Unit 8 Emergency-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（沪外版）

8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同步专版 【Unit8】Emergency 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 smash/sme/v.n.打碎：粉碎：车 厉的：严峻的 破碎声 cooker/kkar)/n.炊具；炉灶 aware /a'we)/adj.意识到的： extinguisher/k'stmgwifa()/n.panic/'paenik/n.~.恐慌：惊慌；知道的 灭火器 使恐慌 shelter/Jelta(r)/n.v.避难所；遮 rescue./'reskju:/v.h.营救；救援；calm /ka:m/adj.~.冷静的；平静蔽物；庇护；躲避 解救 的：使平静：镇静 target/'ta:gt/n.w.目标；靶子 emergency'm3:d3 ensi/n./adj.positive/'pDzativ/adj.积极的；瞄准：针对 紧急情况：突发事件：紧急的 正面的：肯定的 ambulance/'embjalans/n.救护severe/s'vIa(r)/adj.严重的：严 词义辨析及同义替换 1.rescue /'reskju:/v.h.营救：救援；解救 词义辨析： rescue::强调“从危险、困境中营救”，常搭配from,如rescue sb.from danger。 save:含义更广，可指“拯救生命、节省时间/金钱”，也可指“储存”，使用范围更宽。 同义替换： save,free 例句： The firefighters rescued three children from the burning building. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） The lifeguard the boy from drowning in the swimming pool. A.rescued B.helped C.found (答案：A) 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.emergency'm3d3nsi/n./adj.紧急情况：突发事件：紧急的 词义辨析： emergency:侧重“突然发生的、需要立即处理的紧急事件”，名词或形容词，如emergency exit: crisis:指“危机、危急关头”，更强调局势的严重性和转折点，如economic crisis。 同义替换： crisis,urgent situation 例句： Call the police immediately in case of emergency. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元测试） We should keep a first-aid kit at home for A.journey B.emergency C.practice (答案：B) 3.panic/'penk/n.W.恐慌；惊慌；使恐慌 词义辨析： panic:指“突然产生的、失去理智的恐慌”，作动词时常用panic sb.into doing sth.(使某人惊慌 失措做某事)。 fear:泛指“害怕、恐惧”，程度可轻可重，是普通用词。 同义替换： fear,alarm 例句： Don't panic!The fire is under control now. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期末复习题） The crowd when they heard the loud explosion. A.panicked B.smiled C.cheered (答案：A) 4.calm /ka:m/adj.~.冷静的：平静的；使平静：镇静 词义辨析： calm:指“情绪或环境的平静、镇定”，可作形容词或动词，如calm down(冷静下来)。 quit:侧重“安静的、没有噪音的”，形容环境或人性格文静。 同义替换： peaceful,composed 例句： She tried to calm herself before the exam. 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） It's important to stay when you face difficulties A.nervous B.calm C.excited (答案：B) 5.positive/'pDZatIv/adj.积极的；正面的；肯定的 词义辨析： positive:指“态度积极的、乐观的”，也可表示“肯定的（如回答、证据）”。 active:侧重“主动的、活跃的”，强调行动上的积极参与。 同义替换： optimistic,constructive 例句： He has a positive attitude towards life. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元测试） You should keep a_ mind and never give up. A.negative B.positive C.passive (答案：B) 6.severe/s'vIa(r)/adj.严重的：严厉的：严峻的 词义辨析： severe:强调“程度严重的、严厉的”，可形容疾病、惩罚、天气等，如severe pain。 serious:指“严肃的、严重的”，侧重事情的重要性或危险性，如serious problem。 同义替换： serious,strict 例句： The area was hit by a severe storm last night 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期末复习题） The doctor said his grandfather's illness was and needed immediate treatment A.slight B.severe C.common (答案：B) 7.aware/'wea)/adj.意识到的：知道的 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： aware:强调“通过感官或信息意识到”，常用搭配be aware of(意识到…)。 conscious: 指“神志清醒的、有意识的”，强调心理上的清醒状态。 同义替换： conscious,mindful 例句： We should be aware of the importance of protecting the environment. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） Most people are of the danger of smoking. A.aware B.afraid C.sure (答案：A) 8.shelter /'felta(r)/n.w.避难所；遮蔽物：庇护；躲避 词义辨析： shelter:指“躲避风雨、危险的庇护所”，作动词时强调“提供庇护”，如shelter from the rain。 refuge:更正式，指“难民的避难所”，如refugee camp(难民营)。 同义替换： refuge,cover 例句： The villagers built a shelter for the homeless after the earthquake. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元测试） We took under a big tree when it started to rain heavily A.shelter B.place C.time (答案：A) 9.target/tagt/n.w.目标；靶子；瞄准：针对 词义辨析： target:作名词指“具体目标或靶子”，作动词指“瞄准、针对”，如target a group of people。 goal:侧重“长期的、抽象的目标”，如life goal(人生目标)。 同义替换： goal,aim 例句： Our team set a target of winning the competition this year. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） The company's main is to improve customer satisfaction. 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.target B.problem C.result (答案：A) 10.smash/sn/v.h.打碎；粉碎；破碎声 词义辨析： smash:强调“猛烈撞击导致破碎”，程度比break更强烈，如smash a window。 break:泛指“打破、折断”，程度可轻可重，使用范围最广。 同义替换： break,shatter 例句： The boy accidentally smashed the vase on the table. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期末复习题） The strong wind several windows of the old house. A.opened B.smashed C.cleaned (答案：B) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The firefighters five people from the burning house last night A.saved B.rescued C.helped 2.You must stay calm in an and call for help immediately A.emergency B.crisis C.accident 3.When the earthquake happened,many people and ran out of the building A.feared B.panicked C.worried 5 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.It's important to keep when you are in danger. A.calm B.quiet C.silent 5.She has a attitude towards her studies and never gives up easily A.positive B.active C.optimistic 6.The doctor said his condition was and he needed to stay in hospital. A.serious B.severe C.slight 7.Most students are of the importance of learning English well A.aware B.conscious C.sure 8.We found under a bridge during the heavy rainstorm A.shelter B.refuge C.cover 9.Our team has set a of winning at least three games this season. A.goal B.target C.aim 10.The strong wind the windows of the old house,causing glass to fly everywhere. A.broke B.smashed C.opened 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.In case of e,please call this number immediately 2.Don't p The police are on their way to help us. 3.It's necessary to stay c when facing difficult problems. 4.She has a p_ view of life and always looks for the good in everything. 6 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5. The storm caused s damage to the village,destroying many houses. 6.We should be a of the risks when swimming in deep water. 7.They built as for the homeless after the flood. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The lifeguard tried his best to the child from drowning.(rescue) 2.You need to keep a mind even when things go wrong.(positive) 3.The teacher asked us to down and listen carefully.(calm) 4.Many people wereby the sudden news of the accident.(panic) 5.We took under a tree when it started to rain heavily.(shelter) 6.He was praised for his actions during the emergency..(brave→提示：需用形容词修饰 actions,.结合词义辨析，此处应体现“积极的”，故用positive)) 7.The doctor said the patient's condition was than expected.(severe) 四、完成句子（每空一词) l.消防员从着火的building里救出了三个孩子。 The firefighters three children the burning building. 2.遇到紧急情况时，保持冷静很重要。 It's important to stay in an_ 3.听到爆炸声后，人群陷入了恐慌。 The crowd when they heard the explosion. 4.我们应该意识到保护环境的重要性。 We should the importance of protecting the environment 5.他为自己在比赛中的积极表现感到自豪。 He his performance in the competition 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 > 8年级下册沪外版 【同步专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A terrible fire broke out in a shopping mall yesterday.At first,people didn't know what was hap- pening,but soon they heard screams and saw smoke.Many people(1)(panic/feared)and ran towards the exits.A few brave firefighters arrived quickly and started to (2)(rescue/save) people from the upper floors.One firefighter told everyone to (3)(calm/quiet)down and follow him to the emergency exit.During the fire,a young girl was trapped on the third floor.A firefighter climbed up a ladder and(4)(rescued saved)her just before the roof collapsed.The girl'smother was(5)(aware/conscious)ofher daughter's danger andwaited anxiously outside. When she saw her daughter safe,she felt a sense ofrelief.After the fire,the mall was badly damaged. Many people needed(6)(shelter/refuge)because their homes nearby were also affected.The government promised to provide help and support for those in need.(7)(Actually/Exactly), everyone learned the importance of staying calm and helping others during an emergency. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2.A 3B4.A5.A6B7.A8.A9B10B IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.emergency 2.panic 3.calm 4.positive 5.severe 6.aware 7.shelter I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.rescue 2.positive 3.calm 4.panicked 5.shelter 6.positive 7.more severe V.完成句子 1.rescued;from 2.calm;emergency 3.panicked 4.be aware of 5.takes pride in;positive V.语篇填空 1.panicked 2.rescue 3.calm 4.rescued 5.aware 6.shelter 7.Actually 8