非谓语动词 分词doing done系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】非谓语动词分词系统讲解 高中全国版 语法精讲 语法概述：现在分词doing表示主动或进行，过去分词doe表示被动或完成，在句中可作定语、 状语、补足语、表语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)的基本区别讲解： 现在分词(doing)表示主动或进行的动作，逻辑主语与分词动作是主动关系：过去分词(done)表 示被动或完成的动作，逻辑主语与分词动作是被动关系。 -主动关系(doing):The girl singing in the room is my sister.(唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，girl主动发出 sing的动作) -被动关系(done):The book written by Lu Xun is very famous..(鲁迅写的书很著名，book被动接 受write的动作) 真题再现 1.(2024全国卷I语法填空，人教版)The students_(attend)the lecture now are from Grade 10. 答案：attending解析：students与attend是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，表“正在参 加讲座的学生”。 2.(2023江苏高考改编，译林版)Prices of daily goods一(buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices. 答案：bought:解析：goods与buy是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，表“被购买的日 常商品”。 重难点二：分词作定语的位置与时态讲解： 1.单个分词作定语：通常放在被修饰名词前：现在分词表“主动/进行”，过去分词表“被动完成”。 -a falling leaf(正在飘落的叶子，主动进行) -a broken window(被打破的窗户，被动完成) 2.分词短语作定语：需放在被修饰名词后，相当于定语从句的省略。 The man speaking to the teacher is my father.(who is speaking...,) -The novel translated into Chinese was written by a British author.(which was translated...,) 高中全国版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词精讲 真题再现 1.(2024 浙江杭州期末，人教版)The_(excite)news made everyone cheer 答案：exciting 解析：news与excite是主动关系（消息令人兴奋），用现在分词作定语，修 饰物用exciting: 2.(2023湖北武汉月考，外研版)Do you know the girl(dress)in a red skirt? 答案：dressed解析：girl与dress是被动关系（女孩被打扮），用过去分词短语作后置定语， 相当于who is dressed。 重难点三：分词作状语的逻辑主语与独立主格结构讲解： 1.分词作状语：逻辑主语需与主句主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构（逻辑主语+分词）。 -一致情况：Walking along the street,,I met an old friend.(I是walking的逻辑主语) -独立主格：The meeting being over,.we went home.(meeting是being over的逻辑主语，与主句主 语we不同) 2.常见状语类型：时间(When hearing the news,she cried..)、原因(Tired from work,he fell asleep quickly.)、伴随(She sat there,reading a book.)。 真题再现 1.(2024北京朝阳区期中，北师大版)(see)from the top of the hill,.the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen解析：city与see是被动关系（城市被看），且逻辑主语与主句主语一致，用过 去分词作状语。 2.(2023四川成都期末，人教版)Weather_(permit),we will have a picnic tomorrow 答案：permitting解析：weather与permit是主动关系，且逻辑主语weather与主句主语we 不同，用独立主格结构“名词+现在分词”。 重难点四：分词与不定式、动名词的区别讲解： 1.分词Vs不定式：分词表“伴随状态”，不定式表“目的/结果”。 -He stood there,.waiting for the bus.（分词表伴随动作) -He ran to the station to catch the bus.(不定式表目的) 2.现在分词Vs动名词：现在分词作定语/状语（表动作），动名词作主语/宾语（表抽象概念）。 -Swimming is good exercise.(动名词作主语，表抽象行为) -The swimming boy is my brother..(现在分词作定语，表动作) 真题再现 l.(2024全国卷Ⅱ语法填空，人教版)She hurried to the office((finish)the report on time. 答案：to finish解析：不定式作目的状语，表“为了按时完成报告”。 2.(2023广东深圳月考，牛津版)_(collect)stamps is one of his hobbies. 答案：Collecting解析：动名词作主语，表抽象行为“集邮”。 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.The girl in the park is my classmate. A.dance B.dancing C.danced D.to dance 2.The book by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 3.from the mountain,the village looks very beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 4.the homework,he went out to play with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Finish Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The (interest)story made all the children laugh. 2.Do you know the boy(stand)at the school gate? 3.(walk)along the street,I found a wallet on the ground. 4.The meeting (hold)yesterday was very important. 5.Weather(permit),we will go for a picnic this weekend. 血.短文填空（综合运用非谓语动词） 用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（人教版教材课文改编） Look!The children are playing in the park.A girl(sing)a song happily.Some boys(run)after a dog.There is a man(read)a newspaper on a bench.A woman(carry)a baby in her arms is walking slowly.The baby,(smile)at the birds,looks very lovely.Everyone seems (enjoy)the beautiful day. 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词精讲 V.句型转换（聚焦非谓语结构） 1.The students who are taking photos over there are from Class3.(改为分词作定语) 2.Because she was tired,she went to bed early..(改为分词作状语) 一 3.He bought a book which was written by J.K.Rowling.(改为分词作定语) 4.The girl is wearing a red dress..She ismy sister..(合并为含有分词作定语的句子) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.interesting2.standing3.Walking4.held5.permitting Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.singing 2.running 3.reading 4.carrying 5.smiling 6.to enjoy V.句型转换： 1.The students taking photos over there are from Class 3. 2.Tired,she went to bed early. 3.He bought a book written by J.K.Rowling. 4.The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.