Unit 5 Section III Developing ideas-【成才之路·练案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步新课程学习指导(外研版)

练案[19] Unit 5 Learning from nature Section III Developing ideas Presenting ideas 一、语言基础训练 2.John applied to several companies after he I.单词拼写 resign )his position as vice 1.He is a man of great (智慧). president,but he (reject)over 2.(2023·全国乙卷)Born to a Jewish family in and over again Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked 3.(2023·全国乙卷)In addition to the problem of as a (医生)and performed surgery. miscomprehension from both sides.there are 3.(2025·全国I卷)A (相当好的) victories accidentally winner always tries to beat the opponent by no or more than one or two points as a gesture of (deliberate)twisted,especially when only the respect for the other side. victors know how to write. 4.If you already have severe (抑郁4.(2023·全国新课标I卷)The tour symptoms,then seek help right away. depart)from Dam Square every hour on the 5.The color white represents (纯洁)and hour,starting at 1 00 pm every day. innocence.Red stands for bravery. 5.(2023·全国新课标I卷语法填空)To eat 6.I am not very familiar with (植物学 one,you have to decide whether (bite) 的)names. a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and 7.After a fierce battle,the enemy was forced to (退出). risking a spill（溢出)，or to put the whole 8.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Things like kale ribs,fish dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup collars, (嫌弃)sweet potatoes,and explode on your tongue. cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,6.At last he (attain)a position of great with the help of a number of good chefs,turned influence. into excellent cuisine. 7.They finally agreed to our terms with a certain 9.He has (辞职)and will hand over reluctant). charge of his office today. 8.He walked down the river, sing 10.She was (不情愿的)to admit she softly to himself. was wrong. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 9.She suffered from severe 1.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,who depressive)after losing her job withdraw )from all human 10.You should avoid mention)his society. divorce. 199 Ⅲ.选词填空 While previous evidence seems to show that in return for,be separated by,take inspiration most dogs do not learn words,unless eventually from,feel at ease,seek solutions to,be opposed very well trained,a few individuals have shown to,succeed in,for good,in contrast to,on the edge some extraordinary abilities,according to a study of published in the journal Scientific Reports. 1.For all of these reasons,I would "We wanted to know under which conditions the construction of a new factory near my the gifted dogs may learn novel words,"said community. researcher Claudia Fugazza from the Eotvos Lorand 2.Showing up early can calm yourself down and University in Hungary.For the study,the team make you involved two gifted dogs,Whisky and Vicky Nina. 3.He finally reached his goal their The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two correct guidance. different conditions. 4.We should environment In the exclusion-based task,presented with pollution as soon as possible seven known toys and one new toy,the dogs were 5.The world is really big and we will able to select the new toy when presented with a new the ocean. name.Researchers say this proves that dogs can 6.Scientists nature to make choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, their breakthrough. ! they selected the only toy which did not have a 7.Unemployment in Germany is also falling, known name. the trend in France. However,this was not the way they would 8.But unlike America,Spain is a debt learn the name of the toy.In fact,when they were crisis. ! presented with one more equally new name to test 9.There is no doubt that you will their ability to recognize the toy by its name,the your scientific research. dogs got totally confused and failed. 10.There was more cheers that summer when The other condition,the social one,where the British troops came back from Irag dogs played with their owners who pronounced the 二、培优提升训练 name of the toy while playing with the dog,proved I.阅读理解 to be the successful way to learn the name of the A toy,even after hearing it only 4 times."The rapid Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words?learning that we observed seems to equal children's Yes,say researchers as they have found that ability to learn many new words at a fast rate talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new around the age of 18 months,"Fugazza says."But words after hearing them only four times. we do not know whether the learning mechanisms —200 (behind this learning are the same for 4.Which of the following is the best title for the humans and dogs.” ! text? To test whether most dogs would learn words A.Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly. this way,20 other dogs were tested in the same B.Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion. condition,but none of them showed any evidence of C.Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of learning the toy names,confirming that the ability to Training. learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training D.Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs. Humans. 1.What was the purpose of the study published in 8 Scientific Reports? I saw my first tree today.Dad used to tell me A.To better train dogs'ability to learn new stories about the trees that still existed when he was words. a boy.There weren't very many even then,with the B.To further confirm previous evidence about urbanization program in full swing. dogs. The O'Brien's home was one of the few C.To prove extraordinary memory abilities of examples of old-style wooden structures that hadn't gifted dogs. been destroyed in Boston's urban-renewal campaign.The family had been able to avoid this D.To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs' because of its wealth and political influence,and new-word learning. the house was passed on through generations to the 2.How did the dogs react when exposed to two new present.Old man O'Brien had no children,so when names in the first condition? he died,the Urban Center bought it.Then an A.Slow to understand. official discovered that the house had a backyard- B.Quick to learn. in the yard was a live tree! C.At a loss. When the news of the tree's discovery leaked D.In a panic out quite a few sightseers stopped by to have a look 3.What was found about dogs'new-word learning in at it,and the local goverment,realizing the the social condition? money-making potential,began charging admission A.Learning through playing applied to most and advertising the place.By now it had become a dogs. favorite spot for family trips like ours. B.The social condition helped dogs learn new Dad paid the fee and we walked through a words. doorway hidden in a bookshelf and into the C.Dogs'new-word learning turned out to be less backyard.I just couldn't help noticing the tree! effective. It was located at one end of the yard,with a D.Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with fence around it for protection.It was similar in form children. to the plastic trees I'd seen,but there was much —201 more.You could see details more delicate than in C.It was preserved together with the house by its any artificially made plant.And it was alive.But owner. best of all was the smell-fresh,living smell, D.It got the local government's attention as a unfamiliar to the world outside with metal,plastic, tourist attraction and glass.I wanted to touch the bark,but the fence 6.How might the author feel after the trip? prevented me from doing so. A.Annoyed. B.Calm. On the way back,I read through the C.Excited. D.Upset. brochures.One part said the O'Brien's home would 7.Which statement best shows the theme of the be torn down next year to make room for some passage? insurance building,and the tree will have to A.Social progress and urbanization come at a go,too. cost. I just sat still,fingering the object in my B.Social progress should give way to nature pocket that I had picked in the O'Brien's backyard. protection. I think it's called an acorn(橡子). C.Humans value nature protection over social 5.Why could the tree in the O'Brien's backyard progress. survive till today? D.Urbanization has more advantages than A.It possessed some special characteristics. disadvantages. B.It had a very strong fence around to protect it. Ⅱ.完形填空 “I hate New Orleans！I wanna go home！!”I_1tomy 1.A.announced B.replied mother as we moved boxes.2,going home was not easy C.turned D.pointed because my home was 1,100 miles away. 2.A.Therefore B.Instead I was born and 3 in northern Virginia.Virginia was C.However D.Besides my home,and I never expected that to 4.In 2014,my 3.A.trained B.raised family experienced a tragedy ()so my parents decided C.promoted D.fed to move to my mom's hometown of New Orleans. 4.A.develop B.continue Only three months after my parents made the 5 to C.exist D.change move,I found myself moving boxes into our new house.My 5.A.command B.suggestion announcement to my mother that I 6 the new environment C.excuse D.decision was partly motivated by how hot it was,but it was mostly due6.A.preferred B.missed to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside C.hate D.imagined down.1,100 miles away from everyone and everything I had7.A.surprised B.frightened ever known,I was 7.To make matters worse,I was C.delighted D.relieved —202 starting high school in two weeks.Beginning high school is a 8.A.performance B.region scary 8 on its own. C.presentation D.experience I spent my first few months in New Orleans,9 9.A.partly B.badly wanting to go home to Virginia.But after a few months of C.slightly D.hardly missing home,I 10 that I had a choice.I could continue 10.A.realized B.remembered thinking about how much I missed my old home,11 I C.observed D.complained could start trying to build a new home right here.I chose the 11.A.and B.but latter C.or D.so As soon as I stopped giving all my 12 to how much I 12.A.attention B.patience missed Virginia,I was able to begin accepting the love that C.trust D.confidence people were already giving me.I joined some clubs at school, 13.A.generation B.community which gave me the chance to make friends.My neighbor taught C.race D.school me how to cook some New Orleans food,and I found a14.A.teach B.accept wonderful 13 of fellow cooks and neighbors.Overall,I C.judge D.better seized every possible opportunity to 14 myself and to 15.A.belief B.freedom rebuild my life. C.love D.interest Because of my resilience(复原力)in creating a new home for myself and the 15 that people have shown to me,home is right here. —203—3.C根据下文对narrative storytelling活动的介绍可知，此处表 示复述(retelling)故事。recreate再现，再创造；memorize“记 住”。故选C。 4.D根据下文中的“from forming complex..lets you speak fluently in English”可知，此处表示复述故事让你的大脑不必 形成复杂思想，这种有效的(effective)方法让你能够流利地说 英语。free..fom..意为“使…摆脱…的束缚”。 separate..fom..“使…与…分离”；protect..from.. “保护…免受…的伤害”；discourage..fom..“使…丧 失…信心”。故选D。 5.B参见上题解析。形容词effective符合语境。故选B。 6.D根据上文内容和下文中的“an activity requiring your opinion can slow you down'”可知，此处与上文内容形成对比。 on the contrary“与此相反”，符合语境。故选D。 7.C此处表示它迫使你边说边思考。dive“迫使，驱使”，符合 语境。conduct“指挥”；permit“允许”；enable“使能够”。故 选C。 8.B此处表示努力提供更多细节，争取完成三分钟时长或更短 一点的录音。aim for意为“力争做到”，符合语境。故选B。 9.A根据下文中的“the time is not the goal in giving many details'”可知，此处表示提供很多细节的目的不是凑时长。ll “占据（时间）”。故选A l0.A根据下文中的“because you do not have to stop and think of each idea separately”可知，此处表示目的是快速地说，呼应上 文中的“lets you speak fluently in English”。故选A。 11.C这篇文章是作者就外语学习提的建议。此处表示作者建 议(recommend)先练习向自己大声复述几次。admit“承认”； mind“介意”；appreciate“欣赏”。故选C。 12.A根据上下文和常识可知，复述故事时当然要记住要点 (points)。detail“细节”；opinion'“看法”；comment'“评论”。故 选A。 l3.B根据下文中的“find all or most grammar or vocabulary mistakes”可知，此处表示不要指望(expect)找出所有或大多数 语法或用词错误。demand“要求”；forget'“忘记”；manage“设法 做成”。故选B。 14.D上文提到不要指望找出所有或大多数语法或用词错误， 此处表示但是，你可以很容易发现(spot)一些错误。故选D。 l5.B此处表示你还可以留意你的语言流利程度。take note of “注意到”。take advantage of“利用”：take care of“照顾”：take charge of“掌管”。故选B。 练案[19] 一、语言基础训练 1.1.wisdom 2.physician 3.decent 4.depressive 5.purity 6.botanical 7.withdraw 8.rejected 9.resigned 10.reluctant II.1.had withdrawn 2.resigned was rejected 3.deliberately 4.departs 5.to bite 6.attained 7.reluctance 8.singing 9.depression 10.mentioning II.1.be opposed to 2.feel at ease 3.in return for 4.seek solutions to 5.be separated by 6.take inspiration from 7.in contrast to 8.on the edge of 9.succeed in 10.for good 二、培优提升训练 I.文章大意：本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学 习新的单词。 l.D细节理解题。根据第三段“‘We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may leam novel words',said researcher Claudia Fugazza from the Eotvos Lorand University in lungary.”(匈牙利Eotvos Lorand大学的研究员Clau山a Fugazza说：“我们想知道这些有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以 学习新单词。”)可知，研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况 下可以学习新单词。故选D。 25 2.C细节理解题。根据第五段“In fact,when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name,the dogs got totally confused and failed.”(事实上，当给它们一个同样的新名字来测试它们通 过名字识别玩具的能力时，狗完全困惑了，并失败了。)可知， 在第一种环境下狗非常的困惑。故选C。 3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The other condition,the social one,where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog,proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy,even after hearing it only4 times.”(另一种情况是社会性的，在这种情况 下，狗狗和它们的主人一起玩耍，主人在和狗狗玩耍的同时念 出了玩具的名字。结果证明，即使只听了4次，狗狗也能成功 地记住玩具的名字。)可推出，在社会性条件下可以帮助狗狗 学习新的单词。故选B。 4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words?Yes,say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times..”(想知道狗狗能不能学会新单词吗？是的，研 究人员称，因为他们发现，聪明的狗狗可能只听四次就能掌握 新单词。)以及文章中的案例可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有 天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在城市化全 面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在O'Brien家 后院，但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被 砍掉，这使作者很沮丧。 5.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“The O'Brien's home was one of the few examples of old-style wooden structures that hadn't been destroyed...Then an official discovered that the house had a backyard一in the yard was a live tree!(在波士顿的城市重建运 动中，奥布莱恩的房子是少数几个没有被摧毁的旧式木结构 建筑的例子之一。由于其财富和政治影响力，这个家族得以 避免这种情况，这所房子代代相传到现在。…后来一位官 员发现这所房子有一个后院—院子里是一棵活的树！)”可 知，O'Brien家后院的树能存活到今天是因为它和房子一起被 主人保存了下来。故选C项。 6.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“One part said the O'Brien's home would be torn down next year to make room for some insurance building,and the tree will have to go,too. 一部分说O'Brien的房子明年将被拆除，为一些保险大楼腾出 空间，那棵树也必须被砍掉。)”和最后一段中“I just sat still, fingering the object in my pocket that I had picked in the O'Brien's backyard.(我只能静静地坐着，用手摸着我口袋里的东西，它 是在O'Brien家后院捡到的。)”可知，作者在这次旅行后会感 到沮丧。故选D项。 7.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Dad used to tell me stories about the trees that still existed when he was a boy.There weren't very many even then,with the urbanization program in full swing. (爸爸常给我讲他小时候还存在的那些树的故事。即使在当 时，随着城市化进程的全面推进，这样的城市也不多。)”和倒 数第二段中“One part said the O'Brien's home would be torn down next year to make room for some insurance building,and the tree will have to go,too.(（其中一部分说O'Brien的房子明年将 被拆除，为一些保险大楼腾出空间，那棵树也必须被砍掉。)” 以及下文的描述可知，本文讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的 社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在O'Brien家后院， 但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被砍 掉，这使作者很沮丧。因此本文的主题选项A“社会进步和城 市化是有代价的”符合题意。故选A项。 Ⅱ.文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。作者和父母搬到了新奥尔良。 他厌恶这个地方，后来得到了当地人的关爱，最终决定把这里当 作自己的家。 1.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我讨厌新奥尔良！我想回 家！”当我们搬箱子的时候，我向妈妈宣布。A.announced宣 布；B.replied回答；C.turned转变；D.pointed指出。根据“I hate New Orleans！I wanna go home!”可知，向妈妈“宣布”。故 选A。 2.C考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，回家并不容易，因为我的 家在1,100英里之外。A.Therefore因此；B.nstead相反，反 而：C.However然而；D.Besides另外。根据第一句“I hate New Orleans!I wanna go home!”和空格后的“going home was not easy because my home was 1,l00 miles away.”可知，前后是 种“转折”关系。故选C。 3.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在北弗吉尼亚出生并长大。 A.trained训练；B.raised抚养，提高，举起；C.promoted促进， 提升；D.fed喂养。根据下文的“Virginia was my home”可知， 作者在弗吉尼亚“长大”。故选B。 4.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗吉尼亚是我的家，我从没想 过我会改变。A.develop开发，进步；B.continue继续；C.exist 存在；D.change改变。根据第4空前后的内容“I never expected'"和“ln2014,my family experienced a tragedy(悲剧)， so my parents decided to move to my mom's hometown of New Orleans..”可知，作者并没想“改变”。故选D 5.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我父母做出搬家决定后仅仅 三个月，我就开始把箱子搬进我们的新家。A.command命令， 指挥；B.suggestion建议；C.excuse借口；D.decision决定。根 据第5空后的“I found myself moving boxes into our new house.”可知，作者一家在“决定”后搬家。固定搭配：make a decision'“做出决定”。故选D。 6.C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对母亲说我讨厌新环境，部 分原因是它太热了，但主要是因为我觉得我的整个生活都被 颠覆了。A.preferred更喜欢；B.missed错过，想念；C.hate厌 恶；D.imagined想象。根据第6空后的“the new environment was partly motivated by how hot it was,but it was mostly due to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been tumed upside dowm.”可知，作者“厌恶”新家。故选C。 7.B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在距离我所熟悉的人和事 1,100英里之外的地方，我感到害怕。A.surprised感到吃惊 的；B.frightened感到害怕的；C.delighted感到高兴的； D.relieved感到宽慰的。根据第7空前的“1，l00 miles away from everyone and everything I had ever known”可知，此处指作 者“感到害怕”。故选B。 8.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：开始高中生活本身就是一段可怕 的经历。A.performance表现，表演：B.region地区；C.presentation 描述，展示；D.experience经历。根据第8空前后“Beginning high school is a scary”和“on its own”可知，高中“经历”是艰难的。故 选D。 9.B考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在新奥尔良度过了头几个 月，非常想回到弗吉尼亚的家。A.partly部分地，在一定程度 上；B.bady非常；C.slightly稍微；D.hardly几乎不。根据第9 空前后的内容“my first few months in New Orleans”和“wanting to go home to Virginia”可知，作者“非常”想家。故选B。 10.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在几个月的思念之后，我 意识到我有一个选择。A.realized意识到；B.remembered记 得：C.observed观察：D.complained抱怨。根据第10空后的 “I had a choice”可知，此处指作者“意识到”有个选择。故 选A。 11.C考查并列连词。句意：我可以继续思考我有多想念我的 老房子，或者我可以开始尝试在这里建一个新家。A.and 和；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.so所以。根据第11空后的“I chose the latter.”可知，作者是在两个抉择中做出的选择。故 选C。 29 12.A考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我不再关注我有多想念弗 吉尼亚时，我开始接受人们已经给予我的爱。A.attention注 意力，关注；B.patience耐心；C.trust信任；D.confidence信 心。根据第l2空后的“how much I missed Virginia,I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me." 可知，作者不再“关注”想家这件事。故选A。 13.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居教我做一些新奥尔 良的食物，我发现了一个很棒的厨师和邻居社区。 A.generation世代；B.community社区；C.race种族；D.school 学校。根据第l3空前的“My neighbor taught me how to cook some New Orleans food”可知，作者找到一个好“社区”。故 选B。 14.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我抓住每一个可能的 机会来完善自己，重建我的生活。A.teach教；B.accept接 受；C.judge判断；D.better胜过，改善。根据第l4空后的 “myself and to rebuild my life”可知，作者要开始新生活，“改 善”自己。故选D。 15.C考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我为自己创造了一个新 家的韧性和人们对我的爱，家就在这里。A.belief信仰： B.freedom自由；C.love爱；D.interest兴趣。根据第l5空后 的“people have shown to me,home is right here"可知，作者在 新地方得到了人们的“爱”。故选C。 练案[20] I.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。作者指出父母无意的批评会让 孩子长久以来都看低自己，并建议当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该 保护他探索的热情。 l.D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“A young girl,.who enjoys being the center of attention,may act out for her friends and family.”(一个喜欢成为关注焦点的年轻女孩，可能会在朋友 和家人面前表现出来。)可知，第一段是讲述一个年轻女孩的 经历。根据第二段“The girl's experience shows how people live with shame when they have been criticized (for just being themselves.”(这个女孩的经历告诉我们，当人们因为做自己 而受到批评时，他们是如何羞愧地生活的。)可知，文章是通过 举例来引入主题。故选D。 2.A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The child may conclude that he is a bad person.Such casual criticism by parents can linger and stick to children like glue.”(这孩子可能断定他 是一个差劲的人。父母这种漫不经心的批评会像胶水一样粘 在孩子身上。)可知，父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看 低自己。故选A。 3.B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The next time a child shows you a drawing he's done,or sings a song for you in an effort to get your attention,recognize that your response may be extremely important toward the child's willingness to continue to explore these creative efforts."(下次当一个孩子向你展示他完 成的一幅画，或为你唱一首歌以吸引你的注意时，你要意识到 你的反应可能对孩子继续探索这些创造性努力的意愿极其重 要。)以及倒数第二段“The more encouragement we show them and the more we keep their sense of what's possible alive,the more likely they will be to explore and find their own enthusiasm in life.”(我们越鼓励他们，我们越能保持他们对可能发生的 事情的意识，他们就越有可能在生活中探索并找到自己的热 情。)可知，当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。 故选B。 文章大意：文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林面临着的巨 大危机，大型树木在急剧减少，作者阐述了现象，并分析了其原因。 4.A段落主旨题。根据文章第二段“The number of trees.: declined by 50 percent...more than 55 percent...75 percent" 数字可知，该段主要讲述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重