Unit 3 Festivals and Holidays-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（北师大版）

8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit3】Festivals and Holidays 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 lucky/'lki/adj.幸运的；侥幸enjoyable/md3 or3bl/adj.令人将近 的：吉利的 愉快的：有乐趣的 expect/ik'spekt//v.期待：预料： peace /pi::s/n.和平；平静：和睦failure/'ferlja(r)/n.失败：失败盼望；认为 wish /wIf/v.希望；祝愿；想要的人或事：故障 million/'mjn/num.百万；百 n.愿望；祝愿；希望 worried/'wrid/adj.担心的；发万个（人或物)n.百万；数百万 bright /brart/adj.明亮的；聪明愁的 fyfa/v.油炸；油煎：油炒n. 的：鲜艳的；乐观的 prefer /pri'f3:)/V.更喜欢；宁鱼苗；油炸食品 beat /bi:t/v.打败；战胜；拍打；愿 心跳n.节拍：跳动 early/'nali/adv.几乎；差不多： 词义辨析及同义替换 1. lucky'IAki/adj.幸运的：侥幸的：吉利的 词义辨析： ucky:强调”偶然得到好运”，指由于运气好而获得成功或避免不幸，是普通用词。 fortunate:语气较强，正式用词，指因好运而带来的有利结果”，更强调机遇或命运的眷顾。 同义替换： fortunate,blessed 例句： She was lucky enough to win the first prize in the competition 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） -You found your lost wallet!How you are -Yes,a kind person returned it to me A.careful B.lucky C.brave(答案：B) 2.peace /pi:s/n.和平；平静；和睦 词义辨析： 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 pace:指”国家、地区之间的和平”或”个人内心的平静、安宁”，是不可数名词。 quit:侧重”环境的安静、没有噪音”，也可指”人性格的文静”，可作名词或形容词。 同义替换： harmony,calm 例句： We all hope for peace in the world. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） After the storm,the sea returned to A.peace B.quiet C.silence （答案：A) 3.wish /wIf/v.希望；祝愿；想要n.愿望；祝愿：希望 词义辨析： wsh(V.):表示”希望”时，后面接从句常用虚拟语气，指难以实现的愿望：作”祝愿”讲时，后 接名词或代词。 hope(v):表示'希望”时，后面接从句或不定式，指可以实现的愿望，主语通常是人。 同义替换： hope,desire (v.);desire,hope (n.) 例句： I wish I could fly like a bird.(虚拟语气，难以实现) I hope to visit Beijing next year..(可实现) 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册期末复习题） My mother always_me good luck before exams. A.hopes B.wishes C.wants (答案：B) 4.bright /brat/adj.明亮的：聪明的：鲜艳的；乐观的 词义辨析： bght:形容”明亮的”时，指光线强或颜色鲜艳：形容”聪明的”时，指人头脑灵活、反应快。 clever:侧重'聪明、机灵'，指人学习能力强或解决问题的能力突出。 同义替换： shining,intelligent,vivid 例句： The sun is bright today She is a bright student in our class. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The _colors of the flowers make the garden very beautiful. A.bright B.dark C.light(答案：A) 5.beat /bi:t/v.打败；战胜；拍打；心跳n.节拍：跳动 2 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： bat(v.)表示”打败”时，宾语通常是对手或团队，强调在比赛或战斗中获胜：还可指”拍打 或”心跳。 wn(v.):表示'赢得'时，宾语通常是比赛、奖品、荣誉等，不直接接人。 同义替换： defeat,hit (v.)rhythm,pulse (n.) 例句： Our team beat theirs in the football match She won the first prize in the singing competition 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） He the drum loudly to cheer for the players. A.beat B.wonC.hit(答案：A) 6.enjoyable/m'd3Ibl/adj.令人愉快的；有乐趣的 词义辨析： enjoyable:强调’令人享受的、使人感到快乐的”，主语通常是事物，如经历、活动等。 pleased:形容”高兴的、满意的'，主语通常是人，指人对某事感到满意。 同义替换： pleasant,delightful 例句： We had an enjoyable trip to the mountains. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The movie was so that we all laughed a lot A.enjoyable B.boring ,C.difficult(答案：A) 7.failure/'feja/n.失败：失败的人或事：故障 词义辦析： failure:指’失败”时，是不可数名词：指”失败的人或事”时，是可数名词：还可指”机器等的 故障”。 defeat(n.):侧重”在比赛、战争等中的失败'，是可数名词，强调被打败的结果。 同义替换： defeat,breakdown 例句： Failure is the mother of success.(不可数) He felt like a failure after losing the game.( 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册阅读理解题） The experiment ended in,but the scientists didn't give up. A.failure B.success C.trouble (答案：A) 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 8.worried/'wrid/ad.担心的：发愁的 词义辨析： worried:指”担心的、发愁的'，强调人因某事而感到不安，常用搭配be worried about。. anxious: 侧重”焦虑的、渴望的”，指人因担心未来或急于做某事而感到紧张不安。 同义替换： anxious,concerned 例句： My parents are worried about my study. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） She looks because she can't find her keys. A.worried B.happy C.excited(答案：A) 9.prefer /prI'f3:r)/v.更喜欢；宁愿 词义辨析： prefer:表示”更喜欢'，常用搭配prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A)或prefer doing to doing,强 调两者中更倾向于某一方。 like:表示，喜欢”，程度不如prefer深，后面可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词。 同义替换： favor,would rather 例句： I prefer tea to coffee. I like reading books 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册期末复习题） —Which sport do you swimming or running? -I like swimming better A.prefer B.like C.enjoy (答案：A) l0.eary/nali/adv.几乎；差不多：将近 词义辨析： nearly:表示”几乎、差不多”，指接近但未完全达到，可与not连用构成not nearly(远非、根本 不)。 almost:与nearly意思相近，但almost可用于any,no,none,never等否定词前，nearly一般不可 以。 同义替换： almost,approximately 例句： It's nearly 10 o'clock. Almost no one believed him.(不可用nearly) 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） He finished his homework when his mother came back A.nearly B.almost C.hardly (答案：A) 11.expect/k'spekt//v.期待：预料；盼望：认为 词义辨析： expect::表示”期待、盼望”时，指对未来的事情有期待：表示”预料”时，指根据经验或情况推 测某事会发生。 hope:表示”希望时，指对未来的美好愿望，后面接不定式或从句，不接复合宾语(hope sb.to do是错误用法)。 同义替换： look forward to,anticipate 例句： I expect to see you soon. I hope it will rain tomorrow. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） We the bus to arrive in 10 minutes. A.expect B.hope C.wish(答案：A) 12.million/'miljan/um.百万：百万个（人或物）n.百万：数百万 词义辨析： millio:前面有具体数字时，用单数形式，如two million:前面没有具体数字，后面接of时，用 复数形式millions,如millions of(数百万的)。 hundred/thousand:用法与million类似，具体数字后用单数，不接of:表示不确定数目时用复数， 后接of,如hundreds of(数百的)，thousands of(数千的)。 同义替换： a million,millions of 例句： There are about two million people in this city. Millions of birds fly to the south in winter. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） people visit the Great Wall every year. A.Million B.Millions C.Millions of (答案：C) 13.fyfa/v.油炸：油煎：油炒n.鱼苗：油炸食品 词义辨析： fiy(v.):指'油炸、油煎”，是烹饪方式，常用搭配fry sth.in oil。 cook(V):泛指”烹饪、做饭”， 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.She was to catch the last bus before it left. A.lucky B.fortunate C.careful 2.After the long journey,all we wanted was and quiet. A.peace B.silence C.noise 3.My best friend me success in the coming exam A.hopes B.wishes C.wants 4.The stars lit up the dark sky on a clear night. A.bright B.clever C.dark 5.Our team worked hard and finally the strong opponent. A.beat B.won C.hit 6.The summer camp was an experience for all the children. A.enjoyable B.pleased C.boring 7.Though he faced many difficulties,he never gave up and turned failure into A.success B.peace C.failure 8.The mother looks because her little boy hasn't come home yet. A.worried 6 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.happy C.excited 9.-Do you tea or coffee? 一I like tea better. A.prefer B.like C.enjoy 10.It's midnight,so we should go to bed soon. A.nearly B.almost C.hardly 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We all wish for world (和平)and happiness, 2.She is a (聪明的)girl who solves problems quickly: 3.My father (祝愿)me good luck before the competition, 4.The (明亮的)sunlight came through the window in the morning. 5.He (几乎)forgot to take his keys when he left home. 6.We (期待)the new movie to be released next month, 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The children had an (enjoy)time at the amusement park. 2.I (prefer)reading books to watching TV in my free time 3.She is (worry)about her dog because it's missing. 4.The (beat)of the music made everyone want to dance. 5. (lucky),he passed the exam with the help of his teacher. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.我希望我能和鸟儿一样飞翔。 fly like a bird. 7 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.她因在比赛中获胜而感到自豪。 She took pride in the competition. 3.这场暴风雨过后，湖面恢复了平静。 After the storm,the lake returned to 4.他几乎花光了所有的钱买这本书。 He spent all his money on this book. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last weekend,I went hiking with my friends.The weather was (bright/clever),and the sun shone warmly.We walked through a forest with(bright/clever)flowers and green trees.Along the way,Tom told us funny stories,which made the trip very(enjoyable/pleased) Suddenly,we heard a strange sound.It was a small bird with a broken wing.We felt (wor- ried/anxious)and decided to help it.Mike,who is good at animals,gently picked it up.We (expected/hoped)it would get better soon,so we took it to a nearby animal hospital. The doctor said the bird would recover in a few days.We were (lucky/fortunate)to save it. On our way back,we talked about the experience.I (prefer/hope)such meaningful trips in the future.It taught us to care for nature and life. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.peace 2.bright 3.wishes 4.bright 5.nearly 6.expect Ⅱ工.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.enjoyable 2.prefer 3.worried 4.beat 5.Luckily V.完成句子 1.wish;could 2.winning 3.peace 4.nearly V.语篇填空 1.bright 2.bright 3.enjoyable 4.worried 5.expected 6.lucky 7.prefer 8