Unit 5 Section IV Writing—— 如何写自然界给我们的启示-【成才之路·练案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步新课程学习指导(外研版)

练案[20] Unit 5 Learning from nature Section IV Writing-一如何写自然界给我们的启示 I.阅读理解 creative efforts. When a child is dancing and an A adult makes fun of him,the negativity he feels can A young girl,who enjoys being the center of completely shut the child down from that activity, attention,may act out for her friends and family. or even worse,fill him with shame as if something's Then one day her mother tells her to stop being sowrong with him. silly and grow up.This negative attention may make That is why it is so important for parents to the girl feel ashamed of her behavior and from then recognize that children are exploring their world. on,hold back her free-spiritedness and then go The more encouragement we show them and the through life feeling as if she can't fully express more we keep their sense of what's possible alive, herself for fear of being laughed at. the more likely they will be to explore and find The girl's experience shows how people live their own enthusiasm in life. with shame when they have been criticized ( They will keep alive their joy and their dreams for just being themselves. for the future.As parents,I don't think we can When it comes to teenagers,there are times hope for anything more they can be extremely difficult and try their parents' 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the patience.When parents become frustrated,they passage? may say things like "I am starting to really not like you."They may not mean what they say.They may A.By describing a scene. just be tired of arguing with the teenager and have B.By giving an explanation. become emotionally overwhelmed.However,the C.By making a comparison. teenager doesn't know their words are out of D.By providing an example. frustration,and may feel his parents are telling him2.What effect can parents'mindless criticism have they're sorry they ever had him.The child may on children? conclude that he is a bad person.Such casual A.They may have a low opinion of themselves for criticism by parents can linger and stick to children long. like glue. B.They may no longer feel afraid of being made How to make this better?The next time a child fun of. shows you a drawing he's done,or sings a song for C.They may want to challenge their parents' you in an effort to get your attention,recognize that patience further. your response may be extremely important toward D.They may work harder to live up to their the child's willingness to continue to explore these parents'expectations. —204 3.What are parents advised to do when a child The loss of big trees was greatest in areas seeks for attention? where trees had suffered the greatest water A.Point out his weaknesses. shortage.The researchers figured out water stress B.Protect his passion for exploration. with a computer model that calculated how much C.Comment on his behavior. water trees were getting in comparison with how D.Encourage his reflection on himself. much they needed,taking into account such things B as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and California has lost half its big trees since the the timing of snowmelt(). 1930s,according to a study to be published Since the 1930s,Mclntyre said,the biggest Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factors driving up water stress in the state have factor(因素). been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose The number of trees larger than two feet across more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 reduces the water supply available to trees during square miles of California forests,the new study the dry season. finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the 4.What is the second paragraph mainly about? foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains i A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra B.The increasing variety of California big trees. high country,the number of big trees has fallen by C.The distribution of big trees in California more than 55 percent;in parts of southern forests. California the decline was nearly 75 percent. D.The influence of farming on big trees in Many factors contributed to the decline,said California. Patrick Mclntyre,an ecologist who was the lead5.Which of the following is well-intentioned but author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees. may be bad for big trees? Housing development pushed into the woods. A.Ecological studies of forests. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests B.Banning woodcutting. crowded with small trees that compete with big trees C.Limiting housing development. for resources(资源). D.Fire control measures. But in comparing a study of California forests 6.What is a major cause of the water shortage done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one according to Mclntyre? between 2001 and 2010,Mclntyre and his A.Inadequate snowmelt. colleagues documented a widespread death of big B.A longer dry season. trees that was evident even in wildlands protected C.A warmer climate. from woodcutting or development. D.Dampness of the air. —205 7.What can be a suitable title for the text? C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California A.California's Forests:Where Have All the Big Forests? Trees Gone? D.Patrick Mclntyre:Grow More Big Trees B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in in California California Soon Ⅱ.语法填空 Speaking of extreme sports,what come into our mind are 1 (activity）full of excitement and adventure.Extreme sports can offer you the freedom of 2. challenge) yourself physically and psychologically(在心理上)to perform feats(壮举)or even make you feel sick. As a result,many people regard extreme sports,like bungee jumping,3. a special attempt (尝试)rather than a kind of sport. However,in my opinion,getting involved in an extreme sport is 4. great way,not only to have fun,but also to keep a healthy body 5. weigh).Extreme sports can push your body's limits,so you'll be able to bum extra calories and many extreme sports require you 6. (use)all your muscles. Another benefit of practicing extreme sports 7. be)that you will be in shape. Exercising has always been great for the human body.Try something 8. (wonder)instead and feel that you are alive.Being in good shape is a sign of a healthy lifestyle,9. is based on a healthy diet and lots of exercising.Extreme sports 10. (equip)with all kinds of features and characters that sports should have Ⅲ.应用文写作 某英语周报组织了有关“自然界给我们的启 示”的故事评选。假定你最喜欢的故事是《拔苗 助长》，请你根据以下提示写一篇短文参加评选： 1.简述《拔苗助长》的故事； 2.你的感悟。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：秧苗seedling喘气gasp 206作自己的家。 1.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我讨厌新奥尔良！我想回 家！”当我们搬箱子的时候，我向妈妈宣布。A.announced宣 布；B.replied回答；C.turned转变；D.pointed指出。根据“I hate New Orleans！I wanna go home!”可知，向妈妈“宣布”。故 选A。 2.C考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，回家并不容易，因为我的 家在1,100英里之外。A.Therefore因此；B.nstead相反，反 而：C.However然而；D.Besides另外。根据第一句“I hate New Orleans!I wanna go home!”和空格后的“going home was not easy because my home was 1,l00 miles away.”可知，前后是 种“转折”关系。故选C。 3.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在北弗吉尼亚出生并长大。 A.trained训练；B.raised抚养，提高，举起；C.promoted促进， 提升；D.fed喂养。根据下文的“Virginia was my home”可知， 作者在弗吉尼亚“长大”。故选B。 4.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗吉尼亚是我的家，我从没想 过我会改变。A.develop开发，进步；B.continue继续；C.exist 存在；D.change改变。根据第4空前后的内容“I never expected'"和“ln2014,my family experienced a tragedy(悲剧)， so my parents decided to move to my mom's hometown of New Orleans..”可知，作者并没想“改变”。故选D 5.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我父母做出搬家决定后仅仅 三个月，我就开始把箱子搬进我们的新家。A.command命令， 指挥；B.suggestion建议；C.excuse借口；D.decision决定。根 据第5空后的“I found myself moving boxes into our new house.”可知，作者一家在“决定”后搬家。固定搭配：make a decision'“做出决定”。故选D。 6.C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对母亲说我讨厌新环境，部 分原因是它太热了，但主要是因为我觉得我的整个生活都被 颠覆了。A.preferred更喜欢；B.missed错过，想念；C.hate厌 恶；D.imagined想象。根据第6空后的“the new environment was partly motivated by how hot it was,but it was mostly due to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been tumed upside dowm.”可知，作者“厌恶”新家。故选C。 7.B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在距离我所熟悉的人和事 1,100英里之外的地方，我感到害怕。A.surprised感到吃惊 的；B.frightened感到害怕的；C.delighted感到高兴的； D.relieved感到宽慰的。根据第7空前的“1，l00 miles away from everyone and everything I had ever known”可知，此处指作 者“感到害怕”。故选B。 8.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：开始高中生活本身就是一段可怕 的经历。A.performance表现，表演：B.region地区；C.presentation 描述，展示；D.experience经历。根据第8空前后“Beginning high school is a scary”和“on its own”可知，高中“经历”是艰难的。故 选D。 9.B考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在新奥尔良度过了头几个 月，非常想回到弗吉尼亚的家。A.partly部分地，在一定程度 上；B.bady非常；C.slightly稍微；D.hardly几乎不。根据第9 空前后的内容“my first few months in New Orleans”和“wanting to go home to Virginia”可知，作者“非常”想家。故选B。 10.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在几个月的思念之后，我 意识到我有一个选择。A.realized意识到；B.remembered记 得：C.observed观察：D.complained抱怨。根据第10空后的 “I had a choice”可知，此处指作者“意识到”有个选择。故 选A。 11.C考查并列连词。句意：我可以继续思考我有多想念我的 老房子，或者我可以开始尝试在这里建一个新家。A.and 和；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.so所以。根据第11空后的“I chose the latter.”可知，作者是在两个抉择中做出的选择。故 选C。 29 12.A考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我不再关注我有多想念弗 吉尼亚时，我开始接受人们已经给予我的爱。A.attention注 意力，关注；B.patience耐心；C.trust信任；D.confidence信 心。根据第l2空后的“how much I missed Virginia,I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me." 可知，作者不再“关注”想家这件事。故选A。 13.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居教我做一些新奥尔 良的食物，我发现了一个很棒的厨师和邻居社区。 A.generation世代；B.community社区；C.race种族；D.school 学校。根据第l3空前的“My neighbor taught me how to cook some New Orleans food”可知，作者找到一个好“社区”。故 选B。 14.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我抓住每一个可能的 机会来完善自己，重建我的生活。A.teach教；B.accept接 受；C.judge判断；D.better胜过，改善。根据第l4空后的 “myself and to rebuild my life”可知，作者要开始新生活，“改 善”自己。故选D。 15.C考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我为自己创造了一个新 家的韧性和人们对我的爱，家就在这里。A.belief信仰： B.freedom自由；C.love爱；D.interest兴趣。根据第l5空后 的“people have shown to me,home is right here"可知，作者在 新地方得到了人们的“爱”。故选C。 练案[20] I.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。作者指出父母无意的批评会让 孩子长久以来都看低自己，并建议当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该 保护他探索的热情。 l.D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“A young girl,.who enjoys being the center of attention,may act out for her friends and family.”(一个喜欢成为关注焦点的年轻女孩，可能会在朋友 和家人面前表现出来。)可知，第一段是讲述一个年轻女孩的 经历。根据第二段“The girl's experience shows how people live with shame when they have been criticized (for just being themselves.”(这个女孩的经历告诉我们，当人们因为做自己 而受到批评时，他们是如何羞愧地生活的。)可知，文章是通过 举例来引入主题。故选D。 2.A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The child may conclude that he is a bad person.Such casual criticism by parents can linger and stick to children like glue.”(这孩子可能断定他 是一个差劲的人。父母这种漫不经心的批评会像胶水一样粘 在孩子身上。)可知，父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看 低自己。故选A。 3.B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The next time a child shows you a drawing he's done,or sings a song for you in an effort to get your attention,recognize that your response may be extremely important toward the child's willingness to continue to explore these creative efforts."(下次当一个孩子向你展示他完 成的一幅画，或为你唱一首歌以吸引你的注意时，你要意识到 你的反应可能对孩子继续探索这些创造性努力的意愿极其重 要。)以及倒数第二段“The more encouragement we show them and the more we keep their sense of what's possible alive,the more likely they will be to explore and find their own enthusiasm in life.”(我们越鼓励他们，我们越能保持他们对可能发生的 事情的意识，他们就越有可能在生活中探索并找到自己的热 情。)可知，当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。 故选B。 文章大意：文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林面临着的巨 大危机，大型树木在急剧减少，作者阐述了现象，并分析了其原因。 4.A段落主旨题。根据文章第二段“The number of trees.: declined by 50 percent...more than 55 percent...75 percent" 数字可知，该段主要讲述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重 性，故选A项。 5.D推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Aggressive wildfire control..compete with..resources”可知，由于激进的森林防 火措施，虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛 滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量骤减，所以选D项。 6.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since the1930s,Mclntyre said...have been rising temperatures...reduces the water..." 知，水资源短缺的一个主因是逐渐上升的气候温度，故选 C项。 7.A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，主要讲述了美国加州森林中 大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了原因。由此A项能很好 地概括全文。 Ⅱ.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了极限运动，作者认为参 加极限运动是一个很好的方式，不仅有乐趣，而且可以保持健康 的体重。极限运动的另一个好处是你可以保持体形。极限运动 具有运动应有的各种特征和特，点。 l.activities考查名词。activity为可数名词，此处前文没有冠 词，be动词are是复数，故应用复数形式。故填activities。 2.challenging考查非谓语动词。上文of为介词，后跟动名词短 语作宾语。故填challenging。 3.s考查介词。句意：因此，许多人将极限运动如蹦极，视为 一种特殊的尝试，而不是一种运动。regard..as固定短语， “将…视为”，故填as。 4.a考查冠词。way为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词 且great为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 5.weight考查名词。句意：然而，在我看来，参加极限运动是 个很好的方式，不仅有乐趣，而且可以保持健康的体重。根据 上文a healthy body可知应填名词weight,作动词keep的宾语 故填weight。. 6.to use考查非谓语动词。句意：极限运动会让你的身体达到 极限，所以你会消耗额外的卡路里，而且许多极限运动需要你 动用全身肌肉。require sb..to do sth.固定短语，“需要某人做 某事”，故填to useo 7.s考查主谓一致。此处描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语 为Another benefit,故谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is。 8.wonderful考查形容词。句意：尝试一些美好的事情，感觉你 还活着。修饰不定代词something,表示“美好的事情”，应用 形容词wonderful作后置定语。故填wonderful。 9.which考查定语从句。句意：身材好是健康生活方式的标 志，而健康生活方式的基础是健康的饮食和许多的运动。此 处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词healthy lifestyle,指物，且 从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which,故填which。 l0.are equipped考查时态语态。句意：极限运动具有运动应有 的各种特征和特点。be equipped with固定短语，“具有”，此处 描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Extreme sports,谓语 动词用复数。故填are equipped. Ⅲ.参考范文： In ancient times,there was a man who wanted the seedlings in his field to grow faster and went to the edge of the field every day. But one day,two days,three days passed,and the seedlings did not seem to grow at all.He walked up and down the field anxiously, saying to himself,"I must think of a way to help them grow."One day,he finally thought of something to do.He rushed to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one.He was exhausted from working from noon till sunset.When he got home,he gasped for breath and said to his son,"I am tired out.My efforts have paid off.The seedlings all grew in great lengths."His son did not understand what was going on.He went to the field and found that all the crops were dead. This fable also tells a specific truth:"More haste,less speed. 2 练案[21] 一、语言基础训练 I.1.secretly 2.disposed 3.bent 4.to find 5.had been 6.at 7.(should)be made 8.innocence 9.shaved 10.weekly II.1.as if 2.insisted on 3.glared at 4.long for 5.at the beginning 6.early on 7.by the time 8.At any momen 9.broke out 10.be famous for llI.1.only to find 2.glanced at 3.shook his head as if to say 4.does hope 5.got a degree from 二、培优提升训练 I,文章大意：这是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是随着航空业 的温室气体排放量的逐年增加，作为个人来讲，放弃或严格限制 飞行次数的行为是有必要的。 L.B推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Electric and solar- powered airliners are reportedly in development at Wright Electric and Airbus among others,but battery technology still falls behind jet fuels.”(据报道，Wright Electric和Airbus等公司正在研发 电动和太阳能客机，但电池技术仍落后于喷气式飞机的燃 料。)可知，由于技术原因，用于电动飞机的电池还不足以支持 电动飞机的运行，还需要继续研究。由此可推断出，对于电力 航空公司来说，想要成功还有很长的路要走。故选B项。 2.A推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Zoe Hatch,who lives in Maidenhead,stopped flying in 2015 after reading up on climate change.Her husband and their two children,11 and 15,joined her in a family decision to switch to slow travel."Zoe Hatch 在Maidenhead,在阅读了有关气候变化的文章后，于2015年 停止了飞行。她的丈夫和他们的两个孩子，11岁和15岁，加 入她的行动中，全家人决定转换为慢旅行的出行方式。)可知， Hatch对“慢旅行”的态度是支持的，因为全家人都将出行方 式转化为“慢旅行”，Supportive意为“支持的”，符合Hatch对 “慢旅行”的态度。故选A项。 3.A推理判断题。本题需要我们推断出作者是如何支持这篇 文章的主题的。本文主要论述的是随着航空业的温室气体排 放量的逐年增加，作为个人来讲，放弃或严格限制飞行次数的 行为是有必要的。文章中分别举出了“Zoe Hatch”和“Steve Mlia”的例子，她们都是在了解了这一问题后，决定停止乘飞 机的出行方式，为环保尽自己的力量。由此可推断出，作者是 通过列举具体人物的例子来支特这篇文章的主题的。故选 A项。 4.C主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是随着航空业的温室气体 排放量的逐年增加，作为个人来讲，放弃或严格限制飞行次数 的行为是有必要的。在文章中，为了论证这一观点，分别列举 了“Zoe Hatch”和“Steve Melia”的例子，两个人都是因为了解 到飞机运行会排放温室气体这个问题后，才决定停止乘飞机 的出行方式。“Why some people have given up flying?”意为 “为什么有些人放弃了飞行？”，能够引出文章想要表达的主 题，吸引读者的注意。故选C项。 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现 人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。 5.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring50to500 microns in length,microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces.Therefore,much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body"可知，微塑料 颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分 解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体 的普遍存在还有很多未知之处。由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大 小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中。故选C。 6.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation...Based