内容正文:
北师大版英语八上Unit5语法讲解及习题
现在完成时(Present perfect)
一、现在完成时(Present perfect)
(一)核心含义
现在完成时主要表达两种核心含义:
1. 动作从过去开始,持续到现在:强调动作的持续性,常与 for(后接时间段)或 since(后接时间点/从句)连用。
I have loved travelling since I was a child.(我从小就喜欢旅行。)
2. 过去的动作对现在有影响或联系:强调动作的结果或经历,常与 ever, never, just, already, yet 等副词连用。
These trips have changed my life and made me a better person.(这些旅行改变了我的生活,让我成为了更好的人。)
(二)结构公式
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (V-ed)
否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 (V-ed)
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (V-ed)?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (V-ed)?
(三)时间状语详解
1. for + 时间段
含义:表示动作或状态持续了多久,强调“时长”。
结构:for + 一段时间(如 for three years, for a long time, for two hours)。
例句:
I have stayed here for three weeks.(我已经在这里待了三周了。)
She has learned English for five years.(她学英语已经五年了。)
2. since + 时间点/从句
含义:表示动作或状态从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到现在,强调“起点”。
结构:
since + 过去的时间点(如 since 2010, since last month, since yesterday)。
since + 一般过去时的从句(如 since I was a child, since we met)。
例句:
He has lived here since 2010.(他从2010年起就住在这里了。)
We have been friends since we met at school.(我们从在学校见面起就是朋友了。)
3. 常见副词的用法
类别
词汇
位置与含义
例句
肯定句
already
句中/句末,“已经”
We've already done lots of things.
(我们已经做了很多事了。)
just
句中,“刚刚”
We have just received our plan.
(我们刚刚收到了我们的计划。)
否定句
never
句中,“从未”
I've never done anything like this before.
(我以前从未做过这样的事。)
not...yet
句末,“还,仍”
We haven't tasted the coffee yet.
(我们还没尝过这咖啡。)
疑问句
ever
句中,“曾经”
Have you ever visited Jamaica?
(你曾经去过牙买加吗?)
yet
句末,“还,仍”
Has she finished her work yet?
(她还没完成她的工作吗?)
(四)动词过去分词变化规则
类型
规则
例词
一般情况
直接 + -ed
work → worked(工作)
visit → visited(参观)
以 -e 结尾
直接 + -d
love → loved(喜爱)
change → changed(改变)
辅音 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i + -ed
study → studied(学习)
carry → carried(搬运)
重读闭音节(辅元辅)
双写尾字母 + -ed
stop → stopped(停止)
plan → planned(计划)
不规则变化
特殊记忆
go → gone(去)
see → seen(看见)
be → been(是)
do → done(做)
二、综合练习题
(一)单项选择(10题)
1. I ___________ (love) travelling since I was a child.
A. love B. loved C. have loved D. am loving
2. In the last ten years, I ___________ (be) to more than 50 cities.
A. am B. was C. have been D. will be
3. Have you ___________ (ever) visited the Great Wall?
A. ever B. never C. already D. yet
4. We ___________ (just) received our working plan.
A. just B. have just C. just have D. are just
5. She ___________ (not finish) her homework yet.
A. doesn't finish B. didn't finish C. hasn't finished D. won't finish
6. They ___________ (stay) in some places for a few days.
A. stay B. stayed C. have stayed D. will stay
7. Have you booked the tickets ___________?
A. already B. just C. never D. yet
8. I've ___________ (never) done anything like this before.
A. ever B. never C. already D. yet
9. He ___________ (live) in Beijing since 2010.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live
10. We've ___________ (already) done lots of things.
A. already B. just C. never D. yet
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. I ___________ (be) to many interesting places.
2. She ___________ (love) painting since she was a little girl.
3. We ___________ (just) finish our project.
4. Have you ___________ (ever) try this kind of food?
5. They ___________ (not visit) the museum yet.
6. He ___________ (stay) in Paris for two months.
7. I've ___________ (never) see such a beautiful sunset.
8. We ___________ (already) pack our bags.
9. Have you ___________ (find) your keys yet?
10. She ___________ (change) a lot since we last met.
(三)句型转换(6题)
1. I have loved travelling since I was a child.(改为一般疑问句)
___________ you ___________ loved travelling since you were a child?
2. She has been to more than 50 cities.(改为否定句)
She ___________ ___________ to more than 50 cities.
3. We have already done lots of things.(改为否定句)
We ___________ done lots of things ___________.
4. They have stayed here for three weeks.(对划线部分提问)
___________ ___________ have they stayed here?
5. Have you ever visited Jamaica?(作否定回答)
No, I ___________.
6. He has lived here since 2010.(对划线部分提问)
___________ ___________ he lived here?
(四)完成句子(7题)
1. 我从小就喜欢旅行。
I have loved travelling ___________ I was a child.
2. 在过去的十年里,我去过50多个城市。
In the last ten years, I ___________ ___________ to more than 50 cities.
3. 你曾经参观过长城吗?
Have you ___________ visited the Great Wall?
4. 我们刚刚收到了工作计划。
We have ___________ received our working plan.
5. 她还没有完成作业。
She hasn't finished her homework ___________.
6. 我以前从未做过这样的事情。
I've ___________ done anything like this before.
7. 他们已经做了很多事情。
They've ___________ done lots of things.
三、参考答案及解析
(一)单项选择(10题)
1. C。since 引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时。
2. C。In the last ten years 表示从过去到现在的时间段,用现在完成时。
3. A。ever 用于疑问句,表示“曾经”。
4. B。just 与现在完成时连用,表示“刚刚”。
5. C。yet 用于否定句,句子用现在完成时。
6. C。for a few days 表示持续时间,用现在完成时。
7. D。yet 用于疑问句,表示“还,仍”。
8. B。never 用于否定句,表示“从未”。
9. C。since 2010 表示从过去到现在的时间点,用现在完成时。
10. A。already 用于肯定句,表示“已经”。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. have been。表示过去的经历,用现在完成时。
2. has loved。since 引导的从句,主句用现在完成时。
3. have just finished。just 与现在完成时连用。
4. ever tried。ever 用于疑问句,动词用过去分词。
5. haven't visited。yet 用于否定句,句子用现在完成时。
6. have stayed。for two months 表示持续时间,用现在完成时。
7. never seen。never 用于否定句,动词用过去分词。
8. have already packed。already 用于肯定句,句子用现在完成时。
9. found。yet 用于疑问句,动词用过去分词。
10. has changed。since we last met 表示从过去到现在,用现在完成时。
(三)句型转换(6题)
1. Have; ever。现在完成时的一般疑问句,将 have 提到句首。
2. hasn't been。现在完成时的否定句,在 has 后加 not。
3. haven't; yet。将 already 改为 yet 并置于句末,同时将 have 改为 haven't。
4. How long。对 for three weeks 提问,用 How long。
5. haven't。现在完成时一般疑问句的否定回答。
6. Since when。对 since 2010 提问,用 Since when。
(四)完成句子(7题)
1. since。表示“自从……以来”。
2. have been。表示从过去到现在的经历,用现在完成时。
3. ever。用于疑问句,表示“曾经”。
4. just。表示“刚刚”。
5. yet。用于否定句,表示“还,仍”。
6. never。表示“从未”。
7. already。用于肯定句,表示“已经”。
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