells containing 11________ chunks of plant DNA, New Scientist can 12________ reveal – and the effectively random plant DNA was indeed nearly as active as human DNA. The finding shows that a high proportion of genome activity is just noise, rather than having any purpose, and thus adds to the evidence that most of the human genome is junk. “A large amount can simply be explained by background noise,” says Brett Adey at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. “This seems to be broadly 13________ with the junk DNA idea.” The main function of DNA is to store the 14________ for making proteins, the molecular machines that do almost all the work in cells. The DNA recipes are 15________ to make messenger RNA that carry the recipes to protein-making structures, the cell’s protein-making factories. From the early days of genetics, the 16________ view was that almost all DNA serves a useful purpose, but we now know that just 1.2 per cent of the human genome codes for proteins. So what does the rest do? Since the 1960s, the “junk DNA” idea has steadily 17________ among biologists. Yes, a small percentage of non-protein-coding DNA is really important and we are likely to keep discovering bits that do useful things for decades, but such discoveries, they say, won’t change the overall picture. For instance, a 2011 study allowed scientists to 18________ that only around 5 per cent of the genome is 19________ over deep time – evolution doesn’t seem to care about the rest of it. Researchers in the mostly-junk camp also point out that the size of genomes varies wildly among species, which further supports the idea that most DNA is not 20________. This new experiment, combining human and plant cells, has strengthened the argument by proving that random DNA can be active without any practical function, challenging the old view that activity equals usefulness. II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air. Now she was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will — as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. There would be no one to live for during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering. She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. 36．Why does the author include the detail about Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition in the first paragraph? A．To foreshadow the ending and make it believable. B．To explain why she needed Mr. Mallard to care for her. C．To alert the readers to the potential harm of heart attacks. D．To reinforce the notion that women are weak. 37．The underlined word “forestall” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．predict B．beg C．prevent D．propose 38．At the end of the story, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________. A．was cheating on Mrs. Mallard with Josephine B．made up the entire story to play a joke on his wife C．jumped off the train before it crashed D．was never even on the train in the first place 39．What might have led to the death of Mrs. Mallard? A．The excitement at the thought that she would soon enjoy freedom B．The shock upon the sight of her husband walking in while she thought he was dead C．The late arrival of the doctors who failed to save her in time D．The sadness that struck her when she was informed of her husband’s deaths (B) Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire. Giant Sequoia·Sequoiadendron giganteum The giant sequoia is the typical example of a fire-adapted plant species. One of the largest trees in the world, giant sequoias grow particularly well in the mineral soil exposed by wildfire. Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments. Fire-Resistant Bark Mature trees can have bark up to 2 feet thick, although 6-8inches is more common. This species grows to a height of 250feet-about the wing span of a Boeing 747. Seed Germination (发芽) Giant sequoia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral soil — the soil layer below the needles and decomposed material on forest floor that is exposed after fires burn. Fireweed·Chamerion angustifolium After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allows the plant to reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an important post-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients from burned soil. In fact, it was one of the most abundant species to recolonize Mount St. Helens after the 1980 volcanic eruption. Wind-spread Seeds Each fireweed plant can produce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allowing fireweed to quickly establish colonies in newly disturbed areas. Ponderosa Pine·Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine has thick bark plates that protect the tree’s interior and help the tree survive most fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even young trees can survive low-intensity fires. These trees also drop their lower branches as they grow. With less fuel near the ground, there’s less chance that fire will spread from the ground up into the living canopy (树冠) tree, destroying the pine needles required for photosynthesis. Finally, ponderosa pine trees have deep roots that are less likely to be damaged by fire. Fire-Resistant Bark The bark of mature ponderosa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark covers a very moist core that also helps to get rid of heat from wildfires. California Lilac·Ceanothus cordulatus California Lilac seeds are covered by an extremely hard seed coat. Wildfires crack open this coating, which then allows water to reach the seed and begin the sprouting process. Seedlings seldom sprout if there is no fire to begin the process of germination. In fact, California lilac seeds can lie inactive for hundreds of years until the next wildfire, although the areas where California lilac grows naturally experience fire every one or two decades. Buried Seeds California Lilac seeds buried within the soil can withstand fires as hot as 220°F (105℃) Soil Seed Bank Because seeds require fire to germinate, dropped seeds accumulate in soil “seed banks” every year. In some forests, there are almost 2 million California lilac seeds per acre of soil. 40．Which of the following is a correct match for the plant and its features? A．Giant Sequoia: thick bark and quick growth. B．Fireweed: fast regrowth and wind-spread branches. C．Ponderosa Pine: strong lower branches and big canopy. D．California Lilac: hard seed coat and inactivity after fires. 41．A mountainous region has just experienced its first major wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely hot, leaving behind deep layers of ash and exposed soil. The area is expected to remain open, with strong seasonal winds blowing across it. Which plant would most likely to recolonise this environment? A．Giant Sequoia. B．Fireweed. C．Ponderosa Pine. D．California Lilac 42．Where would you most likely find the above piece of information? A．In a travel guide about California forests. B．In a gardening magazine focused on domestic plants. C．In a newspaper report on recent California wildfires. D．In a field guide about fire-adapted plants. (C) This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence of freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been known for decades, but it had remained virtually unexplored. Then, in 2019, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Columbia University announced a ‌“surprising discovery.” Using electromagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath of fresh water below the ocean, stretching along the shore from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and possibly farther. ‌“It appears to be the largest such formation yet found in the world,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questions: how did it get there? How old is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, importantly: Could coastal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this provide a new freshwater resource for a thirsty world? The vast reservoir off the US coast is just one of many believed to be hidden under the world’s oceans. A team of international scientists decided to look for answers — that meant drilling directly into the aquifer. They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water. Another mystery to unravel is the age of the water. It could be 200 years old, it could be 20,000 years old, said Brandon Dugan, a geophysics professor at the Colorado School of Mines and a leader on the expedition. The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging. They should have the answers in around six months, Dugan said. The scientists will also run tests to determine the water’s origin — it may have come from a melting glacier or from rain. Knowing the origin will help reveal ‌“how these systems have evolved over time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding to other areas where there is evidence of offshore freshwater aquifers, such as Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. It will also help them figure out how these undersea freshwater resources are changing as global sea level rises, whether they are growing or shrinking. ‌“Answering these questions is important for predicting how we might use the water in the future,” Michael said. There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the question of who will manage, treat and pay for the water, which will be pulled from federal waters before being sent to states and then cities. Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it. “Pumping could also lead to contamination of onshore aquifers if the two systems are connected,” Attias said. “Tapping offshore groundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Protecting the fresh water we have on land is still the best thing we can do...Of course, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look for alternate options, which is why we are doing this science.‌” Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said. He estimates it will take around 10 years before offshore aquifers could be properly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this postage stamp of New England and start thinking about how it relates to other areas.‌” 43．According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about underwater aquifer? A．Scientists first found freshwater below the Atlantic Ocean in 2019. B．The water originates entirely from melting glaciers. C．The salt content of the water is suitable for drinking. D．The technology to tap the water is now available. 44．What can be inferred from the passage about the age of the water in the aquifer? A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value B．It is a key factor in assessing the sustainability of the resource. C．Older water is preferable because it is purer. D．Scientists have already reached an agreement on the water age. 45．The author discusses the “technical problems” in the last few paragraphs primarily to ________. A．criticize the current inefficiency of water management policies B．explain why protecting on-land freshwater remains the best option C．demonstrate the superiority of this new resource over others D．highlight the obstacles that must be overcome before practical use 46．What is the best title for the passage? A．Prediction about a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discovery B．Unlocking the secrets of Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic C．The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater D．Old Wisdom Saving Modern People from Water Crises Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 47 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 48 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 49 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 50 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A．Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B．Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C．They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D．Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E．Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F．When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as) 53．对于一家老字号品牌而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) 54．随着幕布升起，首次亮相的演员们随着音乐的节拍尽情载歌载舞。(With) 55．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (worth) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明天中学的一名高三学生李华。你们学校将邀请来自英国的大学教授Peter Brown来访参观。你负责和他联系，他给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据他在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。内容须包括： 1) 具体的活动安排； 2) 活动安排的理由。 Dear Li Hua, I’m a professor from the UK. I’m very interested in Chinese education and campus life. I’ll visit your school next month and would like to spend a day experiencing school life there. Could you please design a one-day schedule for me and explain your reasons for the arrangement? Yours, Peter Brown ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第14页，共14页 试卷第1页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语·全解全析 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：VOA Learning English《A Man Rescued a Fox and Found a Lifelong Companion》 In a quiet mountain village, Mr. Reed, a forest keeper, found a baby fox 1______ had lost its mother in a heavy storm last winter. The fox, only a few weeks old, was hiding under a bush, and Mr. Reed 2______ (never see) such a weak wild animal in his life before he found it. He knew 3______ (leave) it alone would mean death, so he took it home without a second thought. 4______ is not easy to raise a wild fox, but Mr. Reed tried his best to create a natural environment for it. He named the fox Lucky and fed it with fresh milk every two hours, even at midnight. He also built a small wooden house in the yard 5______ ______ Lucky could have a safe place to sleep on cold nights. As Lucky grew up, it became 6______ (clever) than any other animal in the village, able to understand Mr. Reed’s simple orders. One day, Lucky was hurt by a hunter’s trap and 7______ (send) to the village clinic immediately. After recovering, Lucky still followed Mr. Reed everywhere, even when he patrolled the forest. Mr. Reed once tried to set Lucky free, for he knew wild animals should live in nature, but Lucky always came back to him before dark. As time went by, the bond between Mr. Reed and Lucky grew stronger. Lucky would bring Mr. Reed fresh fruits from the forest every morning, and stay by his side when he was sick. For Mr. Reed, Lucky is more than a wild animal; it is a family member. He often says that meeting Lucky is the best thing 8______ has ever happened to him, and he will cherish the friendship forever. Now, Mr. Reed and Lucky live a peaceful life in the mountain village. The local villagers all admire their special bond, and they have learned to treat every living thing 9______ kindness and respect. This story also tells us that love has no boundaries, 10______ it is between humans and humans or humans and animals. 【答案】 1.that/which 2. had never seen 3. leaving 4. It 5. so that 6. cleverer 7. was sent 8. that 9. with 10. whether 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述森林看守人里德先生救下一只失去母亲的幼狐并精心照料，幼狐被猎人陷阱所伤康复后，与里德先生建立起深厚的羁绊，成为彼此的家人。这个故事不仅让村民学会以善意对待所有生命，更诠释了 “爱无边界” 的深层含义。 1．考查定语从句。句意：在一个宁静的山村，森林看守人里德先生去年冬天发现了一只在暴雨中失去母亲的幼狐。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby fox（指物），先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词 that/which 引导。故填 that/which。 2．考查动词时态。句意：这只狐狸只有几周大，躲在灌木丛下，里德先生在发现它之前，这辈子从未见过如此虚弱的野生动物。动作 “看见” 发生在 “发现狐狸” 这一过去动作之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时，主语为单数。故填 had never seen。 3．考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：他知道丢下它不管就意味着死亡，于是毫不犹豫地把它带回了家。设空处作宾语从句的主语，表抽象的行为动作，用动名词形式作主语。故填 leaving。 4．考查代词。句意：饲养一只野生狐狸并不容易，但里德先生尽最大努力为它营造了自然的环境。设空处为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 to raise a wild fox，用 it 作形式主语，符合 it is + adj. + to do sth. 结构。故填 It。 5．考查状语从句。句意：他还在院子里建了一座小木屋，以便幸运在寒夜里有一个安全的睡觉地方。设空处引导目的状语从句，表 “以便、为了”，用 so that 引导。故填 so that。 6．考查形容词比较等级。句意：随着幸运渐渐长大，它变得比村里其他任何动物都聪明，能听懂里德先生简单的指令。根据 than any other animal，用形容词的比较级形式，clever 的比较级为 cleverer。故填 cleverer。 7．考查动词的语态。句意：有一天，幸运被猎人的陷阱弄伤，立刻被送到了村诊所。主语 Lucky 与 send 之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填 was sent。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：他常说遇见幸运是他这辈子发生的最好的事，他会永远珍惜这份友谊。设空处引导宾语从句，作 says 的宾语，从句中先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，关系词用 that。故填 that。 9．考查介词。句意：当地村民都羡慕他们这份特殊的羁绊，也学会了以善意和尊重对待每一个生命。固定搭配 treat sb./sth. with... 意为 “以…… 对待……”。故填 with。 10．考查连词。句意：这个故事也告诉我们，爱无边界，无论是人与人之间，还是人与动物之间。固定搭配whether...or... 意为 “无论是…… 还是……”，引导让步状语。故填 whether。 考点分布（无重复） 时态（过去完成时）、被动语态（一般过去时被动）、非谓语（动名词）、三大从句（定语从句 + 宾语从句）、代词（形式主语 it）、形容词比较级、介词、连词（whether...or...） Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） Most of our genome really is junk A. conventional B. conserve C. exclusively D. massive E. prevail F. initially G. consistent H. recipe I. copy J. estimate K. functional How much of our genome really matters? Some argue that because most of our DNA is active, it must be doing something important. Others say even random DNA would be highly active. This has now been put to the test by studying human cells containing 11________ chunks of plant DNA, New Scientist can 12________ reveal – and the effectively random plant DNA was indeed nearly as active as human DNA. The finding shows that a high proportion of genome activity is just noise, rather than having any purpose, and thus adds to the evidence that most of the human genome is junk. “A large amount can simply be explained by background noise,” says Brett Adey at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. “This seems to be broadly 13________ with the junk DNA idea.” The main function of DNA is to store the 14________ for making proteins, the molecular machines that do almost all the work in cells. The DNA recipes are 15________ to make messenger RNA that carry the recipes to protein-making structures, the cell’s protein-making factories. From the early days of genetics, the 16________ view was that almost all DNA serves a useful purpose, but we now know that just 1.2 per cent of the human genome codes for proteins. So what does the rest do? Since the 1960s, the “junk DNA” idea has steadily 17________ among biologists. Yes, a small percentage of non-protein-coding DNA is really important and we are likely to keep discovering bits that do useful things for decades, but such discoveries, they say, won’t change the overall picture. For instance, a 2011 study allowed scientists to 18________ that only around 5 per cent of the genome is 19________ over deep time – evolution doesn’t seem to care about the rest of it. Researchers in the mostly-junk camp also point out that the size of genomes varies wildly among species, which further supports the idea that most DNA is not 20________. This new experiment, combining human and plant cells, has strengthened the argument by proving that random DNA can be active without any practical function, challenging the old view that activity equals usefulness. 【答案】 11．D 12．C 13．G 14．H 15．I 16．A 17．E 18．J 19．B 20．K 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕人类基因组的功能展开，通过实验研究结果反驳了 “所有 DNA 都有实际作用” 的传统观点，佐证了 “垃圾 DNA” 的理论，指出人类基因组中大部分 DNA 并无实际功能，其活性只是背景噪音。 11．D（massive） 考查：形容词作定语。 句意：现在，通过研究含有大量植物 DNA 片段的人类细胞，这一说法已得到验证 ——《新科学家》专门揭示了这一点，而这些实际上随机的植物 DNA 确实几乎和人类 DNA 一样活跃。 解析：空格后为名词 chunks，需填形容词修饰，massive 表示 “大量的”，贴合实验中使用大量植物 DNA 片段的语境，是说明文描述数量的高阶常用词，搭配合理。 12．C（exclusively） 考查：副词修饰动词。 句意：现在，通过研究含有大量植物 DNA 片段的人类细胞，这一说法已得到验证 ——《新科学家》专门揭示了这一点，而这些实际上随机的植物 DNA 确实几乎和人类 DNA 一样活跃。 解析：空格修饰动词 reveal，需填副词，exclusively 表示 “专门地、独家地”，符合《新科学家》作为专业科学媒体的报道属性，语义唯一且贴合语境。 13．G（consistent） 考查：形容词作表语 + 固定搭配。 句意：新西兰奥克兰大学的布雷特・阿迪说：“很大一部分（基因组活性）只能用背景噪音来解释。这似乎与垃圾 DNA 的观点大致一致。” 解析：系动词 be 后接形容词，固定搭配 be consistent with 意为 “与…… 一致”，是上海高考高频考点，该搭配贴合实验结论与垃圾 DNA 理论的逻辑衔接关系。 14．H（recipe） 考查：名词作宾语 + 熟词僻义。 句意：DNA 的主要功能是储存制造蛋白质的遗传编码，蛋白质是在细胞中承担几乎所有工作的分子机器。 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，recipe 常见义为 “食谱”，此处为生物语境的熟词僻义 “遗传编码、指令”，是上海高考词汇考查核心考点，贴合 DNA 指导蛋白质合成的科学事实。 15．I（copy） 考查：动词被动语态 + 一词多义。 句意：DNA 的遗传编码被转录成信使 RNA，信使 RNA 将这些遗传编码传递到细胞的蛋白质制造工厂 —— 蛋白质合成结构中。 解析：空格前为 are，需填动词过去分词构成被动语态，copy 常见义为 “复制”，此处为生物语境的一词多义 “转录”，贴合 DNA 到 RNA 的分子生物学过程。 16．A（conventional） 考查：形容词作定语。 句意：从遗传学发展初期开始，传统的观点认为几乎所有的 DNA 都有其有用的用途，但我们现在知道，人类基因组中只有 1.2% 的部分编码蛋白质。 解析：空格修饰名词 view，需填形容词，conventional 表示 “传统的、旧有的”，与后文现代研究结论形成对比，语义清晰且为高考高阶形容词。 17．E（prevail） 考查：动词。 句意：那么剩下的（DNA）是做什么的呢？自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，“垃圾 DNA” 的观点在生物学家中逐渐盛行。 解析：空格前为 has steadily，需填动词过去分词构成现在完成时，prevail 表示 “盛行、普遍存在”，贴合垃圾 DNA 观点在生物学界的发展趋势，与前文传统观点形成逻辑呼应。 18．J（estimate） 考查：动词固定搭配。 句意：例如，2011 年的一项研究让科学家们能够估计，在漫长的时间里，只有大约 5% 的基因组被保留下来 —— 进化似乎并不关心剩下的部分。 解析：固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth.，空格需填动词原形，estimate 表示 “估计、判断”，贴合研究中对基因组保留比例的科学测算语境。 19．B（conserve） 考查：动词被动语态 + 构词法。 句意：例如，2011 年的一项研究让科学家们能够估计，在漫长的时间里，只有大约 5% 的基因组被保留下来 —— 进化似乎并不关心剩下的部分。 解析：空格前为 is，需填动词过去分词构成被动语态，conserve 变为 conserved，意为 “被保存、被保守”，考查动词变形的构词法，贴合基因组在进化中的留存特点。 20．K（functional） 考查：形容词作表语。 句意：支持 “大部分 DNA 是垃圾” 这一观点的研究人员还指出，不同物种的基因组大小差异很大，这进一步证明了大多数 DNA 是没有功能的。 解析：系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，functional 表示 “有功能的、起作用的”，与前文 “junk DNA” 形成直接呼应，贴合全文核心主旨，逻辑连贯。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“提前拖延症”这一现象，分析其定义、表现、成因、弊端及合理应对方式，区分其与普通拖延症的不同。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你努力克服拖延症的过程中，有可能做得太过火吗？A. beat克服，击败；B. enhance增强；C. adapt适应；D. reveal揭示。根据前文“The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time.”可知，此处指努力克服拖延症。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的研究重点是“提前拖延症”的危害，即过于仓促地投入任务的倾向。A. feasibility可行性；B. tendency倾向，趋势；C. possibility可能性；D. activity活动。根据前文“precrastination”的定义，结合空后“to rush too quickly into tasks”可知，此处指的是一种行为倾向。故选B。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它会导致不必要的精力消耗，而稍微计划一下就可以避免 —— 换句话说，欲速则不达。A. rise from由……引起；B. result from由……导致；C. result in导致，引起；D. end with以……结束。根据空后“an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning”可知，此处指提前拖延症会导致这种后果。故选C。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与拖延者不同，拖延者可能会把收件箱里满满的邮件留到第二天再处理，而提前拖延者会在早上第一件事就阅读并回复每一封邮件。A. With regards to关于；B. In terms of就……而言；C. In response to作为对……的回应；D. As opposed to与……相反，相对于。根据后文对“procrastinator”和“precrastinator”行为的对比可知，此处指 与拖延者相反。故选D。 25．考查连词短语辨析。句意：即使他们知道大多数邮件都不重要，他们也会选择尽快处理掉。A. Only if只有；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. As if好像；D. What if要是……会怎样。根据空前后“they know most of the emails are unimportant”和“they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处存在转折让步关系。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，这可能意味着耗尽他们之后可能需要用于更紧急任务的宝贵精力。A. common普通的；B. minor次要的；C. special特殊的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文“clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处指这些精力本可以用于更紧急的任务，urgent符合语境，与前文unimportant形成对比。故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，对大多数人来说，很难抗拒唾手可得的成果。A. overcome克服；B. realize意识到；C. sense感觉到；D. resist抵抗，抗拒。根据后文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”可知，此处指人们很难抗拒容易得到的东西。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果某样东西立刻对你可用，你会本能地去争取它。A. desirable令人向往的；B. available可获得的，可用的；C. approachable可接近的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market.”可知，免费食物样品是可获得的，此处指容易得到的东西会吸引人。故选B。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当你完成简单的短期任务时，你需要考虑的事情就少了一件 ——“我可以在五分钟内完成这件事。为什么不现在就处理呢？”A. Especially尤其；B. Fairly相当；C. Similarly同样地；D. Arguably可以说。前文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”和后文“when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about”逻辑一致，是同样道理。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，诸如责任心、渴望取悦他人和精力充沛等人格特质可以预测提前拖延行为，但它们背后的进化冲动是普遍存在的。A. traits特质，特征；B. drawbacks缺点；C. themes主题；D. strengths优势。根据空后“such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy”可知，这些都是人的人格特质。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前拖延症真正的弊端在于，当你急于完成任务时，你自然会有更高的几率把工作做得不完整或不准确。A. upside优势，好处；B. downside弊端，缺点；C. feature特征；D. value价值。根据空后“doing your work incompletely or inaccurately”可知，这是提前拖延症的弊端。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以邮件为例，有时候等待回复可以体现出重视深思熟虑而非急于求成，尤其是当邮件内容涉及情感时。A. respond回应，回复；B. read阅读；C. reflect反思；D. edit编辑。根据前文“a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning”可知，此处指与提前回复相反——等待回复。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，提前拖延症并非没有好处，但关键是只有在合理的时候才这样做。A. shortcomings缺点；B. interests兴趣；C. benefits好处，益处；D. improvements改进。根据后文“but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense”可知，此处存在转折，指提前拖延症也有好处。故选C。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，长期的提前拖延者也必须意识到，把琐碎的事情放在一边是可以的，因为它们在当天晚些时候不会需要太多的脑力。A. take on承担；B. set aside搁置，留出；C. put forward提出；D. break down分解，崩溃。根据后文“because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day”可知，此处指可以搁置琐碎的事情。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们的社会中，应该达成共识，停下来闻闻花香是可以的。放慢脚步，保持从容和专注。”A. intentional故意的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. deliberate从容的，深思熟虑的；D. impulsive冲动的。根据前文“it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible”和“smell the flowers”可知，此处指从容地放慢脚步。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air. Now she was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will — as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. There would be no one to live for during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering. She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. 36．Why does the author include the detail about Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition in the first paragraph? A．To foreshadow the ending and make it believable. B．To explain why she needed Mr. Mallard to care for her. C．To alert the readers to the potential harm of heart attacks. D．To reinforce the notion that women are weak. 37．The underlined word “forestall” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．predict B．beg C．prevent D．propose 38．At the end of the story, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________. A．was cheating on Mrs. Mallard with Josephine B．made up the entire story to play a joke on his wife C．jumped off the train before it crashed D．was never even on the train in the first place 39．What might have led to the death of Mrs. Mallard? A．The excitement at the thought that she would soon enjoy freedom B．The shock upon the sight of her husband walking in while she thought he was dead C．The late arrival of the doctors who failed to save her in time D．The sadness that struck her when she was informed of her husband’s deaths 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mrs. Mallard在得知丈夫在铁路事故中去世后，经历了一系列复杂的情感变化，从最初的悲痛到后来的自由渴望，然而当丈夫突然归来时，她因过度震惊而心脏疾病发作去世的故事。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. (得知Mrs. Mallard患有心脏病，人们小心翼翼地尽可能温和地告诉她丈夫去世的消息。)”和最后一段“When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. (医生来的时候说她是死于心脏病——是喜悦致死。)”可知第一段这一细节为后文Mrs. Mallard的突然死亡埋下了伏笔，使得她的死亡在情节上显得合理且可信。故选A。 37．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. (得知Mrs. Mallard患有心脏病，人们小心翼翼地尽可能温和地告诉她丈夫去世的消息。)”和第二段“He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. (他只花时间通过第二封电报确认了消息的真实性，就急忙赶去forestall任何不那么细心、不那么体贴的朋友传递这个悲伤的消息。)”可知Richards是想要抢在其他人之前告诉Mrs. Mallard这个消息，以免她从其他不细心的人那里听到这个悲伤消息。因此，“forestall”在这里的意思是“阻止，预防”，与选项C“prevent”意思相近。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. (有人用钥匙打开了前门。是Brently Mallard进来了，他有点旅行沾染的污渍，平静地拿着他的手提包和雨伞。他离事故现场很远，甚至不知道发生了事故。)”可知，Mr. Mallard离事故现场很远，甚至不知道发生了事故，所以推测他根本不在那列发生事故的火车上。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. (医生来的时候说她是死于心脏病——是震惊致死。)”以及前文描述Mrs. Mallard在以为丈夫去世后，内心渴望自由，而当丈夫突然归来时，她因过度震惊而心脏疾病发作。因此，可以推断Mrs. Mallard的死亡是由于看到她以为已经去世的丈夫突然出现而受到的震惊。故选B。 (B) Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire. Giant Sequoia·Sequoiadendron giganteum The giant sequoia is the typical example of a fire-adapted plant species. One of the largest trees in the world, giant sequoias grow particularly well in the mineral soil exposed by wildfire. Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments. Fire-Resistant Bark Mature trees can have bark up to 2 feet thick, although 6-8inches is more common. This species grows to a height of 250feet-about the wing span of a Boeing 747. Seed Germination (发芽) Giant sequoia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral soil — the soil layer below the needles and decomposed material on forest floor that is exposed after fires burn. Fireweed·Chamerion angustifolium After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allows the plant to reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an important post-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients from burned soil. In fact, it was one of the most abundant species to recolonize Mount St. Helens after the 1980 volcanic eruption. Wind-spread Seeds Each fireweed plant can produce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allowing fireweed to quickly establish colonies in newly disturbed areas. Ponderosa Pine·Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine has thick bark plates that protect the tree’s interior and help the tree survive most fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even young trees can survive low-intensity fires. These trees also drop their lower branches as they grow. With less fuel near the ground, there’s less chance that fire will spread from the ground up into the living canopy (树冠) tree, destroying the pine needles required for photosynthesis. Finally, ponderosa pine trees have deep roots that are less likely to be damaged by fire. Fire-Resistant Bark The bark of mature ponderosa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark covers a very moist core that also helps to get rid of heat from wildfires. California Lilac·Ceanothus cordulatus California Lilac seeds are covered by an extremely hard seed coat. Wildfires crack open this coating, which then allows water to reach the seed and begin the sprouting process. Seedlings seldom sprout if there is no fire to begin the process of germination. In fact, California lilac seeds can lie inactive for hundreds of years until the next wildfire, although the areas where California lilac grows naturally experience fire every one or two decades. Buried Seeds California Lilac seeds buried within the soil can withstand fires as hot as 220°F (105℃) Soil Seed Bank Because seeds require fire to germinate, dropped seeds accumulate in soil “seed banks” every year. In some forests, there are almost 2 million California lilac seeds per acre of soil. 40．Which of the following is a correct match for the plant and its features? A．Giant Sequoia: thick bark and quick growth. B．Fireweed: fast regrowth and wind-spread branches. C．Ponderosa Pine: strong lower branches and big canopy. D．California Lilac: hard seed coat and inactivity after fires. 41．A mountainous region has just experienced its first major wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely hot, leaving behind deep layers of ash and exposed soil. The area is expected to remain open, with strong seasonal winds blowing across it. Which plant would most likely to recolonise this environment? A．Giant Sequoia. B．Fireweed. C．Ponderosa Pine. D．California Lilac 42．Where would you most likely find the above piece of information? A．In a travel guide about California forests. B．In a gardening magazine focused on domestic plants. C．In a newspaper report on recent California wildfires. D．In a field guide about fire-adapted plants. 【答案】40．A 41．B 42．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种加州植物对火灾的适应性特征。 40．细节理解题。根据Giant Sequoia部分的内容“Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments.(巨杉还长有厚实的树皮，能保护它们抵御低烈度火灾。由于幼树更容易着火，因此快速生长成为了巨杉适应火灾频发环境的另一种生存策略)”可知，巨杉具备厚树皮和生长迅速的特点。故选A。 41．细节理解题。根据Fireweed部分的内容“After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind.(森林火灾过后，柳兰是最早在过火区域重新生长的植物之一。和许多生长在火灾过后开阔地带的植物一样，柳兰的种子靠风力传播)”可知，柳兰在火灾后率先再生，且种子依靠风力传播，适合火灾后裸露、多风的开阔区域。故选B。 42．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California  California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire.(伴火而生：在加州森林野火中存活 加州的森林野火会对财产和生命造成毁灭性的破坏。但对于在火灾频发的内华达山脉繁衍了数千年的植物物种而言，森林野火是自然环境中可预见的一部分。这份信息图介绍了四种不同的加州植物，它们均进化出了各异的野火适应机制)”可知，本文是一篇信息图介绍，聚焦加利福尼亚四种适应火灾环境的植物，分别阐述了每种植物的形态特征、抗火或灾后再生的机制。最有可能出现在关于适应火灾的植物的野外指南中。故选D。 (C) This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence of freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been known for decades, but it had remained virtually unexplored. Then, in 2019, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Columbia University announced a ‌“surprising discovery.” Using electromagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath of fresh water below the ocean, stretching along the shore from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and possibly farther. ‌“It appears to be the largest such formation yet found in the world,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questions: how did it get there? How old is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, importantly: Could coastal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this provide a new freshwater resource for a thirsty world? The vast reservoir off the US coast is just one of many believed to be hidden under the world’s oceans. A team of international scientists decided to look for answers — that meant drilling directly into the aquifer. They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water. Another mystery to unravel is the age of the water. It could be 200 years old, it could be 20,000 years old, said Brandon Dugan, a geophysics professor at the Colorado School of Mines and a leader on the expedition. The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging. They should have the answers in around six months, Dugan said. The scientists will also run tests to determine the water’s origin — it may have come from a melting glacier or from rain. Knowing the origin will help reveal ‌“how these systems have evolved over time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding to other areas where there is evidence of offshore freshwater aquifers, such as Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. It will also help them figure out how these undersea freshwater resources are changing as global sea level rises, whether they are growing or shrinking. ‌“Answering these questions is important for predicting how we might use the water in the future,” Michael said. There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the question of who will manage, treat and pay for the water, which will be pulled from federal waters before being sent to states and then cities. Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it. “Pumping could also lead to contamination of onshore aquifers if the two systems are connected,” Attias said. “Tapping offshore groundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Protecting the fresh water we have on land is still the best thing we can do...Of course, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look for alternate options, which is why we are doing this science.‌” Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said. He estimates it will take around 10 years before offshore aquifers could be properly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this postage stamp of New England and start thinking about how it relates to other areas.‌” 43．According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about underwater aquifer? A．Scientists first found freshwater below the Atlantic Ocean in 2019. B．The water originates entirely from melting glaciers. C．The salt content of the water is suitable for drinking. D．The technology to tap the water is now available. 44．What can be inferred from the passage about the age of the water in the aquifer? A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value B．It is a key factor in assessing the sustainability of the resource. C．Older water is preferable because it is purer. D．Scientists have already reached an agreement on the water age. 45．The author discusses the “technical problems” in the last few paragraphs primarily to ________. A．criticize the current inefficiency of water management policies B．explain why protecting on-land freshwater remains the best option C．demonstrate the superiority of this new resource over others D．highlight the obstacles that must be overcome before practical use 46．What is the best title for the passage? A．Prediction about a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discovery B．Unlocking the secrets of Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic C．The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater D．Old Wisdom Saving Modern People from Water Crises 【答案】43．C 44．B 45．D 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在大西洋海域发现大规模地下淡水层，并对其成因、可持续性及开发潜力展开研究，同时指出开发中面临的技术、成本及管理难题。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water.(他们在近海作业三个月，在不同海域的海底约1000至1300英尺深处进行勘探，采集沉积物和水样。他们发现这些水域的盐分远低于海水，且符合美国及国际机构规定的饮用水标准)”可知，科学家发现水下含水层含盐量远低于海水，接近美国和国际机构建议的饮用水标准。故选C项。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging.(较年轻的水的存在表明储备正在得到补充；较老的水则表明它是一种不可再生的有限资源)”可知，水的年龄是判断其是否可持续利用的关键因素，年轻的水意味着资源可再生，而古老的水则表明资源有限。故选B项。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive.(不过，首先要解决很多实际问题。水很重，把它打捞上来并运到岸上可能会耗费大量能源和成本)”和倒数第二段“Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it.(然后是技术问题，即确保淡水不被其上下方的咸水污染)”可知，作者讨论“技术问题”是为了强调开发海底淡水前必须克服的实际障碍。故选D项。 46．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis.(今年夏天，科学家们在美国东北部海岸外的大西洋深处钻取了一个巨大而神秘的淡水水库，他们的发现可能对正在与日益严重的水危机作斗争的世界产生重大影响)”、倒数第三段中“There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however.(然而，有很多实际问题需要先解决)”和倒数第二段中“Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it.(然后是技术问题，即确保淡水不被其上下方的咸水污染)”和最后一段中“Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said.(Dugan对其潜力持乐观态度。“万事俱备，只欠时机，”他说道)”可知，文章首先介绍了大西洋海域发现大规模地下淡水层，接着分析了开发海底淡水的潜在价值，最后重点讨论了开发过程中面临的技术、成本和管理难题，C项“The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater(开发海底淡水的挑战)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 47 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 48 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 49 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 50 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A．Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B．Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C．They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D．Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E．Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F．When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. 【答案】47．A 48．F 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了一个有趣的心理现象——人们有时更容易向陌生人倾诉内心想法，而非亲近的人，并从心理学、社会期待和人类情感等角度分析了背后的原因。 47．根据上文“Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment.(理想情况下，这些关系会成为安全的港湾，让我们可以毫无顾忌地分享内心深处的想法、忧虑和脆弱)”以及下文“Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend?(为什么会这样？为什么我们会向心理咨询师、火车上的同行旅客，甚至是网络上的陌生网友倾诉恐惧，却不愿告诉配偶、兄弟姐妹或最好的朋友)”可知，此空需要起到转折作用，引出“人们更易对陌生人倾诉”这一核心现象。A选项“Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us.(然而，矛盾的是，我们很多人发现，有时候向陌生人倾诉比向亲近的人倾诉更容易)”以“Yet”转折前文对亲密关系的期待，同时精准呼应下文的提问，符合语境。故选A项。 48．根据上文“If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it.(如果你把秘密告诉陌生人，既能释放压力，又不会让自己的私人生活受到影响)”以及下文“You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again.(你几乎会把世界上的所有事都告诉他们。这种彼此间的陌生感带来了一种轻松感；陌生人的评价无关紧要，因为你们很可能不会再见面)”可知，此空需要承接前文，解释向陌生人倾诉时的心理状态。F选项“When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable.(当你知道不会再见到这个人时，你会感到格外放松)”中的“won’t see the person again”与下文的“unlikely one will cross paths with them again”相呼应，且点明了这种放松感的来源，符合语境。故选F项。 49．根据下文“Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle.(我们与陌生人的交往则没有这些复杂的羁绊。然而，和陌生人交谈时，人们可以分享高度私密的信息，而不会损害自己在社交圈中的声誉）”可知，此空需要介绍与亲近的人交往时存在的“羁绊”，与下文形成对比。D选项“Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves.(长期建立的社会关系会伴随着各种预设、评判和期待，这些都会阻碍人们充分表达自己)”中的“assumptions, judgments, and expectations”正是下文提到的“baggage of these dynamics”，且与陌生人交往的无羁绊状态形成鲜明对比，符合语境。故选D项。 50．根据上文“Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions.(陌生人有着独特的优势，他们能提供全新的视角和客观的看法，给出不偏不倚的建议和评价)”以及下文“That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives.(这也是我们能从陌生人的认可和支持中获得慰藉的原因之一，而这些往往是我们无法从身边人那里得到的)”可知，此空需要承接前文，说明陌生人的客观建议能带来的具体积极作用。C选项“They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking.(它们能让我们跳出固有的思维模式，打破消极的自我关注，避免陷入消极的循环思考)”中的“They”指代前文的“fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints”，且阐述了这些观点的积极影响，衔接下文的“find solace”，符合语境。故选C项。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hidden sugars in daily food exceed health limits, posing severe health risks. It disrupts metabolism, increasing diabetes risk through insulin resistance. Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol. Furthermore, it harms brain function, weakening cognitive capacity by shrinking hippocampus and causing addiction. Mindful dietary choices are essential to reduce sugar intake. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了日常食物中隐藏的糖分超出健康限度，会带来严重的健康风险。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. ②Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes. ③Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. ④New research shows how sugar harms the brain. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. ⑤Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景引入，第2、3、4个要点分别阐述糖对代谢、心脏和大脑的危害，第5个要点说明应对措施，重组为一段。 3.遣词造句 Excessive sugar intake disrupts metabolism, raising diabetes risk; harms the heart by irritating vessels and raising bad cholesterol; and damages the brain, weakening memory. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hidden sugars in daily food exceeds health limits, posing severe health risks.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol.运用了含有非谓语动词的句子，对原文第二、三段进行了概括。其中动名词damaging，作宾语，表达非常高级。 V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as) 【答案】The new policy is as beneficial to the employees as it is to the company. 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，表示“这项新政策”应用名词the new policy，表示“对……大有裨益”应用短语be beneficial to; 表示“对员工和公司都大有裨益”可以理解为“对员工和公司一样大有裨益”，员工应用可数名词复数形式employees，公司表示特指使用the company；“和……一样”应用形容词的同级比较结构as adj as, 第二个as后的部分可省略与前一部分相同的形容词beneficial，即as it is to the company。故翻译为The new policy is as beneficial to the employees as it is to the company.。 53．对于一家老字号品牌而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) 【答案】What does it take for a time-honored brand to maintain its appeal? 【详解】考查动词及固定结构。句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，what does it take，意为“需要什么/怎样才能”，it为形式主语，“老字号”译为 a time-honored brand，“保持吸引力”译为maintain its appeal，是真正的主语，应用不定式形式，期中its代替老字号，故翻译为What does it take for a time-honored brand to maintain its appeal? 54．随着幕布升起，首次亮相的演员们随着音乐的节拍尽情载歌载舞。(With) 【答案】With the curtain rising, the actors making their debut danced and sang heartily to the rhythm of the music. 【详解】考查with复合结构和时态。表示“随着幕布升起”用with的复合结构，“幕布”使用名词curtain作宾语，“升起”使用动词rise，和curtain之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补；句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“首次亮相的演员们”用the actors making their debut，其中现在分词短语“making their debut”作后置定语修饰名词actors；表示“随着音乐的节拍”用to the rhythm of the music；表示“尽情载歌载舞”用dance and sing heartily，其中动词使用过去式，heartily作状语修饰动词danced and sang。调整语序，故翻译为With the curtain rising, the actors making their debut danced and sang heartily to the rhythm of the music. 55．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (worth) 【答案】Last Tuesday, I picked up a comic book at a second-hand bookstore; though it was slightly worn, its vivid illustrations and clear text made it well worth the price. 【详解】考查形容词、固定短语、状语从句和时态。中文原句可拆分为两个分句，用分号连接；“上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书”是第1分句，时间状语“上周二”译为last Tuesday，主语“我”用人称代词I；地点状语“在一家二手书店”译为介词短语at a second-hand bookstore，谓语“淘到”用动词短语pick up表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态picked up，宾语“一本漫画书”译为a comic book；“虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值”是第2分句，“虽略显陈旧”是让步状语从句，用从属连词though引导，译为though it was slightly worn，“插图生动、文字清晰”可处理为主句主语，译为its vivid illustrations and clear text，“堪称物超所值”可翻译为made it well worth the price，其中谓语动词made是使役动词，固定短语well worth the price表示“物有所值”。综上，全句译为：Last Tuesday, I picked up a comic book at a second-hand bookstore; though it was slightly worn, its vivid illustrations and clear text made it well worth the price. VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明天中学的一名高三学生李华。你们学校将邀请来自英国的大学教授Peter Brown来访参观。你负责和他联系，他给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据他在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。内容须包括： 1) 具体的活动安排； 2) 活动安排的理由。 Dear Li Hua, I’m a professor from the UK. I’m very interested in Chinese education and campus life. I’ll visit your school next month and would like to spend a day experiencing school life there. Could you please design a one-day schedule for me and explain your reasons for the arrangement? Yours, Peter Brown ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Professor Peter Brown,   I'm delighted to design a one-day schedule for your visit to our school.   In the morning, from 8:00-9:00, you’ll attend a Chinese class. This is to let you experience the unique charm of Chinese language and culture teaching. Then, from 9:30-11:00, you can visit our school's clubs, such as the calligraphy club and the traditional music club. This will help you understand students’ extracurricular interests and cultural inheritance efforts.   After lunch, from 14:00-15:30, you’ll have a discussion with our teachers on Chinese educational systems. Given your interest in Chinese education, this can provide in-depth insights. Finally, from 16:00-17:30, you’ll participate in a class activity with students, like a group discussion or a game. This is to experience the interactive and lively campus atmosphere.   I believe this schedule can meet your expectations of experiencing Chinese education and campus life. If you have any other requirements, please let me know. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生向来自英国的大学教授Peter Brown具体介绍活动安排以及活动安排的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 高兴的：delighted→pleased 独特的：unique→distinctive 深入的：in-depth→profound 参加：participate in→get involved in 2.句式拓展： 合并简单句 原句：Then, from 9:30-11:00, you can visit our school’s clubs, such as the calligraphy club and the traditional music club. This will help you understand students’ extracurricular interests and cultural inheritance efforts. 拓展句：Then, from 9:30-11:00, you can visit our school’s clubs, such as the calligraphy club and the traditional music club, which will help you understand students’ extracurricular interests and cultural inheritance efforts. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I believe this schedule can meet your expectations of experiencing Chinese education and campus life.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型 2】If you have any other requirements, please let me know.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 试卷第2页，共26页 试卷第1页，共26页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷） 高三英语· 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【原创】题源：VOA Learning English《A Man Rescued a Fox and Found a Lifelong Companion》 In a quiet mountain village, Mr. Reed, a forest keeper, found a baby fox 1______ had lost its mother in a heavy storm last winter. The fox, only a few weeks old, was hiding under a bush, and Mr. Reed 2______ (never see) such a weak wild animal in his life before he found it. He knew 3______ (leave) it alone would mean death, so he took it home without a second thought. 4______ is not easy to raise a wild fox, but Mr. Reed tried his best to create a natural environment for it. He named the fox Lucky and fed it with fresh milk every two hours, even at midnight. He also built a small wooden house in the yard 5______ ______ Lucky could have a safe place to sleep on cold nights. As Lucky grew up, it became 6______ (clever) than any other animal in the village, able to understand Mr. Reed’s simple orders. One day, Lucky was hurt by a hunter’s trap and 7______ (send) to the village clinic immediately. After recovering, Lucky still followed Mr. Reed everywhere, even when he patrolled the forest. Mr. Reed once tried to set Lucky free, for he knew wild animals should live in nature, but Lucky always came back to him before dark. As time went by, the bond between Mr. Reed and Lucky grew stronger. Lucky would bring Mr. Reed fresh fruits from the forest every morning, and stay by his side when he was sick. For Mr. Reed, Lucky is more than a wild animal; it is a family member. He often says that meeting Lucky is the best thing 8______ has ever happened to him, and he will cherish the friendship forever. Now, Mr. Reed and Lucky live a peaceful life in the mountain village. The local villagers all admire their special bond, and they have learned to treat every living thing 9______ kindness and respect. This story also tells us that love has no boundaries, 10______ it is between humans and humans or humans and animals. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/） Most of our genome really is junk A. conventional B. conserve C. exclusively D. massive E. prevail F. initially G. consistent H. recipe I. copy J. estimate K. functional How much of our genome really matters? Some argue that because most of our DNA is active, it must be doing something important. Others say even random DNA would be highly active. This has now been put to the test by studying human cells containing 11________ chunks of plant DNA, New Scientist can 12________ reveal – and the effectively random plant DNA was indeed nearly as active as human DNA. The finding shows that a high proportion of genome activity is just noise, rather than having any purpose, and thus adds to the evidence that most of the human genome is junk. “A large amount can simply be explained by background noise,” says Brett Adey at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. “This seems to be broadly 13________ with the junk DNA idea.” The main function of DNA is to store the 14________ for making proteins, the molecular machines that do almost all the work in cells. The DNA recipes are 15________ to make messenger RNA that carry the recipes to protein-making structures, the cell’s protein-making factories. From the early days of genetics, the 16________ view was that almost all DNA serves a useful purpose, but we now know that just 1.2 per cent of the human genome codes for proteins. So what does the rest do? Since the 1960s, the “junk DNA” idea has steadily 17________ among biologists. Yes, a small percentage of non-protein-coding DNA is really important and we are likely to keep discovering bits that do useful things for decades, but such discoveries, they say, won’t change the overall picture. For instance, a 2011 study allowed scientists to 18________ that only around 5 per cent of the genome is 19________ over deep time – evolution doesn’t seem to care about the rest of it. Researchers in the mostly-junk camp also point out that the size of genomes varies wildly among species, which further supports the idea that most DNA is not 20________. This new experiment, combining human and plant cells, has strengthened the argument by proving that random DNA can be active without any practical function, challenging the old view that activity equals usefulness. II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air. Now she was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will — as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. There would be no one to live for during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering. She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. 36．Why does the author include the detail about Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition in the first paragraph? A．To foreshadow the ending and make it believable. B．To explain why she needed Mr. Mallard to care for her. C．To alert the readers to the potential harm of heart attacks. D．To reinforce the notion that women are weak. 37．The underlined word “forestall” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．predict B．beg C．prevent D．propose 38．At the end of the story, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________. A．was cheating on Mrs. Mallard with Josephine B．made up the entire story to play a joke on his wife C．jumped off the train before it crashed D．was never even on the train in the first place 39．What might have led to the death of Mrs. Mallard? A．The excitement at the thought that she would soon enjoy freedom B．The shock upon the sight of her husband walking in while she thought he was dead C．The late arrival of the doctors who failed to save her in time D．The sadness that struck her when she was informed of her husband’s deaths (B) Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire. Giant Sequoia·Sequoiadendron giganteum The giant sequoia is the typical example of a fire-adapted plant species. One of the largest trees in the world, giant sequoias grow particularly well in the mineral soil exposed by wildfire. Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments. Fire-Resistant Bark Mature trees can have bark up to 2 feet thick, although 6-8inches is more common. This species grows to a height of 250feet-about the wing span of a Boeing 747. Seed Germination (发芽) Giant sequoia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral soil — the soil layer below the needles and decomposed material on forest floor that is exposed after fires burn. Fireweed·Chamerion angustifolium After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allows the plant to reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an important post-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients from burned soil. In fact, it was one of the most abundant species to recolonize Mount St. Helens after the 1980 volcanic eruption. Wind-spread Seeds Each fireweed plant can produce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allowing fireweed to quickly establish colonies in newly disturbed areas. Ponderosa Pine·Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine has thick bark plates that protect the tree’s interior and help the tree survive most fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even young trees can survive low-intensity fires. These trees also drop their lower branches as they grow. With less fuel near the ground, there’s less chance that fire will spread from the ground up into the living canopy (树冠) tree, destroying the pine needles required for photosynthesis. Finally, ponderosa pine trees have deep roots that are less likely to be damaged by fire. Fire-Resistant Bark The bark of mature ponderosa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark covers a very moist core that also helps to get rid of heat from wildfires. California Lilac·Ceanothus cordulatus California Lilac seeds are covered by an extremely hard seed coat. Wildfires crack open this coating, which then allows water to reach the seed and begin the sprouting process. Seedlings seldom sprout if there is no fire to begin the process of germination. In fact, California lilac seeds can lie inactive for hundreds of years until the next wildfire, although the areas where California lilac grows naturally experience fire every one or two decades. Buried Seeds California Lilac seeds buried within the soil can withstand fires as hot as 220°F (105℃) Soil Seed Bank Because seeds require fire to germinate, dropped seeds accumulate in soil “seed banks” every year. In some forests, there are almost 2 million California lilac seeds per acre of soil. 40．Which of the following is a correct match for the plant and its features? A．Giant Sequoia: thick bark and quick growth. B．Fireweed: fast regrowth and wind-spread branches. C．Ponderosa Pine: strong lower branches and big canopy. D．California Lilac: hard seed coat and inactivity after fires. 41．A mountainous region has just experienced its first major wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely hot, leaving behind deep layers of ash and exposed soil. The area is expected to remain open, with strong seasonal winds blowing across it. Which plant would most likely to recolonise this environment? A．Giant Sequoia. B．Fireweed. C．Ponderosa Pine. D．California Lilac 42．Where would you most likely find the above piece of information? A．In a travel guide about California forests. B．In a gardening magazine focused on domestic plants. C．In a newspaper report on recent California wildfires. D．In a field guide about fire-adapted plants. (C) This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence of freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been known for decades, but it had remained virtually unexplored. Then, in 2019, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Columbia University announced a ‌“surprising discovery.” Using electromagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath of fresh water below the ocean, stretching along the shore from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and possibly farther. ‌“It appears to be the largest such formation yet found in the world,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questions: how did it get there? How old is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, importantly: Could coastal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this provide a new freshwater resource for a thirsty world? The vast reservoir off the US coast is just one of many believed to be hidden under the world’s oceans. A team of international scientists decided to look for answers — that meant drilling directly into the aquifer. They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water. Another mystery to unravel is the age of the water. It could be 200 years old, it could be 20,000 years old, said Brandon Dugan, a geophysics professor at the Colorado School of Mines and a leader on the expedition. The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging. They should have the answers in around six months, Dugan said. The scientists will also run tests to determine the water’s origin — it may have come from a melting glacier or from rain. Knowing the origin will help reveal ‌“how these systems have evolved over time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding to other areas where there is evidence of offshore freshwater aquifers, such as Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. It will also help them figure out how these undersea freshwater resources are changing as global sea level rises, whether they are growing or shrinking. ‌“Answering these questions is important for predicting how we might use the water in the future,” Michael said. There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the question of who will manage, treat and pay for the water, which will be pulled from federal waters before being sent to states and then cities. Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it. “Pumping could also lead to contamination of onshore aquifers if the two systems are connected,” Attias said. “Tapping offshore groundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Protecting the fresh water we have on land is still the best thing we can do...Of course, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look for alternate options, which is why we are doing this science.‌” Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said. He estimates it will take around 10 years before offshore aquifers could be properly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this postage stamp of New England and start thinking about how it relates to other areas.‌” 43．According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about underwater aquifer? A．Scientists first found freshwater below the Atlantic Ocean in 2019. B．The water originates entirely from melting glaciers. C．The salt content of the water is suitable for drinking. D．The technology to tap the water is now available. 44．What can be inferred from the passage about the age of the water in the aquifer? A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value B．It is a key factor in assessing the sustainability of the resource. C．Older water is preferable because it is purer. D．Scientists have already reached an agreement on the water age. 45．The author discusses the “technical problems” in the last few paragraphs primarily to ________. A．criticize the current inefficiency of water management policies B．explain why protecting on-land freshwater remains the best option C．demonstrate the superiority of this new resource over others D．highlight the obstacles that must be overcome before practical use 46．What is the best title for the passage? A．Prediction about a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discovery B．Unlocking the secrets of Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic C．The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater D．Old Wisdom Saving Modern People from Water Crises Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 47 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 48 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 49 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 50 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A．Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B．Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C．They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D．Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E．Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F．When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as) 53．对于一家老字号品牌而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) 54．随着幕布升起，首次亮相的演员们随着音乐的节拍尽情载歌载舞。(With) 55．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (worth) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明天中学的一名高三学生李华。你们学校将邀请来自英国的大学教授Peter Brown来访参观。你负责和他联系，他给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据他在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。内容须包括： 1) 具体的活动安排； 2) 活动安排的理由。 Dear Li Hua, I’m a professor from the UK. I’m very interested in Chinese education and campus life. I’ll visit your school next month and would like to spend a day experiencing school life there. Could you please design a one-day schedule for me and explain your reasons for the arrangement? Yours, Peter Brown ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共14页） 试题 第4页（共14页） 试题 第5页（共14页） 试题 第6页（共14页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷01） 高三英语·参考答案 I．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1.that/which 2. had never seen 3. leaving 4. It 5. so that 6. cleverer 7. was sent 8. that 9. with 10. whether Section B 11．D 12．C 13．G 14．H 15．I 16．A 17．E 18．J 19．B 20．K II．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C Section B 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．C Section C 47．A 48．F 49．D 50．C III．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 【51】Hidden sugars in daily food exceed health limits, posing severe health risks. It disrupts metabolism, increasing diabetes risk through insulin resistance. Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol. Furthermore, it harms brain function, weakening cognitive capacity by shrinking hippocampus and causing addiction. Mindful dietary choices are essential to reduce sugar intake. IV. Translation （15%） 【52】The new policy is as beneficial to the employees as it is to the company. 【53】What does it take for a time-honored brand to maintain its appeal? 【54】With the curtain rising, the actors making their debut danced and sang heartily to the rhythm of the music. 【55】Last Tuesday, I picked up a comic book at a second-hand bookstore; though it was slightly worn, its vivid illustrations and clear text made it well worth the price. V. Guided Writing （25%） 【参考答案】Dear Professor Peter Brown,   I'm delighted to design a one-day schedule for your visit to our school.   In the morning, from 8:00-9:00, you’ll attend a Chinese class. This is to let you experience the unique charm of Chinese language and culture teaching. Then, from 9:30-11:00, you can visit our school's clubs, such as the calligraphy club and the traditional music club. This will help you understand students’ extracurricular interests and cultural inheritance efforts.   After lunch, from 14:00-15:30, you’ll have a discussion with our teachers on Chinese educational systems. Given your interest in Chinese education, this can provide in-depth insights. Finally, from 16:00-17:30, you’ll participate in a class activity with students, like a group discussion or a game. This is to experience the interactive and lively campus atmosphere.   I believe this schedule can meet your expectations of experiencing Chinese education and campus life. If you have any other requirements, please let me know. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $