Unit 1-2过去分词作状语 定语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（外研版）

必修3外研版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】过去分词作状语、定语专项突 破 高中外研版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：过去分词作定语=形容词，修饰名词，放在名词前：过去分词作状语=副词，说明动 作发生的背景、原因、条件等。 重难点讲解 重难点一：过去分词作定语的用法讲解： 过去分词作定语时，通常表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词一般位于被修饰名词之前，过去 分词短语则位于名词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语表被动和完成，不及物动词的过去分词作 定语仅表完成。 The broken window needs to be repaired. The students invited to the party are from Class One. The risen sun is shining brightly. 真题再现： 1.(2024 北京海淀期中，外研版)Do you know the girl in the corner?She is my cousin A.sit B.sitting C.sat D.to sit 答案：C 解析：句中需要定语修饰the girl,.sit与the girl之间是被动关系，应用过去分词 sat,意为“被坐在角落里的女孩”。 2.(2023 上海虹口月考，外研版)We should pay attention to therules..They are very important. A.safety B.safe C.saved D.saving 答案：A解析：此处需要名词修饰ules,safety是名词，意为“安全规则”：B是形容词“安 全的”；C是过去分词“被拯救的”；D是现在分词“节省的”，均不符合语境，所以选A。 1 必修3外研版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 重难点二：过去分词作状语的用法讲解： 过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一 致，且过去分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系。作时间状语时可转换为whn引导的时间状语从句， 作原因状语时可转换为because引导的原因状语从句等。 Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful. Encouraged by the teacher,he worked harder. Given more time,we could finish the work better. 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州期末，外研版)in the traffic accident,.he had to stay in hospital for a month. A.Injuring B.Injured C.To injure D.Injure 答案：B解析：句中“在交通事故中受伤”与主语he之间是被动关系，应用过去分词Injured 作原因状语，意为“因为在交通事故中受了伤”。 2.（2023江苏南京期中，外研版)carefully,the letter was found to have some mistakes A.Check B.Checking C.Checked D.To check 答案：C解析：the letter与check之间是被动关系，“信被仔细检查”，应用过去分词Checked 作时间状语，相当于When the letter was checked carefully。 重难点三：过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别讲解： 过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的主要区别在于：过去分词表被动、完成：现在分词表主动、进 行。当被修饰名词与分词动作是被动关系时用过去分词，是主动关系时用现在分词。 a developing country a developed country the boiling water the boiled water 真题再现： 1.(2024 浙江杭州月考，外研版)Look at theleaves.They are falling down from the trees. A.fall B.falling C.fallen D.to fall 答案：B解析：句中“正在掉落的叶子”，leaves与fal之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行， 应用现在分词falling:C是过去分词“已掉落的”，不符合“正在落下”的语境，所以选B。 必修3外研版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 2.(2023湖北武汉期中，外研版)I like reading the books_by Mo Yan.They are very interesting A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 答案：C解析：books与wite之间是被动关系，“被莫言写的书”，应用过去分词written作 定语，所以选C。 重难点四：过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别讲解： 过去分词作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语是被动关系：现在分词作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语 是主动关系。同时，过去分词作状语强调被动或完成，现在分词作状语强调主动或进行。 Walking in the park,she met an old friend. Followed by a dog,she entered the room. 真题再现： 1.(2024 四川成都期末，外研版)the news,they all jumped with joy. A.Hearing B.Heard C.Hear D.To hear 答案：A解析：they与hear之间是主动关系，“他们听到消息”，应用现在分词Hearing作 时间状语，所以选A。 2.(2023陕西西安月考，外研版)from his parents for a long time,he missed them very much. A.Separating B.Separated C.Separate D.To separate 答案：B解析：he与separate之间是被动关系，“被与父母分开”，应用过去分词Separated 作原因状语，所以选B。 易错点综合演练 1单项选择（直击重难点） 1.Thedoor needs to be painted again A.break B.breaking C.broke D.broken 3 必修3外研版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 2.by the story,many students couldn't help crying. A.Moving B.Moved C.Move D.To move 3.This is aproblem that requires immediate attention. A.challenge B.challenging C.challenged D.to challenge 4.-carefully,the report was found to have several mistakes. A.Check B.Checking C.Checked D.To check Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The girl(invite)to the party yesterday is my best friend. 2.(see)from the mountain,the village looks very beautiful. 3.I like the book(write)by Lu Xun very much. 4.-(encourage)by her teacher,she decided to try again Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用过去分词） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Yesterday,I visited a(close)factory with my classmates.The factory(build)in 1990 used to be very famous.(show)around by a worker,we saw many_(abandon)machines.Some_(break)windows and(damage)walls made the place look sad.-(touch)by the scene,I decided to write a report about 达 V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,stolen,bike,by,was,a,thief,(. 2.we,the,excited,news,heard,were,when,we,( 3.is,this,a,book,written,by,Mo Yan,( 4.fallen,the,地上，leaves,are,on,many,there,() V.按要求改写句子（巩固语法结构) 必修3外研版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 l.The teacher gave us a broken ruler..(改为被动语态) 2.He saw a girl dancing in the park.(用过去分词作定语改写) 3.Because she was surprised at the news,.she couldn't say a word..(用过去分词作状语改写) 4.The problem which was discussed yesterday is very important.(用过去分词作定语改写) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1D2.B3.B4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.invited2.Seen3.written4.Encouraged Ⅲ短文填空 1.closed 2.built 3.Shown 4.abandoned 5.broken 6.damaged 7.Touched V.连词成句： 1.The bike was stolen by a thief. 2.We were excited when we heard the news. 3.This is a book written by Mo Yan. 4.There are many fallen leaves on the ground. V按要求改写句子： 1.A broken ruler was given to us by the teacher. 2.He saw a girl danced in the park. 3.Surprised at the news,she couldn't say a word. 4.The problem discussed yesterday is very important.