Unit 5 Animals Helping People-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（教科版）

8年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit5】Animals Helping People 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 confidence/'kpnfidans/n.信心：多：将近 归的 信任：自信心 hunting'hnt/n.打猎：狩猎advantage /ad'va:ntid3/n.有利 patient/'pent/adj.有耐心的n.v.打猎：搜寻(hunt的现在分条件：优势：好处 病人 词) sadness/'saednas//n.悲伤；忧伤 condition /kan'd山n/n.条件：状well known/,wel'naUn/短语著passenger/pasmd3()/n.乘客： 况：环境V使适应：使健康名的：众所周知的 旅客 disabled/d'serbld/adj.残疾的；for instance /f:'nstans/短语例for a while /fo:3war/短语一会 有缺陷的 如；比如 儿；暂时 company/'kAmpani//n.公司；陪control/kan'tral/v.控制；支配 伴：同伴 n.控制；管理 nearly/nrali/adv.几乎；差不homeless/'haumlas/adj.无家可 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.confidence/'kpnfidans/n.信心；信任；自信心 形容词形式：confident/'kpnfidant/.(自信的) 构词解析：后缀-ence:构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”；形容词形式通过去”-ence”加’-ent”构成 (confidence→confident)。 同类词：difference（差异)一→different(不同的)、patience(耐心)→patient(有耐心的) 例句：She has confidence in her ability to finish the task on time. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：He became more (confidence)after winning the competition.(答案：confident) 2.patient/pent/adj.有耐心的n.病人 名词形式（抽象名词）：patience /'perfns/(耐心) 副词形式：patiently/'perfntli/(耐心地) 构词解析：后缀-ent:构成形容词；-ence是对应的名词后缀(patient→patience):-ly构成副词。 例句：The teacher is always patient with her students. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：You need to have patience when learning a new language,. 1 8年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.condition /kan'dn/n.条件：状况；环境v.使适应：使健康 形容词形式：conditional /kan'dnl/(有条件的) 构词解析：后缀-tion:构成名词；-al加在名词后构成形容词(condition→conditional)。 同类词：nation(国家)→national(国家的)、education(教育)→educational(教育的) The company agreed to the deal on the condition that we pay in advance. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习)：His support is(condition)on our finishing the project by Friday..(答案：conditional) 4.disabled/dr'serbld/adj.残疾的：有缺陷的 动词形式：disable/d'sebl/(使残疾；使丧失能力) 名词形式：disability/,disa'bilati/(残疾：障碍) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表否定、相反”；后缀-able:构成形容词，表可…的”；disable去”e”加d' 构成形容词disabled;ity构成名词(disable→disability)。 例句：We should help disabled people in our daily life 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：The accident disabled him and he could no longer walk. 5.homeless/'heumlas/adj.无家可归的 名词形式：home（家) 反义词：homed(有家庭的，较少用，常用with a home) 构词解析：前缀home-:表”家”；后缀less:加在名词后构成形容词，表”无…的”（反义后缀)。 同类词：careless(粗心的)、hopeless(绝望的) 例句：Many homeless people live on the streets in big cities, 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：The charity provides food and shelter for一 (home) children.(答案：homeless) 6.sadness/'saednas/n.悲伤；忧伤 形容词形式：sad/sed(悲伤的) 副词形式：sadly/'sedi/(悲伤地) 构词解析：后缀ness:加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”（sad→sadness):-y构成副 词。 同类词：happiness(幸福)、kindness(善良) 例句：Her eyes were filled with sadness when she heard the bad news. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：He shook his head(sad)and walked away.(答案： sadly) 7.control /kan'tral/v.控制：支配n.控制：管理 形容词形式：controllable/kan'traulabl/(可控制的) 反义词：uncontrollable/,nkn'traulabl/（无法控制的) 构词解析：前缀con-:表”共同”：后缀-able:构成形容词，表可…的'：n-为否定前缀(controllable →uncontrollable)。 例句：It's important to control your emotions in difficult situations. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：The fire spread so fast that it became (control).(答 8年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 案：uncontrollable) 8.advantage/ad'va:ntId3/n.有利条件：优势：好处 形容词形式：advantageous/,evan'teId3as/(有利的) 反义词：disadvantage/,dsad'va:ntId3(劣势；缺点) 构词解析：前缀ad-:表”向、对'；后缀-age:构成名词：-ous构成形容词(advantage→advantageous): dis-为否定前缀(advantage→disadvantage)。 Living in the city has many advantages,such as convenient transportation 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：His experience gives him an__ (advantage)over other candidates.(答案：advantage) 9.passenger/'paesind(r)/n.乘客；旅客 动词形式：pass /pa:s/(经过；传递) 构词解析：词根pass:表”通过”；后缀-enger:加在动词后构成名词，表”做…的人”(pass→ passenger)。 同类词：messenger(信使)、manager(经理) 例句：The passenger forgot to take his bag when he got off the bus.. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：Passengers are not allowed to smoke on the train. 10.well known/wel'nan/短语著名的；众所周知的 同义词组：famous/'fems/(著名的) 名词形式：fame /ferm/(名声；名望) 构词解析：well(副词，”很好地”)+kowm(know的过去分词，”被知道的”)构成形容词短语： famous中后缀-ous表”具有…性质的'(fame→famous)。 例句：Mo Yan is a well--known writer around the world. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：Yao Ming is。 (well known)for his basketball skills. (答案：well known) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.She showed great()while teaching the little girl to read. 7.The company offers good working()for its employees. 8.We should help__(残疾的)people instead of looking down on them. 9.Many_(无家可归的)children are taken care of by the local charity. l0.The news brought great.__(悲伤)to all of us. 3 8年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.After the competition,she became more (confidence)in her abilities 7.The nurse treated the (patient)with kindness and care. 8.His support is (condition)on us finishing the project on time. 9.The fire spread so quickly that it was(control). 10.She shook her head (sad)when she heard the bad news. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.我们应该对自己有信心。 We should have ourselves. 6.耐心是学习一门新语言的关键。 is the key to learning a new language. 7.这家旅馆为 (乘客)提供免费早餐。 The hotel provides free breakfast for 8.莫言是世界上 (著名的)作家之一。 Mo Yan is one of the writers in the world. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom used to lack (confidence).He was afraid to speak in public and often felt (sad). One day,his teacher encouragedhim to join a speech competition.With the teacher's (patient) help,Tom practiced(patient)every day.He learned to control his nerves and finally won the first prize.His success gave him an (advantage)in future competitions.Now,Tom isno longer shy;he even volunteers to help (disable)children in his free time.He says that (kind) and confidence can change a person's life. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.patience 7.conditions 8.disabled 9.homeless 10.sadness 4 8年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.confident 7.patients 8.conditional 9.uncontrollable 10.sadly I.完成句子 5.confidence in 6.Patience 7.passengers 8.well-known/famous V.语篇填空 1.confidence 2.sad 3.patient 4.patiently 5.advantage 6.disabled 7.kindness 5