特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 语法专版 【语法专题】主谓一致系统讲解 高中全国版特殊结构与综合语法 语法精讲 语法概述：主谓一致=句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致，确保谓语动词的形式与主语的 单复数或人称相匹配。 重难点讲解 重难点一：主语为集合名词时的主谓一致规则讲解： 集合名词（如family,,class,team,group,.audience等）作主语时，若强调整体概念，谓语动词用单 数：若强调个体成员，谓语动词用复数。 -强调整体：The family is moving to Beijing next month.(全家作为整体搬迁) 强调个体：The family are preparing for their respective trips..(家人各自准备行程) 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国卷模拟，人教版)The class listening to the teacher carefully when the bell rang. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：D解析：class此处强调“班级里的学生”个体，谓语用复数；由rang可知时态为过 去时，故选were。 2.(2023江苏苏州期中，译林版)Our team_won the championship three times in a row: A.has B.have C.is D.are 答案：A解析：te强调“团队整体”的成绩，谓语用单数：“赢得冠军”为完成时态，用 has. 高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 重难点二：“分数/百分数+o+名词”结构的主谓一致讲解： “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定（名词为可数复数时 用复数，不可数名词或可数单数时用单数)。 -可数复数名词：Two thirds of the students are from rural areas. -不可数名词：Three fourths of the water has been polluted, 真题再现： 1.(2024 浙江杭州期末，外研版)About60%of the earth'’s surface_covered by water. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A解析：surface为不可数名词，谓语用单数：描述客观事实用一般现在时，故选is。 2.（2023湖北武汉月考，人教版)One fifth of the books in the library_written in English. A.is B.are C.have D.has 答案：B解析：books为可数复数，谓语用复数：“被写”用被动语态，此处省略be动词， 谓语直接用are。 重难点三：“neither..nor.”“either...or.”连接主语时的就近原则讲解： 由neither.nor.(既不…也不…)、either..or.…(要么…要么…)连接两个主语时，谓语 动词的单复数与就近的主语保持一致。 -Neither he nor I am interested in football.(就近主语为I,用am) -Either the teacher or the students are responsible for the mistake.(就近主语为students,用are) 真题再现： l.(2024全国卷真题，人教版)Neither my parents nor my brother_to attend the meeting tomorrow. A.plan B.plans C.is planning D.are planning 答案：B解析：就近主语为my brother(第三人称单数)，谓语用单数；“计划参加”用一般 现在时表将来，故选plans。 2.(2023广东广州期中，牛津版)Either you or your sister_the room every morning, A.clean B.cleans 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 C.cleaning D.to clean 答案：B 解析：就近主语为your sister(第三人称单数)，谓语用单数，故选cleans。. 重难点四：“he+形容词”指一类人时的主谓一致讲解： “he+形容词”（如the old,.the young,the poor,,the rich)表示“一类人”时，视为复数概念，谓语 动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of in this community. The injured were sent to the hospital immediately 真题再现： 1.(2024 山东济南模拟，人教版)The homeless_provided with food and shelter during the flood, A.was B.were C.is D.are 答案：B解析：the homeless指“无家可归的人”，为复数概念：由during the flood可知时 态为过去时，故选were。 2.(2023 四川成都期末，外研版)The young_always full of energy and hope for the future. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：B 解析：the young指“年轻人”群体，谓语用复数：描述一般事实用一般现在时，故 选are。 重难点五：“each/evey+单数名词+and+each/evey+单数名词”结构的主谓-致讲解： “each/evey+单数名词+and+each/evey+单数名词”作主语时，强调个体，谓语动词用单数。 -Each boy and each girl has a new textbook. -Every student and every teacher is required to attend the lecture. 真题再现： 1.(2024北京海淀期中，北师大版)Every man and every woman._theright to vote in this country. A.have B.has C.are D.is 答案：B 解析：“evey.and every.”结构强调个体，谓语用单数；“拥有权利”用实义动词 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 has,故选has。 2.(2023 河南郑州月考，人教版)Each student and each teacher_a member of the school union, A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案：B 解析：“each.…and each..”作主语，谓语用单数：“是成员”用be动词is,故选is。 重难点六：“there be'”句型中的主谓一致（就近原则）讲解： “there be”句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近be动词的名词保持一致（即就近原则）。 -There is a book and two pens on the desk.(就近名词a book为单数) -There are two pens and a book on the desk.(就近名词two pens为复数) 真题再现： l.(2024天津和平区期末，外研版)There_a football match and some concerts in the stadium next week A.is B.are C.will be D.was 答案：A解析：就近名词a football match为单数，be动词用is:next week表示将来，但there be句型中be动词的单复数由就近名词决定，will be为将来时结构，此处题干已限定be动词 形式，故选is。 2.(2023 安徽合肥期中，人教版)There_some milk and apples in the fridge. A.is B.are C.have D.has 答案：A解析：就近名词milk为不可数名词，be动词用is:there be句型不可与have/has连 用，故选is。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The audience deeply moved by the performance last night A.was B.were 高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 C.is D.are 2.Three fifths of the work already been completed by the team A.has B.have C.is D.are 3.Neither the students nor the teacher aware of the change in schedule. A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.The rich not always happier than the poor. A.is B.are C.was D.were Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.Each boy and each girl in the class(have)a unique talent. 2.The family(be)planning a trip to Europe next summer. 3.Either you or your brother (need)to collect the package tomorrow. 4.Two thirds of the money (be)donated to the charity last month. 5.The injured(send)to the hospital immediately after the accident. Ⅲ短文填空（综合运用主谓一致） 用所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（人教版教材课文改编） Our school team 1.(win)the regional championship last year.Now,the team 2.(prepare)for the national competition.Each player and each coach 3.(work)very hard.About half of the players 4. (be)from Grade 11.Neither the captain nor the vice-captain 5.(complain)about the heavy training. The young 6.(always support)their team.I think our team 7.(win)the next game. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.class,the,are,discussing,their,plans,holiday,for,(. 2.the,poor,provided,with,food,were,and,clothes,(. 5 高中全国版 【语法专版】 主谓一致系统讲解 3.every,man,and,every,woman,equal,rights,has,(. 4.neither,I,nor,my,sister,interested,in,sports,am,(. 5.there,a,book,two,pens,and,on,desk,the,is,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.The team is going to participate in the competition.（改为否定句) 2.Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 3.Either Tom or his friends are responsible for the mistake.(对划线部分提间) 4.The old are taken good care of in this village.(改为同义句) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.A3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.has2.are3.needs4.was5.were sent Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.won 2.are preparing 3.works 4.are 5.complains 6.always support 7.will win V.连词成句： 1.The class are discussing their plans for holiday. 2.The poor were provided with food and clothes. 3.Every man and every woman has equal rights. 4.Neither I nor my sister am interested in sports. 5.There is a book and two pens on the desk. 6 高中全国版 【语法专版】主谓一致系统讲解 V.按要求改写句子： 1.The team is not going to participate in the competition. 2.Have two thirds of the students passed the exam?Yes,they have. 3.Who is responsible for the mistake? 4.People take good care of the old in this village. 7