Unit 3 Yang Liwei's Mission to Space-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（教科版）

8下教科版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit3】Yang Liwei's Mission to Space 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 blast off /bla:stDf短语（火箭 spaceman/'speisman/n.宇航员；skill/k/n.技能：技巧；手艺 等)发射：升空 太空人 fence /fens/n.栅栏；篱笆：围墙 board /b:d/n.木板：甲板：董task/ta:s/n.任务：工作 V.用篱笆围住 事会V.上（船、车、飞机等）army/a:mi/n.军队：陆军；大active/'ektv/adj.积极的：活跃 engineer/,end3'nIa(r)/n.工程批 的：主动的 师：技师 at last/etla:st/短语最后：终于 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.engineer/.end3I'nIa(r)/n.工程师；技师 动词形式：engineer(设计；策划) 构词解析：后缀-：加在动词或名词后，表“从事…职业的人”。 同类词：teacher(教师)、worker(工人) 例句：My uncle is an engineer who works in a car factory 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman (engineer)in space.(答案：engineer) 2.active/ektv/adj.积极的；活跃的：主动的 名词形式：activity(活动) 副词形式：actively(积极地) 反义词：inactive(不活跃的) 构词解析：前缀act.(做，行动)+后缀-ive（构成形容词，表“有…性质的”)：-ity构成名词， 表“状态、行为”：y构成副词。 同类词：creative(创造性的)一creativity(创造力) 例句：She takes an active part in after-school activities. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：We should keep active and exercise every day. 3.task/ta:skn.任务：工作 动词形式：task(派给任务：使辛劳) 构词解析：名词task直接转化为动词，表“给某人分配任务”。 1 8下教科版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The teacher tasked us with finishing the report by Friday. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：It's our (task)to clean the classroom today.(答案： task) 4.board /b:d/n.木板；甲板：董事会v.上（船、车、飞机等) 合成词：blackboard(黑板)、keyboard(键盘) 构词解析：名词board意为“木板”，与其他词结合构成合成词：动词表“登上（交通工具）”，为多 义词。 例句：Passengers must board the plane30 minutes before takeoff, 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：They wrote the words on the board.. 5.skil/kl/n.技能：技巧：手艺 形容词形式：skilled(熟练的：有技能的)、skillful(灵巧的：熟练的) 构词解析：后缀-ed-ful加在名词skil后构成形容词，表“有…技能的”。 同类词：care(关心)一→careful(细心的) 例句：He is skilled in playing the piano. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习)：Cooking is a useful(skill)for everyone.(答案：skill) 6.army/'amin.军队；陆军；大批 复数形式：mies(军队；大群) 构词解析：名词amy表示“军队”时，集合名词；表“大批”时，可与of连用，如an army of ants (一群蚂蚁)。 例句：An army of volunteers helped clean up the park 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：The_(amy)are training hard for the coming parade. (答案：any) 7.fence /fens/n.栅栏；篱笆：围墙v.用篱笆围住 动词短语：fence in(用栅栏围起来) 构词解析：名词fence意为“栅栏”，动词表“用栅栏围”，为同源动词。 例句：They fenced the garden to keep animals out.. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：The farmer built a(fence)around his field.(答案： fence) 8.blast off/bla:stDf短语（火箭等）发射；升空 近义词组：take of(起飞) 构词解析：动词blst(爆炸；冲击)+副词off(离开)，构成动词短语，表“火箭等离地升空”。 例句：The spaceship will blast off at9a.m.tomorrow 真题链接（教科版八年级下册教材例句）：We watched the rocket blast off into the sky. 9.at last/etla:st/短语最后；终于 近义词组：finally(最后)、in the end(最终) 构词解析：介词at+名词last构成固定短语，表“经过一段时间后最终…”。 8下教科版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：At last,.we arrived at the mountain top. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）： (at last),they finished the hard work.(答案：At last) 10.spaceman/'spersman/n.宇航员；太空人 复数形式：spacemen 构词解析：合成词：space(太空)+man(人)，表“太空人”；复数不规则变化，将-man变为-mem。 同类词：policeman(警察)→policemen 例句：The spaceman returned to Earth safely after the mission. 真题链接（教科版八年级下册同步练习）：Yang Liwei is a great (spaceman)in China.（答案： spaceman 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.My father is an (工程师)who designs bridges. 2.We need to finish this (任务)before the weekend. 3.The students are writing new words on the (木板)in class. 4.Swimming is a useful__(技能)for everyone 5.An (军队)of ants is moving towards the food. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She is very (skill)at playing the guitar. 2.We should take an (act)part in after-school activities 3.The teacher _(task)us with cleaning the lab yesterday. 4.There are two_(spaceman)in the spaceship. 5.They built a (fence)around the garden to keep dogs out. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.The rocket will (发射)at8o'clock tomorrow morning. 2 (最后)，we found the lost key in the drawer.. 3.My brother wants to be an__(工程师)when he grows up. 3 8下教科版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.Cooking is an important (技能)for students to learn. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom wants to be an (engineer)in the future.He is very (act)in his science class and often asks questions.Last week,the teacher (task)the class with building a model plane.Tom used his (skill)hands to put the parts together.They wrote the steps on the (board)and worked together (At last),their plane could fly high.Tom felt proud of his team.He hopes to design real planes that can (blast off)into space one day.Maybe he will meet _(spaceman)from other countries! 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.engineer 2.task 3.board 4.skill 5.army Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.skilled/skillful 2.active 3.tasked 4.spacemen 5.fence I.完成句子 1.blast off 2.At last 3.engineer 4.skill V.语篇填空 1.engineer 2.active 3.tasked 4.skilled 5.board 6.At 7.last 8.blast 9.off 10.spacemen