Unit 4 Natural disasters-2025-2026学年九年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（沪教版）

9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 自然灾害专题 【Unit4】Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 *asteroid/'aestaroId/n.小行星 stare/stea(r)/v.盯着看；凝视：花时间；没有时间做… *typhoon /tar'fn/n.台风 注视 fall on deaf ears不被理睬；不被 *earthquake/'3:kwerk/n.地震screen/skri:n/n.屏幕；荧光屏 注意 melt/melt//V.(使)熔化；（使）notice/nautis/v.看（或听）到；stare at盯着看：凝视：注视 融化 注意到：意识到 in surprise惊讶地 flood/flad/v.(使)灌满水；淹awake /a'weik/v.(awoke,awo-for now暂时 没 ken)(使)醒来 survival kit救生包（装有食物、 badly'bedi/adv.严重地：厉害immediately /'mi:diati/adv.立医疗用品和工具) 地 即：马上：即刻 be)dying to (do sth.)渴望（做 alive'larv/adj.活着：在世 missing/ms/adj.失踪的 某事)：极想（做某事） pool/pu:/n.水坑；水塘 fellow/'fela/adj.同类的：同伴check in(a)(在旅馆、机场等) object/'bd3kt/n.物体；物品 的 登记；报到 coach /kaut/n.长途汽车 stress/stres/n.精神压力；紧张 can't wait(to do sth.)迫不及待 pass/pasV.通过 natural disaster自然灾害 想（做某事） line1am/n.电话线路 pass by经过；路过 to be honest说实在的 dead/ded/adj.(因为缺电)不stick with持续；坚持 fall over跌倒：摔倒；被…绊 运行的：不转动的 sit around无所事事地消磨时倒 boss/bos/n.老板 间：闲坐 keep one's balance保持平衡 deaf /def/adj..聋的 have no time to do不愿为·build up建立 词义辨析及同义替换 1.alive/e'larv/adj.活着：在世 词义辨析： live:侧重指“活着的状态”，可用于人或物，常作表语或后置定语，不能作前置定语。 living:强调“有生命的”，可作表语或前置定语，如living things(生物)。 同义替换： 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 living,surviving 例句： After the earthquake,few people remained alive in the building. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） The cat was still when we found it under the tree A.alive B.living C.dead (答案：A) 2.dead/ded/adi.(因为缺电)不运行的：不转动的 词义辨析： dead:除表“无生命的”，还特指“（设备因缺电）不运行的”，如dead phone(没电的手机)。 broken:侧重“物理损坏的、无法使用的”，如broken window(破窗户)。 同义替换： non-functioning,out of power 例句： The clock is dead because the battery ran out 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下单元测试） My laptop went during the storm because the power was cut off. A.dead B.broken C.alive (答案：A) 3.nelt /melt/v.(使)熔化；（使）融化 词义辨析： mlt:指固体受热“融化”（如冰、雪）或“熔化”（如金属），强调形态变化。 dissolve:侧重固体在液体中“溶解”，如sugar dissolves in water(糖溶于水)。 同义替换： thaw,liquefy 例句： The snow on the roof began to melt in the warm sun 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） If you put butter in the microwave,it will quickly. A.melt B.freeze C.dissolve (答案：A) 4.f1ood/flAd/v.(使)灌满水；淹没 2 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 词义辨析： flood:强调“大量水流淹没某地”，常与地区名词搭配，如flood the village(淹没村庄)。 drown:指“（人/动物）溺水身亡”，或“（声音等）被淹没”，如drown in tears(泪流满面)。 同义替换： inundate,submerge 例句： Heavy rain flooded the streets and caused traffic jams. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下期中测试） The river many houses after the typhoon,leaving hundreds of people homeless. A.flooded B.dried C.froze (答案：A) 5.pass/pa:s/V.通过 词义辨析： pass:侧重“经过、通过（考试/地点）”，如pass the exam(通过考试)、pass by(路过)。 pass by:固定短语，强调“从旁边经过”，不涉及“通过”的结果，如A bus passed by just now. 同义替换： go through,get past 例句： She was lucky to pass the driving test on her first try. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下单元测试） You need to the bridge to get to the other side of the river. A.pass B.fail C.stop (答案：A) 6.stare/ste)/v.盯着看；凝视；注视 词义辨析： tare:强调“长时间目不转睛地看”，常含“好奇、惊讶或无礼”，搭配stare at。 glance:指“快速瞥一眼”，时间短暂，搭配glance at。 同义替换： gaze,fix one's eyes on 例句： It's impolite to stare at strangers in public. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） The little girl at the colorful toys in the shop window for a long time. A.stared 3 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 B.glanced C.laughed (答案：A) 7.notice/nautis/v.看（或听）到：注意到；意识到 词义辨析： notice:侧重“无意中注意到某物”，强调结果，后可接名词、从句或“宾语+宾补”。 observe:指“有意识地观察、仔细留意”，如observe the stars（观察星星)。 同义替换： see,spot 例句： I noticed a strange man following me when I walked home. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下期末测试） Did you the sign on the wall that says"No Smoking"? A.notice B.ignore C.forget (答案：A) 8.immediately/'mi:diatli/adv.立即；马上：即刻 词义辨析： immediately: 强调“时间上没有延迟”，可放句首、句中或句末。 at once::与immediately同义，但更口语化，常用于祈使句，如Do it at once! 同义替换： right away,at once 例句： The teacher asked us to hand in the homework immediately. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） You should call the police if you see a crime happening A.immediately B.slowly C.lately (答案：A) 9.stress/tres/n.精神压力；紧张 词义辨析： stress:指因工作、学习等产生的“精神压力”，不可数名词，如under stress(处于压力中)。 pressure::侧重“外部施加的压力”，可用于物理或心理层面，如pressure from parents(父母的压 力)。 同义替换： tension,anxiety 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 例句： Too much stress can affect your health and sleep. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下单元测试） Students often feel before important exams. A.stress B.happiness C.freedom (答案：A) l0.fall over跌倒；摔倒：被…绊倒 词义辨析： fall over: 强调“向前摔倒”，常因被某物绊倒，如fall over a stone(被石头绊倒)。 fall down:侧重“从高处落下”或“倒塌”，如fall down from the bike(从自行车上摔下)。 同义替换： trip over,stumble 例句： He fell over the step and hurt his knee badly. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） Be careful not to the toys on the floor. A.fall over B.stand up C.sit down (答案：A) 11.keep one's balance保持平衡 词义辨析： keep one's balance:指“维持身体或心理上的平衡”，如keep balance on a bike(骑自行车保持平 衡)。 lose one's balance:其反义短语，意为“失去平衡”，如lose balance and fall(失衡摔倒)。 同义替换： stay balanced,maintain balance 例句： You need strong legs to keep your balance on the tightrope. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下期中测试） The old man walked slowly with a stick to his balance. A.keep B.lose C.find (答案：A) 12.build up建立 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 词义辨析： build up:强调“逐步积累或增强”，可指抽象事物（如信任、自信）或具体事物（如肌肉），如 build up confidence(建立自信)。 setup:侧重“具体事物的建立”，如公司、机构等，set up a company(成立公司)。 同义替换： develop,establish 例句： Reading English every day helps to build up your vocabulary. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下单元测试） We need to good habits from a young age. A.build up B.break down C.give up (答案：A) l3.natural disaster自然灾害 词义辨析： natural disaster:指“自然力量引发的灾害”，如地震、台风等，是固定搭配。 man-made disaster:其反义短语，指“人为灾害”，如oil spills(石油泄漏)。 同义替换： natural calamity 例句： Earthquakes and typhoons are common natural disasters in some countries 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下同步练习） like the flood destroyed thousands of homes last summer. A.natural disaster B.traffic accident C.sports meeting (答案：A) 14.can't wait(to do sth.)迫不及待想（做某事） 词义辨析： can'twait(to do sth):强调“因兴奋或急切而迫不及待”，口语中常用。 be dying to(do sth.):与can't wait同义，但语气更强，意为“极度渴望”，如I'm dying to see you, 同义替换： be eager to,be anxious to 例句： The children can't wait to open their Christmas presents. 真题链接：（沪教版九年级下期末测试） -How do you feel about the summer vacation? 6 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 -1 to travel to the beach with my family. A.can't wait B.don't want C.have to (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.After the fire,only a few plants in the garden remained A.alive B.living C.dead 2.My phone went because I forgot to charge it last night. A.dead B.broken C.alive 3.When the sun came out,the snow on the mountains began to quickly. A.melt B.freeze C.dissolve 4.Heavy rain the small village,and many people had to leave their homes. A.flooded B.dried C.froze 5.You must the final exam to graduate from this school. A.pass B.fail C.stop 6.It'srude to at people who are different from you in public. A.stare B.glance C.laugh 7.Did you the small cat hiding behind the door when you entered the room? A.notice 7 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 B.ignore C.forget 8.Please call the doctor if you feel any chest pain. A.immediately B.slowly C.lately 9.Too much from work made him feel tired and sleepy all day. A.stress B.happiness C.freedom 10.The old woman on the icy road and hurt her leg yesterday A.fell over B.stood up C.sat down 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The little bird is still a after falling from the tree. 2.Our TV is d because there's no electricity in the neighborhood. 3.If you put ice in warm water,it will m in a few minutes. 4.The river f the fields after the heavy rain last week 5.You need to pthe bridge to get to the other side of the river. 6.She s at the beautiful sunset for a long time without saying a word. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He was lucky to stay (live)after the serious accident. 2.The machine became (die)when the power was cut off. 3.The sun (melt)the snow on the roof this morning. 4.I (notice)a strange smell in the kitchen when I came back home. 5.She ran. (immediate)to the classroom when she heard the bell ring. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 8 9年级下册沪教版 【Unit4】 Natural disasters词义辨析精讲 1.地震后，这座城市里几乎没有人存活。 Few people remained in the city after the earthquake 2.他迫不及待地想告诉父母这个好消息。 He to tell his parents the good news. 3.长时间盯着电脑屏幕对眼睛不好。 It's bad for your eyes to the computer screen for a long time. 4.听到呼救声，他立刻跳入水中救人。 He jumped into the water when he heard the cry for help. 五、语篇填空 A terrible earthquake hit the town last night.Many houses were destroyed,but some people were still (1)_ (alive/living)under the rubble.Firefighters and doctors arrived(2)(immedi- ately/at once)to help.A little girl was found hiding under a table.She (3) (stared/noticed) at the rescuers with fear in her eyes.Therescuers told her,"Don't worry,we will get you out soon!" After the earthquake,it started to rain heavily.The rain (4)(flooded/drowned)some streets, making it hard for cars to pass.People were tired and under great(5) (stress/pressure),but they helped each other to rebuild their homes.A local teacher said,"We can't wait(6) (rebuild) our school.The children need to go back to class." 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.alive 2.dead 3.melt 4.flooded 5.pass 6.stared L用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.alive 2.dead 3.melted 4.noticed 5.immediately V.完成句子 1.alive 2.can't;wait 3.stare;at 4.immediately V.语篇填空 1.alive 2.immediately 3.stared 4.flooded 5.stress 6.to rebuild 9