Unit 2构词法-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法重难点精讲（外研版）

高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 语法精讲 【语法专题】构词法专项突破 高中外研版必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：高中外研版必修1Uit2构词法是通过词缀、转化、合成等方式构成新词的方法，帮 助扩展词汇量和理解词义。 重难点讲解 重难点一：派生法(Prefixes.&Suffixes)讲解： 派生法是通过在词根前后添加前缀(prefix)或后缀(sufiⅸ)构成新词的方法。 -前缀：不改变词性，仅改变词义。常见前缀有： ·un-(否定)：happy一→unhappy(不开心的) 。re-(重复)：do→redo(重做) 。dis（否定/相反)：like→dislike(不喜欢) -后缀：常改变词性，不改变词义核心。常见后缀有： 。-er/-or(表人/物)：teach→teacher(教师)：act→actor(演员) 。-ful（充满…的)：care→careful(小心的) ·-less(无…的)：hope→hopeless(无望的) ●-ment(名词后缀)：develop→development(发展) 例句： -She is unable to finish the work alone.(un-否定前缀，able→unable“不能的”") -The government will improve public services.(govern→government名词后缀；im-加强前缀，prove →improve“改善”) 真题再现： 1.(2024北京海淀期中，外研版)Which word means“not polite'”? A.impolite B.politely 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 C.politeness D.impolitely 答案：A解析：polite(礼貌的)加否定前缀im-构成impolite(不礼貌的)，A项符合题意。 2.(2023浙江杭州月考，外研版)The word“homeless'”means. A.full of home B.without a home C.like a home D.related to home 答案：B解析：home(家)加后缀-less(无…的)构成homeless,意为“无家可归的”，B 项正确。 重难点二：合成法(Compound Words)讲解： 合成法是将两个或多个独立单词拼接成新单词的方法，新词的意义通常与原词相关。 -合成名词：名词+名词→classroom(教室)：book+-store→bookstore(书店) -合成形容词：形容词+名词+ed→kind-hearted(热心的)：名词+形容词→snow-white(雪白的) -合成动词：副词+动词→overeat(吃撑)：名词+动词→sunbathe(日光浴) 例句： -My mother bought a newspaper and a toothbrush this morning.(news+paper=:tooth+brush= 牙刷) -He is a hard-working student.(hard+working-=勤奋的) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期末，外研版)Which is a compound word? A.unhappy B.friendship C.blackboard D.impossible 答案：C解析：blackboard由black(黑色)和board(板子)合成，意为“黑板”，属于合 成名词，C项正确。 2.(2023广东广州月考，外研版)The phrase“well-kowm”isa. A.compound noun B.compound adjective C.compound verb D.compound adverb 答案：B解析：wll(好)+kowm(知名的)构成合成形容词，意为“著名的”，B项正确。 重难点三：转化法(Conversion)讲解： 转化法是指单词不改变词形，仅通过改变词性实现词义变化的构词法。 2 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 -名词→动词：water(水→浇水)：hand(手→传递) .动词→名词：walk(走→散步)：love(爱→爱情) -形容词→动词：empty(空的→倒空)：slow(慢的→减速) 例句： -Please water the flowers every morning..(名词water转化为动词“浇水”) -Let's take a walk after dinner.(动词walk转化为名词“散步”) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期中，外研版)The word“map”in“Can you ma即the city for me?”is used as a. A.noun B.verb C.adjective D.adverb 答案：B解析：ma即本义为名词“地图”，句中后接宾语“the city”,转化为动词“绘制地 图”，B项正确。 2.（2023四川成都月考，外研版)Which sentence uses“free”as a verb? A.This is a free ticket. B.She enjoys her free time C.Can you free this dog from the cage? D.He spoke freely at the meeting. 答案：C解析：C项中free后接宾语“this dog”,意为“释放”，为动词用法；A、B项为形 容词“免费的/空闲的”，D项为副词“自由地”，故选C。 重难点四：常见易混淆词缀辨析讲解： 部分前缀或后缀形似但意义不同，需注意区分： --ible vs.-able:均为形容词后缀，“可…的”。-ible多接于拉丁词根后（如visible“可见的"），-able 多接于英语词根后（如comfortable“舒适的”)。 -en-vs.em-:均为前缀“使…成为”。en-接辅音字母前（如enlarge“扩大”），em-接b/p/m前（如 empower“授权”)。 例句： -This information is invisible to the public.(visible加否定前缀in-,-ible接拉丁词根vis“看”) -The new policy will empower local communities.(em-接p开头的power,意为“使有权力”) 真题再现： 1.(2024湖北武汉期末，外研版)Which word is correctly formed? A.comfortible B.visable C.empower D.enbrace 3 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 答案：C解析：A项应为comfortable(-able接英语词根comfort);B项应为visible(-ible 接拉丁词根vis);D项应为embrace(em-接b开头的brace):C项empower(em-+power)正 确，故选C。 2.(2023 陕西西安月考，外研版)The opposite of“possible”is_. A.unpossible B.impossible C.dispossible D.inpossible 答案：B解析：possible(可能的)的否定形式为加前缀im-(因词根以p开头)，构成impossible (不可能的)，B项正确。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点) 1.Which word means"not happy"? A.unhappy B.happily C.happiness D.unhappily 2.The word"careless"means_. A.full of care B.without care C.like care D.related to care 3.Which is a compound word? A.dislike B.childhood C.playground D.impossible 4.The word"rain"in"It will rain heavily tomorrow"is used as a_ A.noun B.verb C.adjective D.adverb Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化构词法） 1.The(teach)is very kind to his students. 4 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 2.She is a (care)girl and always helps others. 3.We should try to help(home)people. 4.The two(work)are mending the machine. 5.This story is very(interest). Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用构词法） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom is a(care)boy.He often makes mistakes in his homework.One day,he forgot to bring his books to school.His teacher was(happy)and asked him to be more careful.Tom felt(hope)because he didn't want to let his teacher down.After school,he decided to be a(help)student.He started to_ (organize)his school things every night.Now,Tom is one of the best students in his class.His parents and teachers are very(pride)of him. V.连词成句（聚焦构词法） 1.kind,a,she,girl,is,hearted (. 2.un,able,finish,I,the,task,am,to ( 3.class,we,room,will,the,clean,tomorrow (. 4.book,store,my,mother,to,the,went,yesterday (. 5.sun,the,we,will,bathe,on,beach,the (. V.按要求改写句子（巩固构词法） 1.Ie is polite..(改为否定形式，用前缀) 2.She has a home.(改为否定意义的派生词) 3.The room is full of light..(用派生词改写) 4.He works hard.(用合成词描述人) 参考答案 5 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 Unit2构词法 L单项选择：1.A2.B3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.teacher2.careful3.homeless4.workers5.interesting Ⅲ.短文填空 1.careless 2.unhappy 3.hopeless 4.helpful 5.organize 6.proud IV.连词成句： 1.She is a kind-hearted girl. 2.I am unable to finish the task. 3.We will clean the classroom tomorrow 4.My mother went to the bookstore yesterday. 5.We will sunbathe on the beach V.按要求改写句子： 1.He is impolite. 2.She is homeless. 3.The room is bright. 4.He is a hard-working man 6