Unit 2 阅读理解题型点拨（二）——细节理解题之间接-【成才之路·学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步新课程学习指导(外研版)

阅读理解题型点拔（二） 命题角度1词语替换类细节题 命题透视 该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键 词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替 换文中的相关细节信息，例如，使用book对文中 的reserve进行同义转换，用less different对文中 的more in common进行同义转换。 方法点拨 词语复现法 第一步：审清题目问的是什么，带着问 题有针对性地扫读原文，迅速锁定相关 词 信息 语 ® 第二步：通过语意转换，在文章中寻找 题干中关键词语的同义词或近义词 现 法 第三步：仔细比较选项与原文信息，选 出答案 )典例剖析 例1.◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962,Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science,math and technology. Today,Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A.Train science teachers. B.Distribute science books. 053 细节理解题之间接信息题 C.Inspire scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom. 解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段的 "Today,Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry- based science education to classrooms and community events”可知，太平洋科学中心把科 学教育带入课堂，故选D。 命题角度2数字计算类细节题 命题透视 此类题要求考生对具体细节信息，尤其是年 龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工，但此类试题 的重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体信息 的处理能力，故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。 方法点拨 查读分析法 第一步：明确题目要求，带着题干信息 查 海 在文中找到相关细节 第二步：对相关数字信息进行分析，理 分 清逻辑关系 析 法 第三步：进行简单计算，得出答案 >典例制析 2.At present,the world has about6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over8O0.The median number(中位数)of 054 speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200. 解析：B数字计算题。根据第三段中的“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages. 可知，目前世界上有大约6,800种语言；再根 据“The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人 数少于6,000，也就是说有大约3,400种语言 的使用人数少于6,000。故选B。 命题角度3信息综合类细节题 命题透视 为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候 也会从考查考生信息综合能力的角度来命题，虽 然各细节信息在文章中都能找到，但需要考生进 行综合分析之后，才能得出答案。 方法点拨 定位甄别法 第一步：仔细阅读题干，抓取关键词语， 定 定位文中的相关细节信息 位 第二步：综合分析原文相关细节，结合 甄 选项概括总结 别 第三步：准确理解各选项含义，仔细对 法 比、分析、甄别，确定答案 >典例剖析 例3.A build--it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it's an excellent water collector. Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 5'x 5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container-perhaps just a drinking cup-to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.It's delicate. B.It's expensive. C.It's complex. D.It's portable. 解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一 句“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知，这种自 制的太阳能蒸馏器便于携带。故选D。 素养等级测评 请同学们认真完成考案（二）