Unit 8 We're trying to save the earth-2025-2026学年九年级全一册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（鲁教版）

9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit8】We're trying to save the earth! 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 litter/'Irta)/n.垃圾：废弃物v.塑料：塑料制品 的：科学上的 乱扔垃圾 cruel/'ku:l/ad.残酷的：残忍afford/A'fo:d/v.买得起；承担 fisherman/'fifeman/n.渔民：渔的 得起：提供 夫 harmful/'ha:mfal/adj.有害的；president/.'prezidant/n.总统：董 advantage /ad'va:ntId3/n.有利致伤的 事长：校长 条件：优势；好处 industry/ndastri/n.工业；产medal/med/n.奖牌；奖章 wooden/wdn/adj.木制的；木业；行业 recycle/,ri:'saIk/V.回收利用； 头的 lawo/n.法律；法规；规律再循环 plastic/'plaestk/adj.塑料的n. scientific/saren'trfik/adj.科学 词义辨析及同义替换 1. litter /'Ita(r)/n.垃圾；废弃物v.乱扔垃圾 词义辨析： litr:作名词时特指“散落的垃圾、废弃物”，作动词时强调“乱扔垃圾”的动作，为及物动词， 宾语多为垃圾类名词。 bbish:泛指“垃圾、废弃物”，不可数名词，口语中使用频率高，侧重指无价值的东西。 同义替换： rubbish,garbage,throw away 例句： Please don't litter the park with plastic bags 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级同步练习） It's bad manners toin public places. A.litter B.recycle C.protect(答案：A) 2.advantage/ad'vantId3/n.有利条件：优势：好处 词义辨析： 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 advantage: 侧重指“相对于他人或事物的优势、有利条件”，常用搭配have an advantage over。 benefit::作名词时指“利益、好处”，侧重给人带来的实际益处，可用于个人或集体。 同义替换： benefit,superiority 例句： His good command of English is an advantage for the job. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级单元测试） Regular exercise has many_to our health A.advantages B.hobbies C.problems (答案：A) 3.wooden/'wdn/adj.木制的：木头的 词义辨析： wooden::仅指“木制的、木头的”，强调材质为木头，无引申义。 wooded:指“长满树木的”，形容地方或区域树木茂密，如a wooded hill(树木茂密的小山)。 同义替换： wooden-made,of wood 例句： There is a wooden table in the comner of the room. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级同步练习） The house is built with materials,which are environmentally friendly. A.plastic B.wooden C.harmful(答案：B) 4.plastic/'plaestrk/adj.塑料的n.塑料：塑料制品 词义辨析： plastic:作形容词时指“塑料制的”，作名词时泛指“塑料、塑料制品”，为不可数名词，也可作 可数名词指具体塑料制品。 ubber:指“橡胶”，材质有弹性，常用于制作轮胎、橡皮等，与plastic材质不同。 同义替换： plastic-made,polymeric 例句： We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级环保主题阅读） -products are hard to decompose,so they cause pollution to the earth. A.Wooden B.Plastic C.Scientific (答案：B) 5.harmful/'ha:mfal/adj.有害的：致伤的 词义辨析： harmful::强调“对…有伤害的”，常用搭配be harmful to,指带来损害或不良影响。 dangerous::侧重“危险的”，指可能造成伤害或危险的情况，主语多为事物或环境。 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： damaging,injurious 例句： Smoking is harmful to your health 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级健康单元练习） Eating too much junk food is_to children's growth A.helpful B.harmful C.scientific (答案：B) 6.law1o/n.法律；法规：规律 词义辨析： law:指“国家制定的法律、法规”，具有强制性，也可指“自然规律、法则”。 Iue:指“规则、规章”，范围较广，可指家庭、学校、组织等的规定，比law更具体、灵活。 同义替换： regulation,rule 例句： Everyone should obey the law. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级社会单元测试） The school has strict__about wearing uniforms. A.laws B.rules C.advantages (答案：B) 7.afford/归'fo:dWv.买得起：承担得起；提供 词义辨析： afford:侧重“有足够的钱或时间做某事”，常用搭配can/could afford(todo)sth,主语多为人。 provide:指“提供、供给”，常用搭配provide sb.with sth./provide sth.for sb,主语可以是人或 物。 同义替换： manage to buy,offer 例句： I can't afford to buy a new car now 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级经济主题练习） With the increase of income,more families can to travel abroad. A.afford B.recycle C.litter (答案：A) 8.recycle/,ri:'sakl/v.回收利用：再循环 词义辨析： recycle:指“对废弃物进行回收处理再利用”，强调环保和资源再利用，如recycle paper。 reuse:指“重复使用”，不经过回收处理，直接再次使用，如reuse a bottle。 同义替换： reprocess,reuse 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： We should recycle plastic bottles instead of throwing them away. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级环保单元同步练习） It's important to_waste materials to save resources A.litter B.recycle C.harm (答案：B) 9.cruel/'ku:al/adj.残酷的；残忍的 词义辨析： cruel:指“对他人或动物冷酷无情、残忍的”，强调故意造成痛苦或伤害，如a cruel person。. unkind:指“不友善的、不和善的”，程度比ruel轻，侧重缺乏善意，如nkind words。 同义替换： brutal,merciless 例句： It's cruel to kill animals for their fur. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级动物保护阅读） The king was so that he didn't care about the people's life A.cruel B.helpful C.silent(答案：A) l0.scientific/saien'tfik/adj.科学的：科学上的 词义辨析： scientific:指“科学的、符合科学原理的”，强调基于科学方法或知识，如scientific research。 technical:指“技术的、工艺的”，侧重与技术、技能相关，如technical skills。 同义替换： sciential,research-based 例句： We need to take a scientific approach to solve the problem. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级科技单元练习）》 The__experiment was successful with the help of the teacher. A.scientific B.wooden C.plastic(答案：A) l1.president/'prezidant/n.总统；董事长；校长 词义辨析： president::指“国家总统、公司董事长、大学校长”等职位，地位较高，负责整体管理。 principal:指“中小学校长”，是school的负责人，与president相比，范围更具体。 同义替换： headmaster(中小学)，chairman(公司) 例句： The president of the company will give a speech tomorrow. 4 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级社会单元测试） Our school_is kind and always cares about the students A.president B.principal C.fisherman (答案：B) 12.medal/med/n.奖牌：奖章 词义辨析： medal:指“奖牌、奖章”，通常是因成就、荣誉获得的金属牌，如gold medal(金牌)。 pize:指“奖品、奖金”，范围更广，可指比赛、竞赛获得的奖励，包括钱、物等。 同义替换： award,decoration 例句： She won a gold medal in the Olympic Games. 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级体育主题阅读） After the competition,the winners received_and certificates. A.medals B.laws C.plastics(答案：A) 13.fisherman/'fi∫amn/n.渔民；渔夫 词义辨析： fisherman:指“渔民、渔夫”，以捕鱼为职业的人，为可数名词，复数为fishermen。 fisher:也可指“渔民”，但更正式，也可指“渔船”，使用频率不如fisherman高。 同义替换： angler,fisher 例句： The fisherman goes fishing early every morning 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级沿海生活单元练习） Manymake a living by catching fish in the sea. A.fishermen B.presidents C.scientists(答案：A) l4.industry/'mdastri/n.工业：产业：行业 词义辨析： industry:指“工业、产业”，可指具体工业部门（如汽车工业），也可指整个工业体系；还可指 “行业”，如tourism industry(旅游业)。 business:指“商业、生意、企业”，侧重商业活动或盈利性组织，如do business(做生意)。 同义替换： sector,trade 例句： The development of industry has brought pollution to the area. 5 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（鲁教版九年级经济单元测试） The computeris developing very fast. A.industry B.business C.advantage (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.It is our duty to protect the environment and never-in the street. A.litter B.recycle C.afford 2.Online learning has manyfor students,such as flexible study time. A.advantages B.laws C.medals 3.This chair is made of materials,which are easy to break down naturally. A.plastic B.wooden C.harmful 4.Using too many bags is bad for the environment because they take long to decompose. A.rubber B.wooden C.plastic 5.Smoking is_to your lungs and can cause serious health problems. A.helpful B.harmful C.scientific 6.Everyone must follow the_to keep order in public places. A.laws B.rules C.industries 7.With the development of the economy,more people can-to buy cars. A.afford 6 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.recycle C.litter 8.We shouldold newspapers and bottles to save natural resources. A.litter B.recycle C.harm 9.The research on environmental protection has made great progress this year. A.scientific B.cruel C.wooden 10.The schoolannounced a new rule about students'uniforms yesterday. A.president B.principal C.fisherman 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.Don't throw Leverywhere;use the trash can instead. 2.The main a of this plan is that it can save a lot of time. 3.My grandfather made a beautiful wbox for me when I was young 4.Pproducts are widely used in daily life but are hard to decompose. 5.Staying up late for a long time is hto your health. 6.You must obey the Iwhen driving on the road. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This table is made of(wood),so it is very heavy. 2.We should try to(recycle)waste paper to protect trees. 3.It is(harm)to play computer games for too long every day. 4.The(science)experiment in the lab was successful. 5.My uncle is a(fish)and he goes fishing every morning. 四、完成句子 1 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.我们应该减少塑料袋的使用，因为它们对环境有害。 We should reduce the use of plastic bags because they the environment 2.他的英语说得很好，这是他找工作的一个优势。 His good English is for his job search 3.这个村子里的许多渔民靠在河里捕鱼为生。 Many in the village by fishing in the river 4.回收利用瓶子是节约资源的一种好方法。 _old bottles is a good way to save resources. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Our environment isfacing many problems.For example,people often-(litter/recycle)plastic bags in parks,which is bad for the soil.Some(industry/industries)also produce harmful gases,making the air dirty.To solve these problems,we need to take action.First,we should follow the(laws/rules) about environmental protection.Second,we can(recycle/reuse)oldmaterials like glass andpaper. Third,using(wooden/plastic)products instead of plastic ones is a good choice because they are eco-friendly.Finally,we should remember that protecting the environment is everyone's duty.Only by working together can we make the world a better place. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3B4.C5.B6B7.A8B9.A10B Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.litter 2.advantage 3.wooden 4.Plastic 5.harmful 6.law I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.wood 2.recycle 3.harmful 4.scientific 5.fisherman V.完成句子 1.are harmful to 2.an advantage 3.fishermen;make a living 4.Recycling V.语篇填空 1.litter 2.industries 3.laws 4.recycle 5.wooden 8