基础词法 形容词与副词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 基础词法 【语法专题】形容词与副词系统讲解 高中全国版基础词法 语法精讲 语法概述：高中全国版基础词法形容词与副词系统讲解的基本概念和理解：形容词是用来描写或 修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性的词：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、 其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：形容词与副词的基本用法区别讲解： 形容词主要用于修饰名词或代词，作定语、表语或宾语补足语，说明人或事物的性质、特征或状 态。 She is a beautiful girl..(定语，修饰名词girl) The flowers smell sweet..(表语，说明主语flowers的特征) We keep the room clean.(宾语补足语，补充说明宾语room的状态) 副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、频率等。 He runs quickly.(修饰动词uns,表示方式) This book is very interesting.(修饰形容词interesting,表示程度) She speaks English quite fluently..(修饰副词fluently,表示程度) Luckily,he passed the exam.(修饰整个句子，表示幸运地) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版基础词法同步练习)What do you think of the story?一It's.I like it very much A.interest B.interesting C.interested D.interestingly 答案：B解析：此处需要形容词作表语，说明事物stoy的性质，interesting表示“有趣的”， 修饰物，故选B。 2.(2023全国版基础词法期末测试)He studies_and he always gets good grades. A.hard 1 高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 B.hardly C.careful D.quick 答案：A 解析：此处需要副词修饰动词studies,hard作副词时表示“努力地”，符合语境， 故选A。 重难点二：形容词变副词的规则变化讲解： 1.一般情况下，在形容词后直接加-y。 quick-→quickly slow→slowly careful-→carefully 2.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i,再加-y。 happy-→happily easy-→easily angry→angrily 3.以le结尾的形容词，去e加-y。 gentle-→gently possible-→possibly simple-→simply 4.少数以e结尾的形容词，直接加-ly。 tue→truly due-→duly 5.以ic结尾的形容词，加-ally。 basic->basically scientific->scientifically 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版基础词法单元检测)My mother always cooks一(careful). 答案：carefully解析：此处需要副词修饰动词cooks,careful的副词形式是在词尾加-ly,即 carefully。 2.(2023全国版基础词法专项练习)He solved the problem一(easy). 答案：easily解析：easy是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变副词时要变y为i,再加-ly,即 easily。 重难点三：易混淆的形容词与副词(good/welL,hrd/hardly等)讲解： 1.good（形容词)wll（副词，作“好地”讲；形容词，作“健康的”讲) She is a good singer.(形容词good修饰名词singer) She sings well.(副词well修饰动词sings) He is well after the illness.(形容词well作表语，意为“健康的”) 2.hrd(形容词，“困难的：硬的”；副词，“努力地：猛烈地”)一→hardly（副词，“几乎不”) This is a hard problem.(形容词hard修饰名词problem,意为“困难的"”) It rained hard last night.(副词hard修饰动词rained,意为“猛烈地”) He hardly eats meat.(副词har'dy表示“几乎不”) 2 高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 3.late（形容词/副词，“迟的/地；晚的/地”)一→lately(副词，“最近") He was late for school..(形容词late作表语) She came late yesterday..(副词late修饰动词came) Have you seen him lately?(副词lately表示“最近”) 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国版基础词法模拟题)一low is your father?一Heis_now.Thank you. A.good B.well C.better D.best 答案：B 解析：此处询问身体状况，wll作形容词时表示“健康的”，符合语境，故选B。 2.(2023全国版基础词法期中测试)一Can you catch what the teacher said?一Sorry,.I can un- derstand it A.hard B.hardly C.nearly D.almost 答案：B 解析：根据“SoIy”可知几乎听不懂，hardly表示“几乎不”，符合语境，故选B。 重难点四：副词的比较级和最高级讲解： 副词比较级和最高级的构成规则与形容词基本相同。 1.单音节和部分双音节副词：加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。 fast→faster-→fastest hard→harder-→hardest early-→earlier-→earliest 2.多音节副词：在词前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。 quickly→more quickly-→nost quickly carefully-→more carefully-→nost carefully 3.不规则变化： well→better→best badly→vorse→worst much→more→most little-→less→least far一→farther/further-→farthest/.furthest 真题再现： 1.（2024 全国版基础词法提升练习)Tom runs than any other student in his class. A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest 答案：B:解析：由than可知此处用比较级，fast的比较级是faster,故选B。 3 高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 2.(2023 全国版基础词法综合测试)Of all the boys,he jumps一， A.higher B.highest C.more highly D.most highly 答案：B解析：由Of all the boys可知此处用最高级，jump是实义动词，用副词最高级，high 的最高级是highest,故选B。 重难点五：形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊用法(as.as,than等) 讲解： 1.s+形容词原级+aS,表示“和…一样…” This book is as interesting as that one.(这本书和那本书一样有趣) 2.not as/so+形容词原级+as,表示“不如…” He is not as tall as his brother..(他不如他哥哥高) 3.形容词比较级+han,表示“比…更…” She is younger than me.（她比我年轻) 4.the+形容词最高级+in/of,表示“在…中最…” This is the most beautiful flower in the garden.(这是花园里最漂亮的花) 真题再现： l.(2024全国版基础词法能力检测)This red pen is_that blue one.I like both, A.as good as B.better than C.the best D.gooder than 答案：A解析：根据“I like both”可知两支笔一样好，as..as中间用原级，故选A。 2.(2023 全国版基础词法升学模拟)Shanghai is one of cities in China. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest 答案：D解析：“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最…之一”，big的最高级 是biggest,前面要加the,故选D。 4 高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点》 1.She is a singer and she sings very_. A.good well B.well good C.goodgood D.well well 2.This story is so that all the students are in it. A.interesting interested B.interested interesting C.interesting interesting D.interested interested 3.He runs than his brother,but his brother jumps. A.fast higher B.faster highest C.faster higher D.fast highest 4.he studies,grades he will get. A.The harder better B.Harder the better C.The harder the better D.Harder better Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My mother cooks(careful)every day 2.Tom is a(happy)boy and he always smiles(happy). 3.This problem is(easy)than that one,so I can solve it(easy). 4.She speaks English (fluent),so she can communicate with foreigners (good) Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用词法) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Lucy is a(love)girl.She always helps others (kind).Her English is (excellent),and she speaks English (clear).Yesterday,she helped a foreigner find his way (successful).The foreigner thanked her(sincere).Lucy said,"It's my pleasure."She is(popular)than any other student in her class because she is always(friend)to everyone V.按要求改写句子（巩固词法用法） 高中全国版 【基础词法】 形容词与副词系统讲解 l.This book is interesting.That book is interesting too.(合并为一句，用as.as) 2.Tom runs fast.Jack runs faster.(合并为一句，用than) 3.She is a careful girl..(改为副词修饰动词的句子) 4.He is tall..His father is taller.(合并为一句，用not as...as) 综合演练参考答案 L.单项选择：1.A2.A3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.carefully 2.happy,happily 3.easier;easily 4.fluently,well Ⅲ短文填空： lovely kindly excellent clearly successfully sincerely more popular friendly V.按要求改写句子： 1.This book is as interesting as that book 2.Jack runs faster than Tom. 3.She does her homework carefully. 4.He is not as tall as his father. 6