Unit 1 Technology in the Future-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（北师大版）

8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit 1】Technology in the Future 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 technology/tek'nplad3i/n.技术；师：研究员 快递adj.明确的；快速的n.快 科技 medical/'medik/adj.医学的：医车；快递 electronic,lek'tpnk/adj.电子疗的；内科的 situation/,.stu'en/n.情况；形 的：电子器件的 president/prezidant/n.总统；主势：处境 smart/sma:t/adj.聪明的：机灵席：校长：董事长 deal/dil/v.处理；应对：交易n. 的；智能的 choice /tfois/n.选择；抉择：选交易：协议 invention /in'venn/n.发明：创择权adj.优质的；精选的 deal with/di:lw/短语处理：应 造：发明物 develop /dr'velap/v.发展；开发；对；涉及 product/prDdAkt//n.产品；制品；培养；患（病） decision/d'sI3n/n.决定：抉择： 产物 present/'preznt/adj.现在的：出判决 development/d'velapmant/n.席的pm'zent/V.赠送：呈现n.spare/spea)/V.抽出；匀出：饶 发展：开发：发育 礼物：现在 恕adj.空闲的：备用的 progress/'praugres/n.进步；进instead of/m'sted Dv/短语代替：successful/ak'sesfl/adj.成功 展pr3'gres/v.进步；进展 作为…的替换 的：如愿以偿的 closely/'klauzli/ad.紧密地；密require'kwaIa(r)/v.需要；要introduction/mtr3'dkn/n.介 切地；仔细地 求依赖 绍：引进：引言 allow/A'la/v.允许：准许：给compiler /kam'pala)/n.编译businessman/bIzn3sm3n/n.商 予 器；编纂者；汇编者 人：企业家 make use of /meik ju:zDv/短语decision making/d's3'mek)/set up/setp/短语建立；设立； 利用：使用 短语决策：制定决策 创办 professor /pr3'fesa()/n.教授：教express/ik'spres/v.表达：表示： 词义辨析及同义替换 1.progress/'pravgres/,n.进步：进展pr3'gres/v.进步；进展 词义辨析： progress:不可数名词，侧重持续的、稳定的进步，常用于抽象事物，如学业、科技等。 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 development:可数或不可数名词， 指事物从初级到高级的发展过程，强调变化和成长。 同义替换： advance,improvement 例句： With hard work,he made great progress in math this term. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） Our country has made great in science and technology. A.progress B.invention C.product(答案：A) 2.allow /a'lao/v.允许准许：给予 词义辨析： allow:侧重“允许、许可”，常用搭配allow sb.to do sth.,语气较正式。 permit:语气更正式，强调权威性的许可，常用于法律法规或官方场合。 同义替换： permit,let 例句： My parents don't allow me to stay up late on school nights 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） Students are not_to use mobile phones in class. A.allowed B.required C.developed(答案：A) 3.choice /tfors/n.选择；抉择；选择权adj.优质的；精选的 词义辨析： choice:作名词时，强调“可供选择的机会或对象”；作形容词时意为“优质的”。 decision:指经过思考或讨论后做出的“决定”，侧重结果。 同义替换： option,selection 例句： There are many choices for after-school activities in our school. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） After careful consideration,he made a to study abroad A.choice B.decision C.situation(答案：B) 4.present/'preznt/adj.现在的：出席的pri'zent/v.赠送；呈现n.礼物：现在 词义辨析： present作形容词：表“出席的”，反义词是absent(缺席的)；作“现在的”时，对应past(过去 的)。 current:仅作形容词，意为“当前的、现在的”，更强调时间上的“正在进行”。 2 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： adj.-current,attending V.→give,ofel n.→gif,now 例句： All present students should hand in their homework on time. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） What is your address?I need to send you a letter. A.present B.past C.future(答案：A) 5.deal /di:l/v.处理：应对：交易n.交易：协议&deal with处理：应对 词义辨析： deal with:侧重“处理问题、应对困难或人”，常与how连用。 do with:侧重“处理物品、处置某事”，常与what连用。 同义替换： handle,cope with 例句： I don't know how to deal with the problem of pollution in the river. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） will you the old computer? -I will sell it online. A.How;deal with B.What;do with C.How;do with (答案：B) 6.develop/d'velap/v.发展；开发；培养：患（病） 词义辨析： develop:强调“逐步发展、成长”，可用于人、事物或抽象概念，如develop skills(培养技能)。 gow:侧重“自然生长、增长”，如植物生长、人口增长，也可指抽象事物的发展。 同义替换： grow,build up 例句： We need to develop good habits from a young age. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） With the help of the government,the small village into a modern town. A.developed B.invented C.progressed(答案：A) 7.successful /sak'sesf1/adj.成功的：如愿以偿的 词义辨析： successful:强调“达到预期目标、获得成功的”，修饰人或事，常用搭配be successful in(doing) 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 sth. fruitful:侧重“富有成效的”，指结果丰硕，如a fruitful discussion(富有成效的讨论)。 同义替换： fruitful,triumphant 例句： Yao Ming is a successful basketball player in the world. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The scientist's experiment was and he found a new way to treat the disease. A.successful B.medical C.electronic (答案：A) 8.setp建立：设立；创办 词义辨析： set up:侧重“创建、建立”组织、机构、公司等，如set up a school(创办学校)。 found:语气更正式，强调“创立、创建”国家、政党、理论等，如found a country(建立国家)。 同义替换： establish,found 例句： They plan to set up a new company in the city center. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试） The university was in 1919 and has a history of over 100 years. A.set up B.made use of C.dealt with(答案：A) 9.make use of利用：使用 词义辨析： make use of:强调“充分利用现有资源”，后接名词或代词，如make use of time(利用时间)。 use:普通用词，直接表示“使用”，用法更广泛，如use a pen(用钢笔)。 同义替换： utilize,take advantage of 例句： We should make use of every chance to practice English. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） Students are encouraged to the library resources for their studies. A.make use of B.deal with C.set up (答案：A) l0.instead of代替；作为…的替换 词义辨析： instead of:介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词，强调“用A代替B”。 instead:副词，单独使用，置于句末或句首（用逗号隔开），意为“反而、代替”。 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： in place of,rather than 例句： He decided to walk instead of taking a bus. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） I will go to the park on foot by bike A.instead of B.because of C.thanks to (答案：A) ll.express/k'spres/v.表达；表示；快递adj.明确的；快速的n.快车；快递 词义辨析： express作动词：侧重“用语言、行动等表达情感或想法”，如express love(表达爱意)。 how:普通用词，指“展示、表明”，通过行为或迹象让他人看到，如show kindness(表现出善 意)。 同义替换： V.→show,convey adj.→rapid,fast 例句： She found it hard to express her feelings in public 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册单元测试）》 The little girl her thanks to the old man with a big smile. A.expressed B.decided C.developed(答案：A) 12.situation/,stu'eun/n.情况；形势；处境 词义辨析： situation:指“具体的情况、形势”，常涉及人或事物所处的状态，如difficult situation(困境)。 condition:侧重“条件、状况”，可指人或事物的状态，也可指环境条件，如living conditions(生 活条件)。 同义替换： condition,circumstance 例句： We need to analyze the situation before making a decision. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The in the area is getting better after the government's efforts A.situation B.invention C.progress (答案：A) 13.introduction/.ntr3'dk/n.介绍；引进；引言 词义辨析： introduction:指“介绍某人或某物”，也可指书籍、演讲的“引言、序言”。 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 presentation: 侧重“展示、介绍”，常指正式场合中对事物的详细说明，如product presentation (产品介绍)。 同义替换： presentation,preface 例句： The teacher gave a brief introduction about the new student. 真题链接：（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The of the book explains the author's purpose of writing A.introduction B.development C.decision(答案：A) l4.invention/m'venj/n.发明：创造；发明物 词义辨析： invention:指“发明创造出的新事物”，如he invention of the computer(电脑的发明)。 discovery:指“发现原本存在但未被人知的事物 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.Our team has made great in solving the technical problem this month. A.progress B.development C.invention 2.Students are not to eat in the library according to the school rules A.allowed B.permitted C.required 3.After comparing the two options,she made a final to choose the red dress A.choice B.decision C.situation 4.A1l members of the club must attend the meeting this Friday. A.present B.current C.attending 6 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.The teacher asked us to our opinions about the new teaching method. A.express B.show C.convey 6.We should every opportunity to learn new skills during the summer vacation. A.make use of B.use C.take advantage of 7.He decided to study at home going out with his friends last night. A.instead of B.instead C.rather than 8.With the government's support,the small town _into a popular tourist spot in recent years. A.developed B.grew C.progressed 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (现在的）situation requires us to take immediate action. 2.She received a beautiful from her parents on her birthday. 3.The (of the new technology has improved our work efficiency. 4.We need to (处理)with the problem before it gets worse. 5.His (成功f的)experiment has attracted the attention of many scientists. 6.The company plans to (a new branch in Shanghai next year. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Thank you for(present)me with such a meaningful gift 2.She made a (choose)between the two job offers after careful consideration. 3.The (develop)of AI technology has changed many people's lives. 4.He found it difficult to (expression)his ideas clearly in English. 5.The meeting was attended by all(current)employees of the company. 7 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.他用微笑而不是语言来表达他的感谢。 He expressed his thanks with a smile words 2.在老师的帮助下，我的数学取得了很大进步。 With the teacher's help,I in math. 3.我们应该充分利用图书馆的资源来提升自己。 We should the library resources to improve ourselves. 4.这个小镇是在二十世纪五十年代建立的。 The small town the 1950s. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom is a student in Grade 8.This term,he has made great (1)(progress/development)in his studies,especially in English.His teacher often encourages him to (2)(make use of/use) every chance to practice speaking.Last week,Tom had to give a speech in class.At first,he was nervous and didn't(3)(dare/allow)to stand in front of the class.However,with his teacher' s encouragement,he decided to try.He prepared carefully and (4)(presented/expressed)his ideas clearly.To his surprise,his speech was(5)(successful/fruitful)and he won the first prize.Now,Tom is more confident.He says,"I will keep working hard and never give up.(6) (Instead/Instead of)being afraid of challenges,we should face them bravely." 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.present 2.present/gift 3.introduction 4.deal 5.successful 6.set up I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.presenting 2.choice 3.development 4.express 5.current V.完成句子 1.instead of 2.made great progress 3.make full use of 4.was set up in 8 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V.语篇填空 1.progress 2.make use of 3.dare 4.expressed 5.successful 6.Instead 9