Starter Section 11 & Section 12语法讲解及习题2025-2026学年北师大版七年级英语上册

北师大版英语七上Starter Section 11 & Section 12 语法讲解及习题 一、语法核心内容 （一）句子成分（Sentence Parts, Section 11） 1. 定义：句子成分是构成句子的各个部分，它们共同表达完整的意思。 2. 核心句子成分及例句 主语 (Subject)：句子所描述的人或事物，是动作的发出者或状态的主体。 例句：Mike sings English songs well.（迈克唱英文歌唱得很好。） 例句：Our English teacher is nice.（我们的英语老师很好。） 谓语动词 (Predicate Verb)：表示主语的动作或行为。 例句：Mike sings English songs well.（迈克唱英文歌唱得很好。） 宾语 (Object)：动作的承受者，通常跟在及物动词之后。 例句：Mike sings English songs well.（迈克唱英文歌唱得很好。） 状语 (Adverbial)：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。 例句：Mike sings English songs well.（迈克唱英文歌唱得很好。） 系动词 (Linking Verb)：用来连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 例句：Our English teacher is nice.（我们的英语老师很好。） 表语 (Predicative)：跟在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 例句：Our English teacher is nice.（我们的英语老师很好。） 祈使句结构：表示命令、请求或建议，通常省略主语you，以动词原形开头。 例句：Look at the picture.（看这张图片。） 例句：Be quiet, please.（请安静。） （二）疑问词（Question Words, Section 12） 1. 定义：疑问词用于引导特殊疑问句，对句子中的特定信息进行提问。 2. 常见疑问词及用法 What：询问“什么”，用于事物、颜色、职业等。 例句：What colour do you like?（你喜欢什么颜色？） 例句：What's this in English?（这个用英语怎么说？） When：询问“什么时候”，用于时间。 例句：When do the leaves turn yellow?（树叶什么时候变黄？） Who：询问“谁”，用于人。 例句：Who likes green best?（谁最喜欢绿色？） Why：询问“为什么”，用于原因。 例句：Why do you like white?（你为什么喜欢白色？） Which：询问“哪一个”，用于在特定范围内选择。 例句：Which T-shirt do you like, the black one or the blue one?（你喜欢哪件T恤，黑色的还是蓝色的？） How：询问“如何、怎样”，用于方式、程度等。 例句：How can you turn red into orange?（你怎么把红色变成橙色？） 例句：How do you spell it?（你怎么拼写它？） Where：询问“在哪里”，用于地点。 例句：Where are my brown socks?（我的棕色袜子在哪里？） 二、分层练习题 （一）标出下列句子的成分 1. We like English very much. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 宾语：______ 状语：______ 2. Our English class is interesting. 主语：______ 系动词：______ 表语：______ 3. She reads books every day. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 宾语：______ 状语：______ 4. The students are happy. 主语：______ 系动词：______ 表语：______ 5. He plays football well. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 宾语：______ 状语：______ 6. They go to school by bike. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 状语：______ 7. My mother is a doctor. 主语：______ 系动词：______ 表语：______ 8. We listen to music carefully. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 宾语：______ 状语：______ 9. The flowers are beautiful. 主语：______ 系动词：______ 表语：______ 10. I learn English every morning. 主语：______ 谓语动词：______ 宾语：______ 状语：______ （二）用正确的疑问词填空 1. —______ is your favourite colour? —My favourite colour is blue. 2. —______ do you like best? —I like red best. 3. —______ do you like the colour? —I like it because it's bright. 4. —______ T-shirt do you like, the red one or the green one? —I like the red one. 5. —______ do you go to school? —I go to school by bus. 6. —______ are my shoes? —They are under the bed. 7. —______ is that man? —He is my uncle. 8. —______ do you have PE class? —We have PE class on Friday. 9. —______ do you spell "pencil"? —P-E-N-C-I-L. 10. —______ is this in English? —It's a ruler. （三）根据划线部分提问 1. I like yellow, green and orange, and I like orange best. → ______________________________________________________________ 2. I like brown, but Tom likes green. → ______________________________________________________________ 3. The red flowers come out between April and May. → ______________________________________________________________ 4. I like white because I like snow very much. → ______________________________________________________________ 5. My English teacher is nice. → ______________________________________________________________ 6. Mike sings English songs well. → ______________________________________________________________ 7. Our English class is interesting. → ______________________________________________________________ 8. I go to school by bike. → ______________________________________________________________ 9. The library is next to the classroom. → ______________________________________________________________ 10. We have PE class on Friday. → ______________________________________________________________ （四）单项选择 1. —________ do you like best? —I like blue best. A. What B. Which C. Where 2. —________ is that man? —He is my father. A. Who B. What C. Where 3. —________ do you go to school? —I go to school on foot. A. How B. When C. Where 4. —________ are my books? —They are on the desk. A. Where B. What C. Who 5. —________ do you like this book? —Because it's very interesting. A. Why B. What C. Which 三、答案与解析 （一）标出下列句子的成分 1. 主语：We；谓语动词：like；宾语：English；状语：very much 2. 主语：Our English class；系动词：is；表语：interesting 3. 主语：She；谓语动词：reads；宾语：books；状语：every day 4. 主语：The students；系动词：are；表语：happy 5. 主语：He；谓语动词：plays；宾语：football；状语：well 6. 主语：They；谓语动词：go；状语：to school by bike 7. 主语：My mother；系动词：is；表语：a doctor 8. 主语：We；谓语动词：listen to；宾语：music；状语：carefully 9. 主语：The flowers；系动词：are；表语：beautiful 10. 主语：I；谓语动词：learn；宾语：English；状语：every morning 解析：根据句子成分的定义和功能进行判断。 （二）用正确的疑问词填空 1. What 2. What/Which 3. Why 4. Which 5. How 6. Where 7. Who 8. When 9. How 10. What 解析：根据答语的内容选择合适的疑问词。 （三）根据划线部分提问 1. What colour do you like best? 2. Who likes green? 3. When do the red flowers come out? 4. Why do you like white? 5. Who is nice? 6. What does Mike sing well? 7. How is your English class? / What is your English class like? 8. How do you go to school? 9. Where is the library? 10. When do you have PE class? 解析：根据划线部分的内容选择合适的疑问词，并将句子改为特殊疑问句。 （四）单项选择 1. A 解析：询问最喜欢的颜色用What。 2. A 解析：询问人用Who。 3. A 解析：询问交通方式用How。 4. A 解析：询问地点用Where。 5. A 解析：询问原因用Why。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $