2026届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练并列句和状语从句 讲义

2026年高考二轮复习语法精讲精练 并列句和状语从句 一、知识梳理 我们知道英语中千变万化的句式中，其实只有三种句式结构——简单句，并列句（并列复合句）和复合句（主从复合句）。简单句有五种基本句型，即： 1）主+系+表 2）主+谓（不及物动词） 3）主+谓（及物动词、单宾动词）+宾语 4）主+谓（及物动词、双宾动词）+宾（人）+宾（物） 5）主+谓（及物动词）+宾+宾补 简单句中五种句型的构成是因为英语中要求，只要构成英语句子，每个简单句子中都必须有且只能有一个谓语动词（并列谓语动词除外），另外英语的动词性质决定也只能形成这五种基本句型，系动词只能构成主+系+表 结构，及物单宾动词只能构成，主+谓+宾 结构，如：like 这个动词，及物单宾动词，I like English是正确的句型，like English 或者 I like 都不能构成正确的英语句式，也就是我们所说的成分残缺。 通过上面的分析理解我们可以明白一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词，（并列谓语除外），反过来我们也能得到这样一个结论——看见一个谓语动词，就构成了一个简单句，同时我们还要掌握英语中标点符号的使用。英语中没有顿号，所以逗号就起到停顿的作用，只有分号，句号，问号，感叹号才是句子构成的标志。如：He is a student ;he studies very hard. Tom,one of my friends,has passed the exam. Helen ,are you a student? Jack,how brave you are ! He practices more,he has got a high mark.(错误) He practices more,and he has got a high mark.(正确)（并列句） 定义：并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句，用and,but,or,either...or,neither...nor...并列而成的并列复合句，简称并列句，特征是两个或两个以上的独立完整的简单句，并且有并列连词 考点一　并列连词 ①I didn’t come yesterday ,for it rained heavily. 昨天我没有来，因为天下大雨了。 ②He studies hard,but/yet he hasn’t got an A in the exam. 他学习努力，但是/然而他在考试中没有得到A. ③He caught a heavy rain yesterday,so he had a bad cold. 他昨天遭了一场大雨，因此他得了重感冒。 考点总结 1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2．表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but，yet(然而)，whereas(然而，但是)，while(然而)等。 3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for，so等。 4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or，either...or...，not...but...，neither...nor...等。 考点二　祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句句式 ①Walk along this road,and you will be able to find the post office. =If you walk along this road ,you will be able to find the post office. ②Hurry up or we can’t catch the early train. =If we don’t hurry up ,we can’t catch the early train. ③A few more efforts and he will make rapid progress. ＝If he makes a few more efforts，he will make rapid progress. 考点总结 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句。 考点三　时间状语从句 1．when，while，as ①When the doorbell rang ,I was watching TV. 当门铃响的时候，我正在看电视。 ②I want the boys to explore the outside world while they are young. 我希望那些男孩们趁着年轻的时候去探索外面的世界。 ③As time goes，the Spring Festival is coming . 随着时间的过去，春节就要来临了 ④When/While/As I was walking in the park，I ran into many foreigners. 当我在公园里散步的时候，我遇到了许多外国人。 考点总结 1．when既可接持续性动词，也可接一个短暂性动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。 2．从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 3．从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，(一边……)”或“随着……”。 4．如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。 2．when的特殊用法 ①Jack was about to leave when an accident happened. Jack就要离开的时候，就在这时意想不到的事情发生了。 ②I was to clean the room when a cat ran in. 我正要打扫房间，就在这时一只猫跑了进来。 ③He had just got to Beijing when he called . 他刚到北京就给我打电话了。 考点总结 1．when意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有： 2．when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达 ①The moment he finished his work ，he went home. 他一完成他的工作，他就回家去了。 ②My mom ran out of the kitchen immediately I cried for help. ③He had no sooner finished his work than he went travelling abroad.＝No sooner had he finished his work than he went travelling abroad. 他刚完成工作就去国外旅游去了。 ④I had hardly got to the office when my boss called me＝Hardly had I got to the office when my boss called me . 刚到办公室，我老板就给我来了电话。 考点总结 1．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。 2．no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句应用倒装语序。 4．before与since ①We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。 ②If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。 ③As is reported，it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。 考点总结 1．before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……；在……之前”。 2．It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。 3．It won't be long before...“不久之后就……”。 4．It was＋一段时间＋before...“过了多久才……”。 5．It is＋一段时间＋since...“自从……多久了”。 5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达 ①He brings me a present every time he comes here. 每次他来这儿都会给我带礼物。 ②Next time you go home，remember me to your parents . 下次你回家的时候，代我向你父母问好。 ③The last time I went home ,I found his face a bit pale. 我上次回家的时候，发现他脸色有点苍白。 考点总结 every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。 6．till，until和not...until ①He won’t go home until he finishes the work. 他知道完成这项工作才会回家。 ②People won’t know the importance of protecting the environment until the flood has ruined their homes. 考点总结 1．until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 2．not...until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。 考点四　地点状语从句 ①Where he once failed，others have made great achievement. 在他曾经失败的领域，其他人却取得了巨大的成就。 ②Where(ver) you go ,I will follow you . 无论你走到哪里，我都会追随你。 考点总结 1．地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 考点五　条件状语从句 ①It is so cold that you can't go outside unless you put on warm and thick clothes. 天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你穿上厚而暖和衣服。 ②He will be allowed to go out on condition that he promises not to bother others. 如果他许诺不打扰别人，他才会被允许出去。 ③Suppose/Supposing (that) the task isn’t finished，what will we do next? 如果这项任务没有完成，接下来我该怎么办呢？ 考点总结 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if，unless(＝if...not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。 考点六　让步状语从句 ①Although English is very important，not everyone can learn it well. 尽管英语很重要，但是并不是每个人都能学好它。 ②Although/Though/While the students study hard ，most of them haven’t passed the examination. 尽管学生们学习很刻苦，但是他们大多数还是没有通过这次考试。 ③He cannot afford a house even if he works hard day and night . 尽管他没日没夜的辛勤劳作，但是他还是买不起房子 ④Young as he is ,he has learnt a lot about Chinese history. 尽管他年轻，但是他对于中国的历史已经了解很多。 引导让步状语从句的连词 考点总结 1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。 2．whether...or...(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋－ever(不管……；无论)，如whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。 3．as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。 4．从属连词while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。 考点七　原因状语从句 ①Since she was absent，she missed a lot of points the teacher delivered in class. 由于她缺席，她错过了老师在课堂上教授的许多要点。 ②Now that he has come ,let’s begin our class！ 既然他来了，让我们开始上课吧！ 考点总结 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that(考虑到)。 考点八　方式状语从句 ①Don’t move the things in the house. Keep them as they were last year. 不要动房子里的东西，保持他们去年原有的样子。 ②Liu Xiaoqing is no longer as beautiful as she was ten years ago. 刘晓庆不再像10年前那样漂亮了。 ③The lady treats the old man as if he were her own father. 这位女士对待这个老人就像他是她自己的父亲似的。 考点总结 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符或很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。 考点九　结果状语从句 ①He is such an experienced teacher that we students all admire him very much. ＝He is so experienced a person that we students all admire him very much. 他如此经验丰富的老师，以至于我们所有学生非常敬佩他。 ②It is such fine weather that we all want to hang out in the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去逛公园。 ③He was so clever a man that he could solve such a difficult problem. ＝He was so clever a man as to be able to solve such a difficult problem. 他是一名如此聪明的人，以至于他能够解决如此一个难题。 考点总结 1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式： 2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such...as to...。 考点十　目的状语从句 ①He studies very hard so that/in order that he can pass the coming final exam 他学习非常努力以便他能通过即将到来的期末考试。 ②The thief ran quickly in case/for fear that he should be caught. 那个小偷跑得飞快，害怕被抓住。 ③Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain. 带上雨衣以防下雨。 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest等。 1．in order that，so that 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。 2．for fear that，in case (that)/lest 引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。 二、实际应用 ◆连词与语法填空 并列句和状语从句中的连词是语法填空题中常考点之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，常考的并列连词有and，but，or，so，while，when等；常考的从属连词有if，although/though，once，unless，when，where，since，before，after，because，as等。 [典题试做1] 在空白处填入适当的连词 1． Over time，________ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 2． ________ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 3． I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 4． _______ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 答案：1.as/when　2.When/If　3.because 4．Once/If/When [应对策略1] 若设空处在两个或两个以上单词或短语之间或两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间，并且中间没有连词、分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 ◆连词与短文改错 短文改错中对于连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词(although不能与but连用，because不能与so连用)等情况。 [典题试做2] 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1．Though not very clever，but the student listens to the teacher carefully in class.________ 2．Every day he makes sure that he goes to bed early or gets up early .________ 3．If we study hard，we will be able to get high marks but we won’t fail . 4．The boss stays at home，so she has time to accompany her family. 答案：1.去掉but　2.or→and　3.but→and　4.so→but [应对策略2] 对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面： (1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在句中作何成分，判断正误； (2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用； (3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用； (4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before等连词的用法区别。 ◆书面表达中并列句与状语从句易错点聚焦 (一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向： 1．机械排列简单句 He is a student. He studies very hard . 如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子： He is a student and he studies very hard. 比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的应用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。 2．逗号连接两个简单句 He has got the first prize,his parents are proud of him . 在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做如下改动： He has got the first prize,so his parents are proud of him . (二)对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题： 1．从句意识缺乏 He is very intelligent . He can solve the Math problem. He is so intelligent that he can solve the Math problem. 通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。 2．状语从句成分残缺 (误)Please don’t forget to turn off the light before_leave the room. (正)Please don’t forget to turn off the light before_you_leave the room. 由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。 3．连接词误用 (误)You should respect your teachers no_matter you are in or outside school. (正)You should respect your teachers whether you are in or outside school. 尽管两句从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直接引导状语从句。 (误)Though he was caught in the heavy rain yesterday，but he wasn’t absent. (正)Though he was caught in the heavy rain yesterday，he wasn’t absent. 在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。 三、小试牛刀 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Never stop________you achieve success.. 2．We study ________we need knowledge to serve the public. 3． ________Tom wasn’t at the scene，the detective thought he was guilty. 4． The temperature is still very cold，________as spring is approaching，the trees turn green. 5． He is a hardworking man ,________he 's the person I'd not like to work with most. 答案：1.until/before　2.because　3.Though/While/Although　4.but/yet　5.but II.语法填空 A(连词专练) My father was reading a newspaper on the sofa 1.________I was doing my schoolwork.Hardly had I completed my homework 2.________someone knocked the door.However，my brother opened the door 3.________I could answer it.We were surprised the minute we saw him 4.________his clothes and trousers were terribly dirty.He looked much poorer 5.________we expected.6.________we didn't know what had happened to him，we didn’t say anything.We wouldn't leave 7.________my brother told us all about it.8.________my brother got changed，he told us that he fell into a polluted river9.________he walked along the river to my uncle's home in the countryside.He couldn't get out of the river.10.________he cried for help loudly，no one could hear him.He tried to climb out of it，but 11.________hard he tried，he didn’t succeed in escaping from it.12.________time went by，he became worried. After several vain attempts ,he had to stay 13.________he was and waited for help 14.________a man passed by and gave him a hand.The man reached him a long rope and told him to climb with the rope.He did 15.________the man told，and finally he came out. 答案：1.while　2.when　3.before　4.because 5．than　 6.Since　7.unless　8.After　9.when　10.Although/Though　 11.however　12.As 13．where　14.until　15.as 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $