Unit 3 Yang Liwei's Mission to Space-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（教科版）

8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 核心训练 【Unit3】Yang Liwei's Mission to Space 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 blast off /bla:stDf/短语（火箭 spacemar/'speisman/,n.宇航员；skill/sk/n.技能：技巧：手艺 等)发射：升空 太空人 fence /fens/n.栅栏；篱笆；围墙 board /bo:dn.木板；甲板；董task/ta:skn.任务：工作 v.用篱笆围住 事会v.上（船、车、飞机等）army/ami/n.军队；陆军；大active/'ektw/adj.积极的：活跃 engineer/,end3I'nIa()/n.工程批 的：主动的 师：技师 atlast/etla:st/短语最后；终于 词义辨析及同义替换 1. board /b3:d/n.木板；甲板；董事会v.上（船、车、飞机等） 词义辨析： b0d作动词：强调“登上（交通工具）”，如船、车、飞机等，是及物动词，直接接宾语。 gton:短语动词，“上车、上船”，口语化，后接交通工具时需加介词，如get on the bus。. 同义替换： get on,embark 例句： We will board the plane at Gate 5 in 20 minutes. 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册同步练习） Passengers must the train before 8:00 a.m A.board B.getC.take(答案：A) 2.tata:sk/n.任务；工作 词义辨析： task:侧重“被分配的、有特定目标的任务”，常与完成、分配等动词搭配，如finish a task。 job:泛指“工作”，可指职业或具体的零工，范围更广，如a part-time job。 同义替换： assignment,job 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 例句： Our math teacher gave us a difficult task to finish today. 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册单元测试） The manager asked me to do an important this afternoon A.task B.work C.play （答案：A) 3.ski/skal/n.技能：技巧：手艺 词义辨析： skill:指“通过学习或练习获得的技能、技艺”，如language skil。 ability:侧重“天生具备或后天培养的能力”，范围更广，如reading ability。 同义替换： ability,technique 例句： Playing the piano well requires a lot of skill and practice. 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册同步练习） Swimming is a useful that can save lives. A.skill B.hobby C.habit(答案：A) 4.active/'ektv/adj.积极的：活跃的：主动的 词义辨析： active:强调“积极参与的、行动上活跃的”，如an active student。 energetic:侧重“精力充沛的、充满活力的”，形容人精神状态，如an energetic child。. 同义替换： energetic,lively 例句： She is always active in class and likes to answer questions. 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册期中测试） My little brother is very and runs around all day. A.active B.quiet C.lazy(答案：A) 5.at last/etla:st/短语最后：终于 词义辨析： at last:强调“经过等待或努力后终于发生”，带有较强的感情色彩。 finally:侧重“按顺序最后发生”，可用于列举或时间顺序，如First..Finally..。 同义替换： finally,in the end 例句： After a long walk,we arrived at the top of the mountain at last. 2 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册同步练习） -When did you finish your homework? at10:00p.m A.At last B.First C.Then (答案：A) 6.amy/'amin.军队；陆军：大批 词义辨析： amy:指“陆军”或“军队”的总称，也可指“一大群人”，如an army of ants。. troops:常用复数，指“部队、士兵”，强调具体的军事人员，如send troops。. 同义替换： troops,military 例句： His father served in the army for five years 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册阅读专项） A large of people gathered in the square to watch the parade. A.army B.group C.team (答案：A) 7.gineer/.end3nIa()/n.工程师；技师 词义辨析： engineer:指“设计、建造或维护机器、建筑等的工程师”，如mechanical engineer。. inventor:侧重“发明家”，指创造新事物的人，如the inventor of the light bulb。 同义替换： technician,designer 例句： The engineer is checking the machine to find the problem 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册单元测试） My uncle is a(n) and he builds bridges. A.engineer B.teacher C.doctor (答案：A) 8.blast off/bla:stDf/短语（火箭等）发射；升空 词义辨析： blast off:专指“火箭、导弹等发射升空”，是不及物动词短语，主语通常是火箭等。 take off:“(飞机)起飞”，或“脱下（衣服）”，如The plane will take off soon。 同义替换： launch,lift off 例句： The spaceship will blast off from the launch pad at 9:30 a.m. 3 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册科普阅读） People watched the rocket into the sky with excitement A.blast off B.take off C.get off (答案：A) 9.fence /fens/n.栅栏：篱笆：围墙v.用篱笆围住 词义辨析： fences:指“用木头、金属等做成的栅栏、篱笆”，常用来围场地，如a garden fence。 wall:“墙、围墙”，指用砖石等砌成的坚固墙体，如a stone wall。 同义替换： hedge,barrier 例句： We need to repair the fence around the farm to keep animals out 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册同步练习） There is a high around the school to ensure safety. A.fence B.door C.window ,(答案：A) l0.spaceman/'speisman/n.字航员；太空人 词义辨析： spaceman:口语中“宇航员”，尤指男性，较简单通俗。 astronaut: 正式用语，“宇航员”，男女通用，如American astronaut。. 同义替换： astronaut,cosmonaut 例句： The little boy dreams of becoming a spaceman and traveling to the moon 真题链接：（教科版八年级下册单元测试） Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese who traveled in space. A.spaceman B.pilot C.driver (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.You need to the bus quickly because it will leave in two minutes A.board B.get C.take 4 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 2.My mother asked me to finish the of cleaning my room before dinner. A.task B.work C.play 3.Cooking is a practical that everyone should learn A.skill B.hobby C.habit 4.The students are in the sports meeting,taking part in running,jumping and other events. A.active B.quiet C.lazy 5.After trying many times,he solved the difficult math problem A.at last B.first C.then 6.A large of volunteers came to help after the earthquake A.army B.group C.team 7.My father is an and he designs new machines for the factory. A.engineer B.teacher C.doctor 8.The rocket will from the launch site at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. A.blast off B.take off C.get off 9.We built a around the garden to stop the rabbits from eating the vegetables A.fence B.door C.window 10.The little girl dreams of becoming a and exploring space one day. A.spaceman B.pilot C.driver 5 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The passengers must b the plane at Gate 30 in 15 minutes. 2.Our English teacher often gives us interesting t_ to practice writing. 3.Swimming is a useful s that can help you in dangerous water. 4.Tom is very a_ in class and always raises his hand to answer questions. 5.After a long wait,the bus a arrived at the station. 6.Ane is needed to check the broken machine in the factory. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (engineer)is working on the design of the new bridge. 2.She has the (able)to speak three foreign languages fluently 3.The children were _(active)playing games in the park. 4.He (board)the train to Beijing yesterday afternoon. 5.My father served in the (army)when he was young. 四、完成句子 1.We waited for hours,and the bus (终于)came. 2.My brother is good at drawing,and he wants to be an (工程师)in the future. 3.The workers need to repair the (栅栏)around the school. 4.The spaceship will (发射)into space next month. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 6 8年级下册教科版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit3词义辨析及综合训练 Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese (1.spaceman/astronaut).He trained hard for many years and (2.board/embarked)the Shenzhou V spaceship in 2003.The spaceship (3 blasted off/took off)successfully,and he became the first Chinese to travel in space.During his flight,he did many _(4.task/tasks)to study space.After 21 hours,he returned to Earth (5.at last/finally).People all over China were proud of him.He showed that with hard work and (6.skill/ability),we can achieve our dreams. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.board 2.tasks 3.skill 4.active 5.at last 6.engineer I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.engineer 2.ability 3.actively 4.boarded 5.army V.完成句子 1.at last 2.engineer 3.fence 4.blast off V.语篇填空 1.spaceman 2.boarded 3.blasted off 4.tasks 5.at last 6.skill 7